Climate of London
Sunrise over Regent Street, London
London[1], the capital of England and largest city in the United Kingdom, has a temperate oceanic climate, with cool to warm summers and cold winters. While the city annually has modest precipitation, there are long periods of overcast skies and frequent light mist-type precipitation, which may account for the rainy image of the city.
Within the current boundaries of Greater London, the coldest temperature ever measured was −16.1 °C (3.0 °F) at Northolt in January 1963, and the highest temperature ever recorded was 38.1 °C (100.6 °F), measured at Kew Gardens during the European Heat Wave of 2003. London averages about 1600 hours of sunshine annually. London's large built-up area creates a microclimate (an "urban heat island"), with heat stored by the city's buildings. Sometimes temperatures are 5 °C (9 °F) warmer in the city than in the surrounding areas.
Climate data tables
London Weather Centre
| Climate data for London Weather Centre, 2001-2014 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 9.9 (49.8) |
10.5 (50.9) |
14.7 (58.5) |
18.3 (64.9) |
22.4 (72.3) |
24.7 (76.5) |
25.6 (78.1) |
24.2 (75.6) |
22.6 (72.7) |
16.1 (61) |
11.9 (53.4) |
8.6 (47.5) |
17.5 (63.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.8 (44.2) |
6.8 (44.2) |
8.8 (47.8) |
12.0 (53.6) |
14.8 (58.6) |
18.3 (64.9) |
19.6 (67.3) |
19.4 (66.9) |
17.3 (63.1) |
13.5 (56.3) |
10.0 (50) |
7.0 (44.6) |
12.9 (55.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 5.0 (41) |
4.7 (40.5) |
5.8 (42.4) |
8.2 (46.8) |
10.9 (51.6) |
14.1 (57.4) |
15.5 (59.9) |
15.5 (59.9) |
13.7 (56.7) |
10.9 (51.6) |
8.0 (46.4) |
5.4 (41.7) |
9.8 (49.7) |
| Source #1: Weather Online [2] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: Tutiempo [3] | |||||||||||||
Heathrow - Airport Weather Station in the suburbs of West London
| Climate data for Heathrow Airport, elevation 25 m, 1981-2010, extremes 1948–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.0 (60.8) |
18.6 (65.5) |
22.8 (73) |
27.4 (81.3) |
31.8 (89.2) |
34.8 (94.6) |
36.7 (98.1) |
38.5 (101.3) |
31.3 (88.3) |
28.8 (83.8) |
18.6 (65.5) |
16.6 (61.9) |
38.5 (101.3) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 9.9 (49.8) |
10.6 (51.1) |
14.5 (58.1) |
18.6 (65.5) |
22.6 (72.7) |
24.2 (75.6) |
25.5 (77.9) |
24.5 (76.1) |
22.6 (72.7) |
16.1 (61) |
11.8 (53.2) |
8.4 (47.1) |
17.4 (63.4) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 2.3 (36.1) |
2.1 (35.8) |
3.9 (39) |
5.5 (41.9) |
8.7 (47.7) |
11.7 (53.1) |
13.9 (57) |
13.7 (56.7) |
11.4 (52.5) |
8.4 (47.1) |
4.9 (40.8) |
2.7 (36.9) |
7.4 (45.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −13.2 (8.2) |
−9.6 (14.7) |
−5.1 (22.8) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
1.5 (34.7) |
5.6 (42.1) |
5.9 (42.6) |
1.8 (35.2) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
−7 (19) |
−11.8 (10.8) |
−13.2 (8.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 55.2 (2.173) |
40.9 (1.61) |
41.6 (1.638) |
43.7 (1.72) |
49.4 (1.945) |
45.1 (1.776) |
44.5 (1.752) |
49.5 (1.949) |
49.1 (1.933) |
68.5 (2.697) |
59.0 (2.323) |
55.2 (2.173) |
601.7 (23.689) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 61.5 | 77.9 | 114.6 | 168.7 | 198.5 | 204.3 | 212.0 | 204.7 | 149.3 | 116.5 | 72.6 | 52.0 | 1,632.6 |
| Source #1: Met Office [4] | |||||||||||||
| Source #2: Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute [5] | |||||||||||||
Kew - Weather station in South West London, adjacent to the River Thames
| Climate data for Kew, 5m asl, 1981-2010, extremes 1901-present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.1 (61) |
18.5 (65.3) |
22.0 (71.6) |
26.7 (80.1) |
30.6 (87.1) |
34.2 (93.6) |
35.0 (95) |
38.1 (100.6) |
33.3 (91.9) |
27.8 (82) |
18.9 (66) |
15.7 (60.3) |
38.1 (100.6) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 9.9 (49.8) |
10.6 (51.1) |
14.6 (58.3) |
18.3 (64.9) |
22.3 (72.1) |
24.3 (75.7) |
25.3 (77.5) |
24.2 (75.6) |
22.6 (72.7) |
16.1 (61) |
11.3 (52.3) |
8.5 (47.3) |
17.3 (63.2) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 1.8 (35.2) |
1.7 (35.1) |
3.4 (38.1) |
4.7 (40.5) |
7.9 (46.2) |
10.8 (51.4) |
13.0 (55.4) |
12.7 (54.9) |
10.3 (50.5) |
7.4 (45.3) |
4.1 (39.4) |
2.1 (35.8) |
6.7 (44) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −12.8 (9) |
−11.7 (10.9) |
−8.3 (17.1) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
3.9 (39) |
2.1 (35.8) |
1.4 (34.5) |
−3.9 (25) |
−7.1 (19.2) |
−11.7 (10.9) |
−12.8 (9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 57.2 (2.252) |
41.9 (1.65) |
42.8 (1.685) |
45.3 (1.783) |
48.8 (1.921) |
49.3 (1.941) |
46.8 (1.843) |
51.2 (2.016) |
52.2 (2.055) |
69.7 (2.744) |
60.6 (2.386) |
56.6 (2.228) |
622.4 (24.504) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 59.8 | 79.9 | 118.2 | 173.3 | 205.3 | 203.6 | 218.4 | 211.1 | 146.4 | 117.2 | 70.6 | 49.6 | 1,653.4 |
| Source: Met Office [6] | |||||||||||||
Hampstead - Weather Station in North London
The weather station enclosure is the most elevated of any in the London area, and as a result daytime temperatures are typically one degree lower than Heathrow, Kew, Northolt and Greenwich.
| Climate data for Hampstead 137m asl 1981-2010, extremes 1960-present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.7 (60.3) |
18.3 (64.9) |
23.1 (73.6) |
26.6 (79.9) |
29.8 (85.6) |
33.7 (92.7) |
34.4 (93.9) |
37.4 (99.3) |
29.4 (84.9) |
28.3 (82.9) |
17.9 (64.2) |
15.3 (59.5) |
37.4 (99.3) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 8.7 (47.7) |
9.3 (48.7) |
13.6 (56.5) |
17.4 (63.3) |
20.9 (69.6) |
23.5 (74.3) |
24.6 (76.3) |
23.1 (73.6) |
19.4 (66.9) |
13.2 (55.8) |
10.3 (50.5) |
7.4 (45.3) |
16 (60.7) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 2.0 (35.6) |
1.7 (35.1) |
3.5 (38.3) |
5.0 (41) |
8.0 (46.4) |
10.9 (51.6) |
13.2 (55.8) |
13.1 (55.6) |
11.0 (51.8) |
8.1 (46.6) |
4.8 (40.6) |
2.5 (36.5) |
7 (44.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −10.8 (12.6) |
−12.2 (10) |
−6.9 (19.6) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
1.8 (35.2) |
5.6 (42.1) |
4.7 (40.5) |
2.4 (36.3) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
−5.8 (21.6) |
−8.4 (16.9) |
−12.2 (10) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 64.7 (2.547) |
46.6 (1.835) |
48.9 (1.925) |
51.5 (2.028) |
58.0 (2.283) |
54.2 (2.134) |
50.4 (1.984) |
64.4 (2.535) |
56.9 (2.24) |
77.7 (3.059) |
68.3 (2.689) |
62.9 (2.476) |
704.5 (27.735) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 57.5 | 76.4 | 107.1 | 151.6 | 192.2 | 191.0 | 199.9 | 193.0 | 140.8 | 109.9 | 69.4 | 51.6 | 1,540.4 |
| Source: Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute [7] | |||||||||||||
Northolt - Airfield Weather Station in the North West of London
Temperature extremes range from 37.7 °C (99.9 °F) in August 2003, down to −16.1 °C (3.0 °F) in January 1962.
| Climate data for Northolt, 38m asl, 1981-2010 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 9.4 (48.9) |
10.1 (50.2) |
14.2 (57.6) |
18.0 (64.4) |
22.1 (71.8) |
24.3 (75.7) |
25.3 (77.5) |
24.0 (75.2) |
21.8 (71.2) |
16.2 (61.2) |
11.0 (51.8) |
8.2 (46.8) |
17.1 (62.7) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 1.7 (35.1) |
1.5 (34.7) |
3.4 (38.1) |
4.8 (40.6) |
8.0 (46.4) |
10.9 (51.6) |
13.2 (55.8) |
12.9 (55.2) |
10.5 (50.9) |
7.6 (45.7) |
4.1 (39.4) |
2.1 (35.8) |
6.7 (44.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 58.2 (2.291) |
43.2 (1.701) |
45.5 (1.791) |
45.8 (1.803) |
56.0 (2.205) |
47.5 (1.87) |
45.3 (1.783) |
51.3 (2.02) |
50.6 (1.992) |
72.2 (2.843) |
64.9 (2.555) |
59.0 (2.323) |
639.5 (25.177) |
| Source: Met Office [8] | |||||||||||||
Greenwich - Weather Station in East London located near the river Thames
Highest temperature: 38.4 C (101.17 F) Lowest temperature: -16.0 C (3.2 F)
| Climate data for London (Greenwich), 7m asl, 1981-2010 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 9.9 (49.8) |
10.8 (51.4) |
15.0 (59) |
18.8 (65.8) |
22.9 (73.2) |
24.5 (76.1) |
25.7 (78.3) |
24.4 (75.9) |
22.8 (73) |
17.0 (62.6) |
11.4 (52.5) |
8.6 (47.5) |
17.7 (63.8) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 2.6 (36.7) |
2.4 (36.3) |
4.1 (39.4) |
5.4 (41.7) |
8.4 (47.1) |
11.5 (52.7) |
13.9 (57) |
13.7 (56.7) |
11.2 (52.2) |
8.3 (46.9) |
5.1 (41.2) |
2.8 (37) |
7.5 (45.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 51.6 (2.031) |
38.2 (1.504) |
40.5 (1.594) |
45.0 (1.772) |
46.5 (1.831) |
47.3 (1.862) |
41.1 (1.618) |
51.6 (2.031) |
50.4 (1.984) |
68.8 (2.709) |
58.0 (2.283) |
53.0 (2.087) |
592 (23.306) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 60.1 | 80.2 | 107.1 | 159.0 | 181.1 | 190.2 | 192.3 | 207.9 | 158.9 | 128.1 | 72.5 | 47.2 | 1,584.6 |
| Source: Met Office [9] | |||||||||||||
See also
References
- ↑ "London", Wikipedia, 2018-09-23, retrieved 2018-09-25
- ↑ "London Weather Centre analysis". Weather Online. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
- ↑ "climate: Climate London Weather Centre". Tutiempo. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
- ↑ "Climate Normals 1981-2010". MetOffice. November 2012. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
- ↑ "Climate Normals 1971–2000". Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. Retrieved 23 February 2011.
- ↑ "Kew 1981-2010 averages". Met Office. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
- ↑ "Hampstead 1971-2000". Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
- ↑ "Kew 1981-2010 averages". Met Office. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
- ↑ "Greenwich 1981–2010 averages". Met Office. Archived from the original on 27 October 2012. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
External links
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