Community Climate System Model

The Community Climate System Model (CCSM) is a coupled global climate model (GCM) developed by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) with funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Department of Energy (DoE), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).[1] The coupled components include an atmospheric model (Community Atmosphere Model), a land-surface model (Community Land Model), an ocean model (Parallel Ocean Program), and a sea ice model (Community Sea Ice Model).[2] CCSM is maintained by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR).

Its software design assumes a physical/dynamical component of the climate system and, as a freely available community model, is designed to work on a variety of machine architectures powerful enough to run the model.[3] The CESM codebase is mostly public domain with some segregable components issued under open source and other licenses.[4] The offline chemical transport model has been described as "very efficient".[5]

The model includes four submodels (land, sea-ice, ocean and atmosphere) connected by a coupler that exchanges information with the submodels. NCAR suggested that because of this, CCSM cannot be considered a single climate model, but rather a framework for building and testing various climate models.[6]

Submodels

Ocean model (docn6)

The Climatological Data Ocean Model (docn) is recently at version 6.0. It must be run within the framework of CCSM rather than standalone.[6] It takes two netCDF datasets as input and sends six outputs to the coupler, to be integrated with the output of the other submodels.[7]

Atmosphere model (CAM)

The Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) can also be run as a standalone atmosphere model. Its most current version is 3.1, while 3.0 was the fifth generation. On May 17, 2002, its name was changed from the NCAR Community Climate Model to reflect its role in the new system.[8] It shares the same horizontal grid as the land model of CCSM: a 256×128 regular longitude/latitude global horizontal grid (giving a 1.4 degree resolution). It has 26 levels in the vertical.[9]

Development

The first version of CCSM was created in 1983 as the Community Climate Model (CCM). Over the next two decades it was steadily improved and was renamed CCSM after the Climate System Model (CSM) components were introduced in May 1996.[1] In June 2004 NCAR released the third version, which included new versions of all of the submodels. In 2007 this new version (commonly given the acronym CCSM3 or NCCCSM[10]) was used in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report,[11] alongside many others. In May 2010 NCAR released CCSM version 4 (CCSM4). On June 25, 2010 NCAR released the successor to CCSM, called the Community Earth System Model (CESM), version 1.0 (CESM1), as a unified code release that included CCSM4 as the code base for its atmospheric component.

References

  1. 1 2 Forrest Hoffman (2006). "Terrestrial biogeochemistry in the community climate system model (CCSM)" (PDF). Institute of Physics Publishing. Retrieved 2016-12-11.
  2. ↑ UCAR. "Overview of CCSM". UCAR. Retrieved 2016-12-11.
  3. ↑ John B. Drake (2005). "Overview of the Software Design of the Community Climate System Model". International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications. 19 (3): 177. doi:10.1177/1094342005056094. Retrieved 2016-12-11.
  4. ↑ Bruno Sanso. "SGER: Evaluation of Community Climate System Model (CCSM) Constituent Transport Variability". Archived from the original on 2011-07-16.
  5. 1 2 NCAR. "CCSM3 Ocean Model Overview". Retrieved 2016-12-11.
  6. ↑ NCAR. "docn6 User's Guide". Retrieved 2016-12-11.
  7. ↑ NCAR. "CAM User's Guide". Archived from the original on 2004-08-11.
  8. ↑ NCAR. "CCSM3.0 FAQs". Retrieved 2016-12-11.
  9. ↑ "Modelle & Daten model abbreviations". Max Planck Institute for Meteorology. Archived from the original on 2011-07-19.
  10. ↑ NCAR (2006). "NCAR 2006 Annual Report". NCAR. Retrieved 2016-12-11.
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