Operation Sportpalast
Operation Sportpalast was the first German attempt to disrupt an Allied Arctic convoy in early March 1942, targetting PQ 12 and QP 8 led by German battleship Tirpitz and its escorting destroyers.
Convoy PQ-12 sailed from Reykjavík for Murmansk on 1 March, escorted by the battlecruiser HMS Renown, the battleship HMS Duke of York, the cruiser HMS Kenya and six destroyers under command of Vice-Admiral Alban Curteis. Convoy QP-8 left Murmansk on the return route at about the same time, expecting to pass PQ-12 near Bear Island. Additional naval forces, the battleship HMS King George V, the aircraft carrier HMS Victorious, the cruiser HMS Berwick and six destroyers, sailed from Scapa Flow on 6 March to join Vice-Admiral Curteis near Jan Mayen Island.
Tirpitz left Fættenfjord on 5 March, in response to a report from a spotter plane and was joined by Admiral Otto Ciliax and an escort of three destroyers on the following day. In turn, the German movements were reported by a British submarine. Despite using her destroyers to sweep for the convoys, Tirpitz missed QP-8. A slow freighter, Izhora, was caught by the destroyers and sunk after reporting the attack.
The German and British forces and the two convoys managed to move around each other in the vicinity of Bear Island without meeting or being seen by spotter aircraft. Advice from German High Command and the British Admiralty added to the confusion of the commanders on the spot. Eventually, on 9 March, aircraft from Victorious spotted and shadowed the German flotilla, despite being attacked by Tirpitz's aircraft. The consequent air attacks were unsuccessful but encouraged the Germans to return to Norway. The two convoys reached port safely but the incident had demonstrated the threat that convoys faced. In March and April, 1942, RAF Bomber Command made three unsuccessful attacks on Tirpitz.