Convoy QP 14
| Convoy QP.14 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Second World War | |||||
.jpg) HMS Somali sunk | |||||
| |||||
| Belligerents | |||||
.svg.png){kind=small} |
 | ||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||
| Admiral Karl Dönitz | Capt J. C. K. Dowding CBE DSO Rd RNR (Commodore) | ||||
| Strength | |||||
| 7 U-boats |
17 merchant ships 65 escorts | ||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||
| 6 ships sunk | |||||
QP 14 was an Arctic convoy of the QP series which ran during World War II from Archangel in Russia to Loch Ewe in Scotland.
The convoy consisted of 17 merchant vessels and sixty-five escorts. QP 14 was attacked by seven U-boats, which sank six merchant vessels.
Escorts
The convoy was protected by the following:
- 2 Battleships
- 1 Aircraft carrier
- 4 Heavy Cruisers
- 3 Cruisers
- 4 Corvettes
- HMS Dianella, HMS La Malouine, HMS Lotus, HMS Poppy
- 33 Destroyers
- HMS Amazon, HMS Ashanti, HMS Blankney, HMS Bramble, HMS Bramham, HMS Bulldog, HMS Cowdray, HMS Echo, HMS Eclipse, HMS Eskimo, HMS Faulknor, HMS Fury, HMS Impulsive, HMS Intrepid, HMS Keppel, HMS Mackay, HMS Marne, HMS Meteor, HMS Middleton, HMS Milne, HMS Montrose, HMS Oakley, HMS Offa, HMS Onslaught, HMS Onslow, HMS Opportune, HMS Somali, HMS Tartar, HMS Venomous, HMS Wheatland, HMS Wilton, HMS Windsor, HMS Worcester
- 6 Minesweepers
- HMS Britomart, HMS Halcyon, HMS Hazard, HMS Leda, HMS Salamander, HMS Seagull
- 4 ASW Trawlers
- HMS Ayrshire, HMS Lord Austin, HMT Lord Middleton and HMT Northern Gem
- 2 Submarines
- HMS P614 and HMS P615
- 2 Anti-aircraft ships
- HMS Alynbank, HMS Palomares, then HMS Pozarica introduced to replace Alynbank
- 3 Convoy oilers
- RFA Black Ranger, RFA Grey Ranger and RFA Oligarch
- 2 Convoy rescue ships
- SS Rathlin and SS Zamalek
U-boats
The convoy was attacked by seven U-boats:
- U-251 – Kapitänleutnant Heinrich Timm[1]
- U-255 – Kapitänleutnant Reinhart Reche[2]
- U-403 – Kapitänleutnant Heinz-Ehlert Clausen[3]
- U-408 – Kapitänleutnant Reinhard von Hymmen[4]
- U-435 – Kapitänleutnant Siegfried Strelow[5]
- U-592 – Kapitänleutnant Carl Borm[6]
- U-703 – Kapitänleutnant Heinz Bielfeld[7]
Ships in the convoy
| Name | Flag | Tonnage (GRT) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alcoa Banner (1919) | .svg.png){kind=small} | 5,035 | |
| HMS Alynbank | | Escort 17 Sep. Anti-aircraft ship | |
| HMS Amazon (D39) | | Escort 15 – 22 Sep. Destroyer | |
| HMS Anson (79) | | Escort 19 – 22 Sep. Battleship | |
| HMS Ashanti (F51) | | Escort 17 – 21 Sep. Destroyer | |
| HMS Avenger (D14) | | Escort 17 – 20 Sep. Escort aircraft carrier | |
| HMS Ayrshire (FY225) | | Escort 13 – 25 Sep. ASW trawler | |
| Bellingham (1920) | | 5,345 | Sunk by U-435[9] on 22 Sep W of Jan Mayen Island. No dead. Survivors picked up by Rathlin |
| Benjamin Harrison (1942) | | 2,191 | |
| RFA Black Ranger (A163) |  | 3,417 | Escort Oiler |
| HMS Blankney (L30) | | Escort 13 – 25 Sep. Destroyer | |
| HMS Bramble (J11) | | Escort 13 – 25 Sep. Destroyer | |
| HMS Bramham (L51) | | Escort 23 Sep. Destroyer | |
| HMS Britomart (J22) | | Escort 13 Sep. Minesweeper | |
| HMS Bulldog (H91) | | Escort 14 – 22 Sep. Destroyer | |
| HMS Cowdray (L52) | | Escort – 20 Sep. Destroyer | |
| HMS Cumberland (57) | | Escort 14 – 22 Sep. Heavy cruiser | |
| Deer Lodge (1919) | | 6,187 | |
| HMS Dianella (K07) | | Escort 13 – 26 Sep. Corvette | |
| HMS Duke of York (17) | | Escort 19 – 22 Sep. Battleship | |
| HMS Echo (H23) | | Escort 14 – 22 Sep. Destroyer | |
| HMS Eclipse (H08) | | Escort 14 – 22 Sep. Destroyer | |
| Empire Tide (1941) |  | 6,978 | CAM ship. 23 Passengers |
| HMS Eskimo (F75) | | Escort 17 – 21 Sep. Destroyer | |
| HMS Faulknor (H62) | | Escort 17 – 25 Sep. Destroyer | |
| HMS Fury (H76) | | Escort 17 – 20 Sep. Destroyer | |
| RFA Grey Ranger (1941) | | 3,313 | Replenishment oiler. Sunk by U-435[10] on 22 Sep W of Jan Mayen Island. 6 dead. Survivors picked up by Rathlin |
| HMS Halcyon (J42) | | Escort 13 Sep. Minesweeper | |
| Harmatris (1932) | | 5,395 | |
| HMS Hazard | | Escort 13 Sep. Minesweeper | |
| HMS Impulsive (D11) | | Escort – 25 Sep. Destroyer | |
| HMS Intrepid (D10) | | Escort 17 – 21 Sep. Destroyer | |
| HMS Jamaica (44) | | Escort 19 – 22 Sep. Cruiser | |
| HMS Keppel (D84) | | Escort 19 – 22 Sep. Destroyer leader | |
| HMS La Malouine (K46) | | Escort 13 – 26 Sep. Corvette | |
| HMS Leda (J93) | | Escort 13 – 20 Sep. Minesweeper. Sunk by U-435[11] on 20 Sep SW of Spitzbergen. Survivors picked up by Rathlin and Zamalek. Cdr A H Wynne-Edwards RN | |
| HMS London (69) | | Escort 14 – 22 Sep. Heavy cruiser | |
| HMS Lord Austin (FY220) | | Escort 13 – 25 Sep. ASW trawler | |
| HMT Lord Middleton (FY219) | | Escort 13 – 25 Sep. ASW trawler | |
| HMS Lotus (K130) | | Escort 13 – 26 Sep. Corvette | |
| HMS Mackay | | Escort 19 – 22 Sep. Destroyer leader | |
| HMS Marne (G35) | | Escort 17 – 25 Sep. Destroyer | |
| HMS Meteor (G73) | | Escort 17 – 25 Sep. Destroyer | |
| HMS Middleton (L74) | | Escort 13 – 25 Sep. Destroyer | |
| HMS Milne (G14) | | Escort 17 – 22 Sep. Destroyer | |
| Minotaur (1918) | | 4,554 | |
| HMS Montrose (D01) | | Escort 19 – 22 Sep. WW1-era destroyer | |
| HMS Norfolk (78) | | Escort 14 – 22 Sep. Heavy cruiser | |
| HMT Northern Gem (FY194) | | Escort 13 – 25 Sep. ASW trawler | |
| HMS Oakley (L98) | | Escort – 20 Sep. Destroyer | |
| Ocean Freedom (1942) | | 7,173 | 8 Passengers. Ship's Master is vice-commodore |
| Ocean Voice (1941) | | 7,174 | 5 Naval staff officers. 25 Soviet passengers. Sunk by U-435[12] on 22 Sep. No dead. Survivors picked up by both HMS Seagull (J85), and landed at Scapa Flow, and Zamalek, and landed at Glasgow. Capt J C K Dowding CBE DSO Rd RNR (Commodore) |
| HMS Offa (G29) | | Escort 17 – 25 Sep. Destroyer | |
| RFA Oligarch (1918) | | 6,894 | Replenishment oiler |
| HMS Onslaught (G04) | | Escort 17 – 25 Sep. Destroyer | |
| HMS Onslow (G17) | | Escort 17 – 25 Sep. Destroyer | |
| HMS Opportune (G80) | | Escort 17 – 21 Sep. Destroyer | |
| HMS P614 | | Escort 17 – 21 Sep. Submarine | |
| HMS P615 | | Escort 17 – 21 Sep. Submarine | |
| HMS Palomares | | Escort 13 – 26 Sep. Anti-aircraft artillery ship | |
| HMS Poppy (K213) | | Escort 13 – 26 Sep. Corvette | |
| HMS Pozarica | | Escort 23 – 26 Sep. Anti-aircraft ship | |
| Rathlin (1936) | | 1,600 | Rescue ship. Routed via Seidisfjord 23 Sep for stores |
| HMS Salamander (J86) | | Escort 13 Sep. Minesweeper | |
| Samuel Chase (1942) | | 7,191 | |
| HMS Scylla (98) | | Escort 17 – 20 Sep. Cruiser | |
| HMS Seagull (J85) | | Escort 13 – 25 Sep. Minesweeper | |
| HMS Sheffield (C24) | | Escort 14 – 22 Sep. Cruiser | |
| Silver Sword (1919) | | 4,937 | Sunk by U-255[13] on 20 Sep. 1 dead. Survivors picked up by Rathlin and Zamalek and landed at Glasgow. |
| HMS Somali (F33) | | Escort 17 – 20 Sep. Destroyer. Torpedoed by U-703[14] on 20 Sep. Crippled, the majority of the crew were rescued by HMS Lord Middleton (FY219), leaving a skeleton crew aboard. HMS Ashanti (G51) took the vessel in tow, but the line parted, she folded in half, capsized and sank. Only 35 of the skeleton crew survived. | |
| HMS Suffolk (55) | | Escort 14 – 22 Sep. Heavy cruiser | |
| HMS Tartar (F43) | | Escort 17 – 25 Sep. Destroyer | |
| Tobruk (1942) |  | 7,048 | |
| Troubador (1920) |  | 6,428 | |
| HMS Venomous (D75) | | Escort 14 – 22 Sep. Destroyer | |
| West Nilus (1920) | | 5,495 | |
| HMS Wheatland | | Escort 17 – 20 Sep. Destroyer | |
| HMS Wilton (L128) | | Escort 17 – 20 Sep. Destroyer | |
| HMS Windsor (D42) | | Escort – 20 Sep. World War I-era destroyer | |
| Winston-Salem (1920) | | 6,223 | Position Unknown, Lloyd's Confirm Slg |
| HMS Worcester (D96) | | Escort - 25 Sep. Destroyer | |
| Zamalek (1921) | | 1,567 | Rescue Ship, 61 Survivors, 4 Passengers |
References
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Heinrich Timm". German U-boats of WWII – uboat.net. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Reinhart Reche". German U-boats of WWII – uboat.net. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Heinz-Ehlert Clausen". German U-boats of WWII – uboat.net. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Reinhard von Hymmen". German U-boats of WWII – uboat.net. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Siegfried Strelow". German U-boats of WWII – uboat.net. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Carl Borm". German U-boats of WWII – uboat.net. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Heinz Bielfeld". German U-boats of WWII – uboat.net. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ↑ "Convoy QP.14". Arnold Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Bellingham - American steam merchant". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Grey Ranger - British fleet oiler". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "HMS Leda (J93) - British fleet minesweeper". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ocean Voice - British steam merchant". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Silver Sword - American steam merchant". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "HMS Somali (F33) - British Destroyer". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
Further reading
- Hague, Arnold (2000). The Allied Convoy System 1939–1945. ISBN 978-1-86176-147-7.
- Hinsley, F. H. (1994) [1993]. British Intelligence in the Second World War: Its Influence on Strategy and Operations. History of the Second World War (2nd rev. abr. ed.). London: HMSO. ISBN 978-0-11-630961-7.
- Richards, Denis; St G. Saunders, H. (1975) [1954]. Royal Air Force 1939–1945: The Fight Avails. History of the Second World War, Military Series. II (pbk. ed.). London: HMSO. ISBN 978-0-11-771593-6. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
- Roskill, S. W. (1962) [1956]. The Period of Balance. History of the Second World War: The War at Sea 1939–1945. II (3rd impr. ed.). London: HMSO. OCLC 174453986. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
- The Rise and Fall of the German Air Force (repr. Public Record Office War Histories ed.). Richmond, Surrey: Air Ministry. 2001 [1948]. ISBN 978-1-903365-30-4. Air 41/10.
- Woodman, Richard (2004) [1994]. Arctic Convoys 1941–1945. London: John Murray. ISBN 978-0-7195-5752-1.
External links
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