Claudia Antonia

Claudia Antonia
Statue from the Domvs Romana in Melite, Malta
Born AD 30
Died AD 66
Spouse Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix
Issue son
House Julio-Claudian Dynasty
Father Claudius
Mother Aelia Paetina
Roman imperial dynasties
Julio-Claudian dynasty
Chronology
Augustus 27 BC – 14 AD
Tiberius 14–37 AD
Caligula 37–41 AD
Claudius 41–54 AD
Nero 54–68 AD
Family
Gens Julia
Gens Claudia
Julio-Claudian family tree
Category:Julio-Claudian dynasty
Succession
Preceded by
Roman Republic		 Followed by
Year of the Four Emperors

Claudia Antonia (Classical Latin: ANTONIA•CLAUDII•CAESARIS•FILIA[1]) (c. AD 30–AD 66) was the daughter and oldest surviving child of the Roman Emperor Claudius and the only child of his second wife Aelia Paetina. Antonia was a great great-niece of the Emperor Augustus, great-niece of the Emperor Tiberius, first cousin of the Emperor Caligula, half-sister to Claudia Octavia and Britannicus (her father's children by his third marriage to Valeria Messalina), and cousin, stepsister and sister-in-law of the Emperor Nero.

Childhood and first marriage

Until 37, she was raised by her paternal grandmother Antonia Minor (who died that year). From then until 43, she was raised by her father, who became Roman Emperor in 41. In 43, she first married Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, a descendant of Pompeia (daughter of Pompey the Great). His parents were consul Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi and Scribonia. According to Suetonius Pompeius was stabbed to death several years later (AD 46/47), when he was caught in bed with a favorite boy. Cassius Dio states that Antonia's stepmother Empress Valeria Messalina ordered his execution out of fear that Pompeius might become a rival to her son Britannicus. The death of Pompeius left Antonia free to marry Messalina's half-brother Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix.

Second marriage and death

Faustus Sulla and Antonia married in 47. They had a son who was frail and died before his second birthday. In 58, Faustus Sulla was exiled, and in 62 he was murdered at the order of the Emperor Nero. In 65, Tacitus records the rumour that Gaius Calpurnius Piso intended to marry Antonia, as an element of his conspiracy against Nero.

After the death of the Empress Poppaea Sabina, Nero's second wife, Nero asked Antonia to marry him. When Antonia refused, Nero had her charged with an attempt of rebellion and executed. She was the last living grandchild of Nero Claudius Drusus and Antonia Minor, from whom Nero also was descended but one generation more distantly (i.e. their great-grandchild).

Ancestry

Notes

  1. ↑ E. Groag, A. Stein, L. Petersen - e.a. (edd), Prosopographia Imperii Romani saeculi I, II et III, Berlin, 1933 - A 886

References

Biography

  • E. Groag, A. Stein, L. Petersen - e.a. (edd.), Prosopographia Imperii Romani saeculi I, II et III, Berlin, 1933 - . (PIR2)
  • Levick, Barbara, Claudius, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1990.
  • Barrett, Anthony A., Agrippina: Sex, Power and Politics in the Early Roman Empire, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1996.
  • Griffin, Miriam, Nero. The End of a Dynasty, Batsford, London, 1984

In Literature

  • Antonia briefly appears in Robert Graves' novel Claudius the God, in the story she reveals that her first marriage with Gnaeus Pompey was never properly consummated in the two years they lived together, instead he forced her to take part in unnatural sexual practices. Claudius, outraged by this mistreatment of his daughter, orders Pompey's death (the only moment that he orders death for personal grievances). Antonia is surprised by this act as she thought her father cared more for his children with Messalina. Antonia and Pompey are omitted entirely in the 1976 television adaptation.

Portraiture

  • Poulsen, Vagn, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek. Les portraits romains I: République et dynastie julienne, Copenhagen, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, 1962, 111 Nr. 74 Taf. 128 ff.
  • Boschung, Dietrich, Überlegungen zum Liciniergrab, JdI 101, 1986, pp. 257–287.
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