Duke of York and Albany
| Duke of York and Albany | |
|---|---|
| Style |
His Royal Highness Sir |
| Appointer | Monarch of Great Britain |
| Term length | Life tenure or until accession as Sovereign |
| Inaugural holder | Prince Ernest Augustus |
| Formation | 1716 |
| Salary | Undisclosed |
Duke of York and Albany was a title of nobility in the Peerage of Great Britain. In the 18th century it was, when granted, usually given to the second son of British monarchs. The predecessor titles in the English and Scottish peerage were Duke of York and Duke of Albany.
History
The individual dukedoms of York and of Albany had previously each been created several times in the Peerages of England and of Scotland respectively. Each had become a traditional title of the second son of the monarch, and had become traditional united (but separately awarded) in the House of Stuart.
During the 18th century the double dukedom of York and Albany was created a number of times in the Peerage of Great Britain. The title was first held by Duke Ernest Augustus of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Bishop of Osnabrück, the youngest brother of King George I. He died without heirs. The second creation of the Dukedom of York and Albany was for Prince Edward, younger brother of King George III, who also died without heirs, having never married. The third and last creation of the Dukedom of York and Albany was for Prince Frederick Augustus, the second son of King George III. He served as Commander-in-Chief of the British Army for many years, and was the original "Grand old Duke of York" in the popular rhyme. He too died without heirs.
Every time the Dukedom of York and Albany has been created it has had only one occupant, that person dying without male heirs.
Dukes
Dukes of York and Albany
First creation, 1716–1728
| Duke | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prince Ernest Augustus House of Hanover 1716–1728[1] also: Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück (1715–1728), Earl of Ulster (1716) | .jpg) | 7 September 1674 Osnabrück son of Ernest Augustus, Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Sophia of the Palatinate | never married | 14 August 1728 Osnabrück aged 53 |
| Prince Ernest was the younger brother of George I and died without issue | ||||
Second creation, 1760–1767
| Duke | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prince Edward House of Hanover 1760–1767[2] also: Earl of Ulster (1760) |  | 25 March 1739 Norfolk House son of Frederick, Prince of Wales and Augusta of Saxe-Gotha | never married | 17 September 1767 Prince's Palace of Monaco aged 28 |
| Rather than the second son of the sovereign, Prince Edward was the second son of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and the younger brother of George III. This Duke of York died without issue at age 28 after a short illness | ||||
Third creation, 1784–1827
| Duke | Portrait | Birth | Marriages | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Prince Frederick House of Hanover 1784–1827[3] also: Earl of Ulster (1784) |  | 16 August 1763 St. James's Palace son of George III of the United Kingdom and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz | Frederica Charlotte of Prussia 29 September 1791 No children | 5 January 1827 Rutland House aged 63 |
| Prince Frederick separated from his only wife Frederica Charlotte (with whom he had no children) but was rumoured to have fathered several illegitimate children | ||||
Queen Victoria granted the title Duke of Albany (single geographic designation) to her 4th son, Prince Leopold, in 1881, and the title Duke of York (single geographic designation) to her eldest son's second (but by then eldest living) son, Prince George, in 1892.
Family tree
| King James VI & I (1566–r.1603–1625) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DUKE OF ALBANY, 1604 DUKE OF YORK, 1605 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Princess Elizabeth Stuart (1596–1662) m. Frederick V of the Palatinate | Prince Charles, Duke of York, Duke of Albany King Charles I (1600–r.1625–1649) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DUKE OF YORK, 1644 DUKE OF ALBANY, 1660 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sophia of Hanover (1630–1714) m. Ernest Augustus of Brunswick | King Charles II (1630–r.1660–1685) | Prince James, Duke of York, Duke of Albany King James II (1633–1701, r.1685–1688) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DUKE OF YORK & ALBANY, 1716 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| King George I (1660–r.1714–1727) | Ernest Augustus, Duke of York and Albany (1674–1728) | Queen Mary II (1662–r.1689–1694) | Queen Anne (1665–r.1702–1714) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| King George II (1683–r.1727–1760) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prince Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales (1707–1751) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DUKE OF YORK & ALBANY, 1760 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| King George III (1738–r.1760–1820) | Prince Edward, Duke of York and Albany (1739–1767) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DUKE OF YORK & ALBANY, 1784 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| King George IV (1762–r.1820–1830) | Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany (1763–1827) | King William IV (1765–r.1830–1837) | Prince Edward, Duke of Kent (1767–1820) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Queen Victoria (1819–r.1837–1901) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See also
References
- ↑ Kilburn, Matthew (May 2005) [2004]. "Ernest Augustus, Prince, duke of York and Albany (1674–1728)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/8839.
- ↑ Yvonne's Royalty: Peerage. Mypage.uniserve.ca. Retrieved on 2012-06-06.
- ↑ "Yvonne's Royalty: Peerage". Retrieved 21 April 2012.