DDX3X

DDX3X
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2I4I, 2JGN, 3JRV, 4O2C, 4O2E, 4O2F, 4PX9, 4PXA, 5E7J, 5E7M, 5E7I
Identifiers
Aliases	DDX3X, DBX, DDX14, DDX3, HLP2, CAP-Rf, MRX102, DEAD-box helicase 3, X-linked, DEAD-box helicase 3 X-linked
External IDs	MGI: 103064 HomoloGene: 3425 GeneCards: DDX3X
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	X chromosome (human)[1]
End	41,364,472 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	X chromosome (mouse)[2]
End	13,294,052 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern
	; ; ; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• DNA binding; • nucleotide binding; • nucleoside-triphosphatase activity; • ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity; • CTPase activity; • helicase activity; • poly(A) binding; • ribosomal small subunit binding; • RNA stem-loop binding; • ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity; • transcription factor binding; • ATPase activity; • protein binding; • GTPase activity; • eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding; • RNA binding; • nucleic acid binding; • mRNA 5'-UTR binding; • translation initiation factor binding; • hydrolase activity; • ATP binding; • RNA strand annealing activity; • cadherin binding; • protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity;
Cellular component	• cytoplasm; • eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3; • nuclear speck; • membrane; • mitochondrial outer membrane; • cytosolic small ribosomal subunit; • mitochondrion; • cytoplasmic stress granule; • extracellular exosome; • cell nucleus; • extracellular region; • cytosol; • secretory granule lumen; • ficolin-1-rich granule lumen; • nucleolus;
Biological process	• stress granule assembly; • apoptotic process; • negative regulation of translation; • negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process; • intracellular signal transduction; • regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; • ribosome biogenesis; • negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway; • immune system process; • chromosome segregation; • negative regulation of protein complex assembly; • response to virus; • negative regulation of apoptotic process; • Wnt signaling pathway; • positive regulation of translation; • protein localization to cytoplasmic stress granule; • transcription, DNA-templated; • cellular response to osmotic stress; • positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle; • intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway; • positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process; • positive regulation of cell growth; • positive regulation of gene expression; • mature ribosome assembly; • cellular response to arsenic-containing substance; • negative regulation of cell growth; • positive regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production; • RNA secondary structure unwinding; • positive regulation of apoptotic process; • positive regulation of viral genome replication; • viral process; • innate immune response; • positive regulation of translational initiation; • regulation of translation; • extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors; • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; • positive regulation of interferon-beta production; • DNA duplex unwinding; • neutrophil degranulation; • positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity; • positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	1654
	13205
	ENSG00000215301
	ENSMUSG00000000787
	O00571
	Q62167
	NM_001193416; NM_001193417; NM_001356; NM_024005; NM_001363819
	NM_010028
	NP_001180345; NP_001180346; NP_001347; NP_001350748
	NP_034158
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX3X is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DDX3X gene.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Function

DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases. They are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving alteration of RNA secondary structure such as translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and ribosome and spliceosome assembly. Based on their distribution patterns, some members of this family are believed to be involved in embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, and cellular growth and division. This gene encodes a DEAD box protein, which interacts specifically with hepatitis C virus core protein resulting a change in intracellular location. This gene has a homolog located in the nonrecombining region of the Y chromosome. The protein sequence is 91% identical between this gene and the Y-linked homolog.^[7]

Role in cancer

DDX3X is involved in many different types of cancer. For example, it is abnormally expressed in breast epithelial cancer cells in which its expression is activated by HIF1A during hypoxia.^[8] Increased expression of DDX3X by HIF1A in hypoxia is initiated by the direct binding of HIF1A to the HIF1A response element,^[8] as verified with chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assay. Since the expression of DDX3X is affected by the activity of HIF1A, the co-localization of these proteins has also been demonstrated in MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumor samples.^[8]

In HeLa cells DDX3X is reported to control cell cycle progression through Cyclin E1.^[9] More specifically, DDX3X was shown to directly bind to the 5´ UTR of Cyclin E1 and thereby facilitating the translation of the protein. Increased protein levels of Cyclin E1 was demonstrated to mediate the transition of S phase entry.^[9]

Clinical significance

Mutations of the DDX3X gene are also associated with medulloblastoma.^[10]^[11]^[12]

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000215301 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000000787 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:".
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
↑ Lahn BT, Page DC (October 1997). "Functional coherence of the human Y chromosome". Science. 278 (5338): 675–80. doi:10.1126/science.278.5338.675. PMID 9381176.
↑ Park SH, Lee SG, Kim Y, Song K (Oct 1998). "Assignment of a human putative RNA helicase gene, DDX3, to human X chromosome bands p11.3→p11.23". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 81 (3–4): 178–9. doi:10.1159/000015022. PMID 9730595.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: DDX3X DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 3, X-linked".
1 2 3 Botlagunta M, Krishnamachary B, Vesuna F, Winnard PT, Bol GM, Patel AH, Raman V (March 2011). "Expression of DDX3 is directly modulated by hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha in breast epithelial cells". PLOS One. PLOS One. 6 (3): e17563. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017563. PMC 3063174. PMID 21448281.
1 2 Lai MC, Chang WC, Shieh SY, Tarn WY (November 2010). "DDX3 regulates cell growth through translational control of cyclin E1". Molecular and Cellular Biology. Molecular and Cellular Biology. 30 (22): 5444–53. doi:10.1128/MCB.00560-10. PMC 2976371. PMID 20837705.
↑ Robinson G, Parker M, Kranenburg TA, Lu C, Chen X, Ding L, et al. (August 2012). "Novel mutations target distinct subgroups of medulloblastoma". Nature. 488 (7409): 43–8. doi:10.1038/nature11213. PMC 3412905. PMID 22722829.
↑ Jones DT, Jäger N, Kool M, Zichner T, Hutter B, Sultan M, et al. (August 2012). "Dissecting the genomic complexity underlying medulloblastoma". Nature. 488 (7409): 100–5. doi:10.1038/nature11284. PMC 3662966. PMID 22832583.
↑ Pugh TJ, Weeraratne SD, Archer TC, Pomeranz Krummel DA, Auclair D, Bochicchio J, et al. (August 2012). "Medulloblastoma exome sequencing uncovers subtype-specific somatic mutations". Nature. 488 (7409): 106–10. doi:10.1038/nature11329. PMC 3413789. PMID 22820256.

Li L, Li HS, Pauza CD, Bukrinsky M, Zhao RY (2006). "Roles of HIV-1 auxiliary proteins in viral pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions". Cell Research. 15 (11–12): 923–34. doi:10.1038/sj.cr.7290370. PMID 16354571.
Owsianka AM, Patel AH (May 1999). "Hepatitis C virus core protein interacts with a human DEAD box protein DDX3". Virology. 257 (2): 330–40. doi:10.1006/viro.1999.9659. PMID 10329544.
Mamiya N, Worman HJ (May 1999). "Hepatitis C virus core protein binds to a DEAD box RNA helicase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (22): 15751–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.22.15751. PMID 10336476.
Yagüe J, Alvarez I, Rognan D, Ramos M, Vázquez J, de Castro JA (June 2000). "An N-acetylated natural ligand of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B39. Classical major histocompatibility complex class I proteins bind peptides with a blocked NH(2) terminus in vivo". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 191 (12): 2083–92. doi:10.1084/jem.191.12.2083. PMC 2193201. PMID 10859333.
Kim YS, Lee SG, Park SH, Song K (October 2001). "Gene structure of the human DDX3 and chromosome mapping of its related sequences". Molecules and Cells. 12 (2): 209–14. PMID 11710523.
Li J, Hawkins IC, Harvey CD, Jennings JL, Link AJ, Patton JG (November 2003). "Regulation of alternative splicing by SRrp86 and its interacting proteins". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 23 (21): 7437–47. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.21.7437-7447.2003. PMC 207616. PMID 14559993.
Shu H, Chen S, Bi Q, Mumby M, Brekken DL (March 2004). "Identification of phosphoproteins and their phosphorylation sites in the WEHI-231 B lymphoma cell line". Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. 3 (3): 279–86. doi:10.1074/mcp.D300003-MCP200. PMID 14729942.
Bouwmeester T, Bauch A, Ruffner H, Angrand PO, Bergamini G, Croughton K, Cruciat C, Eberhard D, Gagneur J, Ghidelli S, Hopf C, Huhse B, Mangano R, Michon AM, Schirle M, Schlegl J, Schwab M, Stein MA, Bauer A, Casari G, Drewes G, Gavin AC, Jackson DB, Joberty G, Neubauer G, Rick J, Kuster B, Superti-Furga G (February 2004). "A physical and functional map of the human TNF-alpha/NF-kappa B signal transduction pathway". Nature Cell Biology. 6 (2): 97–105. doi:10.1038/ncb1086. PMID 14743216.
Yedavalli VS, Neuveut C, Chi YH, Kleiman L, Jeang KT (October 2004). "Requirement of DDX3 DEAD box RNA helicase for HIV-1 Rev-RRE export function". Cell. 119 (3): 381–92. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.09.029. PMID 15507209.
Dayton AI (October 2004). "Within you, without you: HIV-1 Rev and RNA export". Retrovirology. 1: 35. doi:10.1186/1742-4690-1-35. PMC 526764. PMID 15516266.
Krishnan V, Zeichner SL (December 2004). "Alterations in the expression of DEAD-box and other RNA binding proteins during HIV-1 replication". Retrovirology. 1: 42. doi:10.1186/1742-4690-1-42. PMC 543576. PMID 15588285.
Rush J, Moritz A, Lee KA, Guo A, Goss VL, Spek EJ, Zhang H, Zha XM, Polakiewicz RD, Comb MJ (January 2005). "Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells". Nature Biotechnology. 23 (1): 94–101. doi:10.1038/nbt1046. PMID 15592455.
Tao WA, Wollscheid B, O'Brien R, Eng JK, Li XJ, Bodenmiller B, Watts JD, Hood L, Aebersold R (August 2005). "Quantitative phosphoproteome analysis using a dendrimer conjugation chemistry and tandem mass spectrometry". Nature Methods. 2 (8): 591–8. doi:10.1038/nmeth776. PMID 16094384.
Gevaert K, Staes A, Van Damme J, De Groot S, Hugelier K, Demol H, Martens L, Goethals M, Vandekerckhove J (September 2005). "Global phosphoproteome analysis on human HepG2 hepatocytes using reversed-phase diagonal LC". Proteomics. 5 (14): 3589–99. doi:10.1002/pmic.200401217. PMID 16097034.
Chang PC, Chi CW, Chau GY, Li FY, Tsai YH, Wu JC, Wu Lee YH (March 2006). "DDX3, a DEAD box RNA helicase, is deregulated in hepatitis virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma and is involved in cell growth control". Oncogene. 25 (14): 1991–2003. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1209239. PMID 16301996.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000215301 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000000787 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:".

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:".

[pmid9381176-5] Lahn BT, Page DC (October 1997). "Functional coherence of the human Y chromosome". Science. 278 (5338): 675–80. doi:10.1126/science.278.5338.675. PMID 9381176.

[pmid9730595-6] Park SH, Lee SG, Kim Y, Song K (Oct 1998). "Assignment of a human putative RNA helicase gene, DDX3, to human X chromosome bands p11.3→p11.23". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 81 (3–4): 178–9. doi:10.1159/000015022. PMID 9730595.

[entrez-7] 1 2 "Entrez Gene: DDX3X DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 3, X-linked".

[:0-8] 1 2 3 Botlagunta M, Krishnamachary B, Vesuna F, Winnard PT, Bol GM, Patel AH, Raman V (March 2011). "Expression of DDX3 is directly modulated by hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha in breast epithelial cells". PLOS One. PLOS One. 6 (3): e17563. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017563. PMC 3063174. PMID 21448281.

[:1-9] 1 2 Lai MC, Chang WC, Shieh SY, Tarn WY (November 2010). "DDX3 regulates cell growth through translational control of cyclin E1". Molecular and Cellular Biology. Molecular and Cellular Biology. 30 (22): 5444–53. doi:10.1128/MCB.00560-10. PMC 2976371. PMID 20837705.

[10] Robinson G, Parker M, Kranenburg TA, Lu C, Chen X, Ding L, et al. (August 2012). "Novel mutations target distinct subgroups of medulloblastoma". Nature. 488 (7409): 43–8. doi:10.1038/nature11213. PMC 3412905. PMID 22722829.

[11] Jones DT, Jäger N, Kool M, Zichner T, Hutter B, Sultan M, et al. (August 2012). "Dissecting the genomic complexity underlying medulloblastoma". Nature. 488 (7409): 100–5. doi:10.1038/nature11284. PMC 3662966. PMID 22832583.

[12] Pugh TJ, Weeraratne SD, Archer TC, Pomeranz Krummel DA, Auclair D, Bochicchio J, et al. (August 2012). "Medulloblastoma exome sequencing uncovers subtype-specific somatic mutations". Nature. 488 (7409): 106–10. doi:10.1038/nature11329. PMC 3413789. PMID 22820256.

DDX3X

Function

Role in cancer

Clinical significance

See also

References

Further reading