Celosia

Celosia
Celosia spicata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Clade:Angiosperms
Clade:Eudicots
Order:Caryophyllales
Family:Amaranthaceae
Subfamily:Amaranthoideae
Tribe:Celosieae
Genus:Celosia
L.[1]

Celosia /siːˈloʊʃiə/[2] is a small genus of edible and ornamental plants in the amaranth family, Amaranthaceae. The generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek word κήλεος (kḗleos), meaning "burning,"[3] and refers to the flame-like flower heads. Species are commonly known as woolflowers, or, if the flower heads are crested by fasciation, cockscombs.[4] The plants are well known in East Africa’s highlands and are used under their Swahili name, mfungu.

Uses

As a garden plant

The plant is an annual. Seed production in these species can be very high, 200–700 kg per hectare. One ounce of seed may contain up to 43,000 seeds. One thousand seeds can weigh 1.0-1.2 grams. Depending upon the location and fertility of the soil, blossoms can last 8–10 weeks.

C. argentea and C. cristata are common garden ornamental plants.

As food

Celosia argentea var. argentea or Lagos spinach (a.k.a. quail grass, Soko, Celosia, feather cockscomb) is a broadleaf annual leaf vegetable. It grows widespread across Mexico, where it is known as "Velvet flower", northern South America, tropical Africa, the West Indies, South, East and Southeast Asia where it is grown as a native or naturalized wildflower, and is cultivated as a nutritious leafy green vegetable. It is traditional fare in the countries of Central and West Africa, and is one of the leading leafy green vegetables in Nigeria, where it is known as ‘soko yokoto’, meaning "make husbands fat and happy".[5] In Spain it is known as "Rooster comb" because of its appearance.

As a grain, Cockscomb is a pseudo-cereal, not a true cereal.

These leaves, young stems and young inflorescences are used for stew, as they soften up readily in cooking. The leaves also have a soft texture and a mild spinach-like taste. They are also pepped up with such things as hot pepper, garlic, fresh lime, and red palm oil and eaten as a side dish.

Flower of Celosia cristata
Woolflower or Cockscomb -- Celosia plumosa

Cultivation

Silver Cockscomb Celosia argentea in Tirunelveli, India

Despite its African origin (a claim that is not without dispute), celosia is known as a foodstuff in Indonesia and India. Moreover, in the future it might become more widely eaten, especially in the hot and malnourished regions of the equatorial zone. In that regard, it has already been hailed as the often-wished-for vegetable that “grows like a weed without demanding all the tender loving care that other vegetables seem to need” says Martin Price of Florida. He continues "“Every place I have tried it, it grows with no work. We have had no disease problems and very little insect damage. It reseeds itself abundantly and new plants have come up in the immediate vicinity.”[6]

Works well in humid areas and is the most-used leafy plant in Nigeria. It grows in the wet season and grows well while other plants succumb to mold and other diseases like mildew. Though a very simple plant, Celosia does need moderate soil moisture.

Selected species

Formerly placed here

  • Chamissoa altissima (Jacq.) Kunth (as C. tomentosa Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult.)
  • Deeringia amaranthoides (Lam.) Merr. (as C. baccata Retz.)
  • Deeringia polysperma (Roxb.) Moq. (as C. polysperma Roxb.)
  • Iresine diffusa Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. (as C. paniculata L.)[8]

Images

References

  1. ↑ "Genus: Celosia L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2001-08-07. Retrieved 2011-01-30.
  2. ↑ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
  3. ↑ κήλεος. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project
  4. ↑ Wikisource Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cock's-comb". Encyclopædia Britannica. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 628.
  5. ↑ Yarger, Larry. "Lagos Spinach" (PDF). ECHO. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
  6. ↑ See further information at Lost Crops of Africa: Volume II: Vegetables
  7. ↑ "Celosia". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2011-01-30.
  8. 1 2 "GRIN Species Records of Celosia". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2011-01-30.
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