Dolphinarium discotheque massacre

Dolphinarium suicide bombing
Part of the Second Intifada militancy campaign
The abandoned ruins of the Dolphinarium in 2012.
The attack site Show map of Tel Aviv The attack site Show map of Central Israel
Location	Tel Aviv, Israel
Coordinates	32°04′02″N 34°45′42″E / 32.06722°N 34.76167°E / 32.06722; 34.76167
Date	1 June 2001 23:30 pm (GMT+3)
Attack type	Suicide bombing
Deaths	21 victims (+1 bomber)
Non-fatal injuries	100+
Perpetrators	Islamic Jihad Hamas
Assailant	Saeed Hotari

English inscription on the back of the Dolphinarium massacre memorial

The Dolphinarium discotheque massacre was a Hamas terror attack on 1 June 2001 in which a Hamas-affiliated Islamist terrorist blew himself up outside a nightclub on the beachfront in Tel Aviv, Israel, killing 21 Israelis, 16 of them teenagers.^[1][2][3] The majority of the victims were Israeli teenage girls, whose families had recently immigrated from the former Soviet Union.

Attack

Suicide bomber Saeed Hotari was standing in line on a Friday night in front of the Dolphinarium, when the area was packed with teenagers. Most of the crowd were young people from Russian-speaking families from the former Soviet Union, who were waiting for admission to a dance party at the Dolphin disco, and others were in line to enter the adjacent nightclub.^[4] Survivors of the attack later described how the young Palestinian bomber appeared to taunt his victims before the explosion, wandering among them dressed in a disguise that led his victims to mistake him for an Orthodox Jew from Asia. Before detonating his bomb, he banged a drum packed with explosives and ball-bearings, while taunting his victims in Hebrew with the words "Something's going to happen".^[5] At 23:27, he detonated his explosive device.^[6] Witnesses claimed that body parts lay all over the area, and that bodies were piled one above another on the sidewalk before being collected. Many civilians in the vicinity of the bombing rushed to assist emergency services.

The suicide bombing followed a failed attack attempt on the same target five months earlier.^[7]

Fatalities

Dolphinarium Massacre memorial at the Tel Aviv Dolphinarium site with the names of the victims written in Russian

One Israeli soldier and 20 civilians, the majority teenage girls whose parents had made aliyah to Israel from the former Soviet Union, were murdered in the attack:^[8]

Maria Tagiltseva, 14, of Netanya[9] Raisa Nimrovsky, 15, of Netanya[10] Ana Kazachkova, 15, of Holon[11] Katherine Kastaniyada-Talkir, 15, of Ramat Gan[12] Irina Nepomnyashchi, 16, of Bat Yam[13] Mariana Medvedenko, 16, of Tel Aviv[14] Yulia Nelimov, 16, of Tel Aviv[15] Liana Saakyan, 16, of Ramat Gan[16] Marina Berkovizki, 17, of Tel Aviv[17] Simona Rodin, 18, of Holon[18] Aleksei Lupalu, 16, of Ukraine[19]

Yelena Nelimov, 18, of Tel Aviv[20] Irena Usdachi, 18, of Holon[21] Ilya Gutman, 19, of Bat Yam[22] Roman Dezanshvili, 21, of Bat Yam[23] Pvt. Diez (Dani) Normanov, 21, of Tel Aviv[24] Ori Shahar, 32, of Ramat Gan[25] Yael-Yulia Sklianik, 15, of Holon[26] – died of her injuries on 2 June 2001 Sergei Panchenko, 20, Ukraine[27] – died of his injuries on 2 June 2001 Jan Bloom, 25, of Ramat Gan[28] – died of his injuries on 3 June 2001 Yevgeniya Dorfman, 15, of Bat Yam[29] – died of her injuries on 19 June 2001

Perpetrators

Both Islamic Jihad and a group calling itself "Hezbollah-Palestine" originally claimed responsibility for the suicide bombing, only to later retract the claims.^[30] Later on it was revealed that the attack was carried out by Saeed Hotari, aged 22, a militant linked to the Palestinian Islamist militant group Hamas.^[31]

Official reactions

Involved parties

 Israel:

• Israeli officials called the attack a "massacre".^[32]

 Palestinian Authority:

• President of the Palestinian Authority Yasser Arafat condemned the attack and called for a cease-fire.^[33]

Supranational

•  United Nations – U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan stated that he "condemns this indiscriminate terrorist attack in the strongest possible terms." and that the attack "underlines the urgency of breaking the cycle of violence."^[34]

International

•  Kuwait – The Kuwaiti Foreign Minister and acting Premier Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah stated that he does not support Palestinian suicide bombings against civilians.^[35]
•  United States – U.S. President George W. Bush stated that he condemns the attack in the strongest terms and that "There is no justification for senseless attacks against innocent civilians."^[36]

Aftermath

Dolphinarium discotheque suicide bombing by Victor Brindatch oil on canvas painting size 100×130

After the attack many in the Israeli public demanded a harsh military retaliation; nevertheless, Prime Minister Ariel Sharon decided to not take any immediate retaliatory actions. US and other governments applied heavy diplomatic pressure on Israel to refrain from action.^[33] Nevertheless, the attack was later on noted as one of the reasons cited by the Israeli government for building the Israeli West Bank barrier.^[37]

In Ramallah dozens of Palestinians celebrated in the streets and fired in the air as a sign of celebration.^[4] The bomber, Saeed Hotari, was praised as a martyr by his father.^[31] President George W. Bush demanded that Yasser Arafat condemn the terrorist act.^[38] The next day, Israeli-Arabs barricaded themselves in the Hassan Bek Mosque opposite the Dolphinarium site and threw objects at the police.^[39]

According to the Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center, an Israeli-based organization with close ties to the IDF, among the materials seized by the IDF in the course of Operation Defensive Shield were two documents issued by the Martyrs' Families and Injured Care Establishment, which is under the authority of the Palestinian National Authority's Ministry of Social Affairs. The documents detail the transfer of US$2,000 to the father of the suicide bomber, who was living in Jordan at that time (18 June 2001). According to the Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center, the transfer was made despite the suicide bomber's Hamas affiliation, despite the father's public support of the suicide bombing attack, and despite Arafat's public condemnation of the bombing.^[40][41]

Dolphinarium site

Since the bombing, the Dolphinarium discotheque sat abandoned on the Tel Aviv beachfront, covered with graffiti until its demolition in May 2018.^[42] For years, family members of the victims had unsuccessfully campaigned to permanently preserve the ruined building as a monument to the attack; however, the building was demolished in order to extend the promenade along the coast.^[43] Memorial services to the victims of the attack were held every year at the site by friends and family of the victims.^[44]

See also

• Civilian casualties in the Second Intifada
• Shevah Mofet – high school in Tel Aviv where seven of the killed teenagers and many of the injured studied
• Israeli casualties of war
• Palestinian political violence
• Manchester Arena bombing

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dolphinarium massacre memorial.

• Tel-Aviv suicide bombing at the Dolphin disco, Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs; accessed 2 September 2015
• At Least 17 Dead In Tel Aviv Suicide Bombing, Times Daily, 2 June 2001
• At Least 17 Dead, 86 Wounded In Tel Aviv Beachfront Bombing, The Item, 2 June 2001
• Eyewitness accounts from the scene of the massacre, Ynet, 2 June 2001 (Hebrew)
• Inside the mind of a suicide bomber, ABC News, 6 December 2001
• Devotion, desire drive youths to 'martyrdom', USA Today; 26 June 2001
• Driver of the Dolphinarium attack terrorist – charged with homicide, Ynet, 10 July 10, 2001 (in Hebrew)