Catalan declaration of independence

Declaration of independence of Catalonia
Page 1 of the Declaration
Presented 10 October 2017
Ratified 27 October 2017
Date effective Not effective
Repealed Effectively unenforceable under the Article 155 of Spanish Constitution
Signatories 72 of the 135 members of the Parliament of Catalonia
Purpose Unilateral declaration of independence of Catalonia as a sovereign republic from Spain

The Catalan declaration of independence (Catalan: Declaració d'independència de Catalunya; Spanish: Declaración de independencia de Cataluña) was a resolution that was passed by the Parliament of Catalonia on 27 October 2017, which declared the independence of Catalonia from Spain and the founding of an independent Catalan Republic. The declaration did not receive recognition from the international community.

On 10 October, in the aftermath of the 1 October 2017 Catalan independence referendum, a document establishing Catalonia as an independent republic was signed by the members of Catalonia's pro-independence parliamentary majority.[1][2][3] The same document was voted for on 27 October by a majority of 70 out of 135 MPs in a plenary session (10 voted against, 2 abstained and 53 had left the Parliament before the voting as a sign of protest).[4]

Fifty-three MPs from the opposition refused to be present during the 27 October voting, after the legal services of the Catalan Parliament advised that the voting could not take place as the law on which it was based had been suspended by the Spanish Constitutional Court.[5][6]

A few hours later, Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy of Spain dismissed Catalan President Carles Puigdemont and his cabinet, and called for fresh Catalan elections on 21 December 2017.[7] The Deputy Prime Minister of Spain Soraya Sáenz de Santamaría was assigned to be the acting president of Catalonia until the December elections.[8]

Timeline

10 October: Signing and suspension

Puigdemont's address

Puigdemont before the Parliament of Catalonia on 10 October 2017
Carles Puigdemont's address led to mass confusion on whether Catalonia declared independence on 10 October or not.

The Law on the Referendum on Self-determination of Catalonia contained the provision that, in case of an outcome in favour of independence, independence was to be declared within 48 hours after all votes were counted. Catalan President Carles Puigdemont confirmed this on October 3 during an exclusive interview with the BBC, saying "we are going to declare independence 48 hours after all official results are counted".[9] Final results were published by the Catalan government on October 6,[10] and Puigdemont announced he would formally address the Parliament on October 10.

Puigdemont was widely expected to declare the independence of Catalonia, which led to worldwide coverage of the parliament session.

After saying that he considered the referendum valid and binding, Puigdemont chose to use the wording "I assume the mandate of the people for Catalonia to become an independent state in the shape of a republic", before adding that he would "ask Parliament to suspend the effects of the declaration of independence so that in the coming weeks we can undertake a dialogue".

Disappointment among pro-independence demonstrators after Carles Puigdemont's "suspension" of the declaration of independence

The speech left observers bewildered as they struggled to understand whether Puigdemont had just declared independence.[11][12] While some commentators stated that independence had just been declared and put on hold,[13][14] others stated that the declaration of independence had been postponed.[2][15][16][17]

After Puigdemont's speech, a document titled "Declaration from the representatives of Catalonia" declaring Catalonia's independence was signed publicly[18] by the members of parliament of the pro-independence political parties in the auditorium of the Parliament. The document, titled "Declaration from the representatives of Catalonia", sought to establish Catalonia as an independent state, and called on the international community to recognize it. It was read publicly, but it was not voted or published on the Catalan government's official journal.[19]

Spanish government's reaction

The immediate reaction from the Spanish government was that "it was inadmissible to declare independence implicitly and suspend it explicitly". Minister of Justice Rafael Catalá called it a "non-declaration of independence".[20]

Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy gave a short news conference on the following day, giving Puigdemont five days to confirm whether he had declared Catalonia’s independence or not.[21] Were the answer to be affirmative, the document provided another deadline ending on Thursday, October 19, allowing for Catalan authorities to rectify and prevent the application of Section 155 of the Spanish Constitution, which would authorise Madrid to temporarily take over Catalonia’s internal affairs.

According to Spain's Minister of Foreign Affairs Alfonso Dastis, the written declaration was legally void, as it was not voted and it was signed outside of a parliamentary session.[22]

27 October: Unilateral declaration of independence

Pro-independence mayors supporting the Declaration of Independence on 27 October in the Parliament of Catalonia

On 27 October 2017, a resolution based on the "Declaration of the representatives of Catalonia" declaring the independence of Catalonia was voted in the Parliament and was approved with 70 votes in favor, 10 against, and 2 blank votes.[23][24] Fifty-three MPs from the opposition refused to be present during the voting after the legal services of the Catalan Parliament advised that the voting could not take place, as the law on which it was based had been suspended by the Spanish Constitutional Court.[6] The two pro-independence parties, JxSí and CUP, had 72 seats, and the vote in favour of independence obtained 70.[25]

30–31 October: Suspending declaration of independence

On 30 October, Parliament Speaker Carme Forcadell called off a parliamentary meeting scheduled for the next day because the chamber "had been dissolved", thus acknowledging Mariano Rajoy's order.[26] Later that day, it transpired that Puigdemont and part of his dismissed cabinet had fled to Belgium in a move to avoid action from the Spanish judiciary,[27][28] as the Spanish Attorney General José Manuel Maza announced a criminal complaint against them for rebellion, sedition and embezzlement.[29][30] Concurrently, lack of civil unrest and work resuming as normal throughout Catalonia showed signs that direct rule from Madrid had taken hold, with Spanish authorities reasserting administrative control over Catalan territory with little resistance.[31][32]

By 31 October, the declaration of independence was fully suspended by the Constitutional Court of Spain and the dismissed Catalan government accepted the elections proposed by Mariano Rajoy.[33] Puigdemont and part of his cabinet fled to Belgium in a self-imposed exile to avoid being prosecuted by the Spanish judiciary,[27][32] having been formally accused of rebellion, sedition and embezzlement by the Spanish Attorney General.[29][30]

Consequences

On 2 November, the judge Carmen Lamela of the Spanish National Court ordered that eight members of the deposed Catalan government including the ex-vice-president Oriol Junqueras be remanded in custody without bail. Additionally, Santi Vila, who was the Business Minister that resigned over the unilateral declaration of independence, was granted a €50,000 bail. The prosecution requested issuing European Arrest Warrants for Puigdemont and four other members who left Catalonia for Brussels shortly after the declaration.[34][35]

The Catalan elections were held on 21 December and parties supporting independence again won a majority.[36]

On 23 March 2018, Spanish Judge Llarena jailed five more Catalan ministers.[37] On 25 March, Puigdemont was detained in Germany but released some days later, after the state court in Schleswig rejected extraditing him for rebellion.[38][39][40]

International reactions

Catalan independence has received no recognition from any sovereign nation. However, the partially recognized, non-UN-member states Abkhazia and South Ossetia claimed they were willing to offer formal recognition should they receive a request to do so from the Catalan government.[41][42]

Supranational organisations

  •  European Union – On 27 October, Donald Tusk, President of the European Council, declared: "For EU nothing changes. Spain remains our only interlocutor."[43] The President of the European Parliament, Antonio Tajani, also stated: "The declaration of independence voted on today in the Catalan Parliament is a breach of the rule of law, the Spanish constitution and the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia, which are part of the EU's legal framework. No one in the European Union will recognise this declaration. More than ever, it is necessary to re-establish legality as a basis for dialogue and to guarantee the freedoms and rights of all Catalan citizens."[44]
  •  United Nations – United Nations Secretary General António Guterres calls on the Spanish authorities and the Catalan government to seek for solutions to the current crisis within the framework of the Spanish constitution, UN Deputy Spokesman Farhan Haq told reporters on 27 October. "We are trying to follow up on the developments. For now the Secretary General encourages all concerned to seek solutions within the framework of the Spanish constitution and through established political and legal channels," he said.[45]

UN security council permanent member states

  •  China – China's foreign ministry spokesperson Hua Chunying has stated: "China's stance on this issue is consistent and clear. China regards it as a domestic affair of Spain and understands and supports the Spanish government's effort to maintain national unity, ethnic solidarity and territorial integrity."[46]
  •  France – President Emmanuel Macron has stated that his country's "only interlocutor" with Spain is the Spanish Prime Minister, Mariano Rajoy, and stressed that the situation in the region of Catalonia is a "domestic affair" of Spain.[47]
  •  Russia – Foreign Ministry spokeswoman María Zakharova has pointed out that Russia's position on the situation in Catalonia "has not changed" and "remains the same", in reference to what it considers a domestic Spanish issue.[48]
  •  United Kingdom – The Prime Minister's spokesperson stated, "The UK does not and will not recognise the Unilateral Declaration of Independence made by the Catalan regional parliament. It is based on a vote that was declared illegal by the Spanish courts. We continue to want to see the rule of law upheld, the Spanish Constitution respected, and Spanish unity preserved."[49]
  •  United States – The U.S. State Department stated: "Catalonia is an integral part of Spain, and the United States supports the Spanish government's constitutional measures to keep Spain strong and united".[50]

Other UN member states

  •  Andorra – Government of Andorra considers that Catalonia continues to be an integral part of Spain and appeals for dialogue to resolve the situation.[51]
  •  Argentina – The Argentine Government, through its Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship, does not recognize and rejects the declaration of independence proclaimed by the Parliament of Catalonia.[52]
  •  Belgium – Belgian Prime Minister Charles Michel stated, "A political crisis can only be resolved through dialogue. We demand a peaceful solution that respects national and international order."[53]
  •  Brazil – Brazil's Ministry of Foreign Affairs on Saturday, 28 October 2017, rejected Catalonia's unilateral declaration of independence, calling for the "preservation of unity in the Kingdom of Spain."[54]
  •  Bulgaria – Bulgarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that "respects the constitutional order of the Kingdom of Spain, the rule of law and the principles of the rule of law as fundamental values of the European Union (EU) and all its members. We support the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Spain, which is our strategic partner".[55]
  •  Canada – Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau stated that Canada only recognises one united Spain and called for talks to be held in a peaceful fashion.[56]
  •  Chile – Chile's Foreign Minister Heraldo Muñoz has assured that his country will support the territorial integrity of Spain.[57]
  •  Colombia – Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos ratified his country's support for the territorial integrity of Spain and the Spanish Government, before the declaration of independence of Catalonia.[58]
  •  Croatia – Croatian Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs stated that "Croatia regards the events in Catalonia as a matter of Spain's internal affairs, and supports democratic and peaceful solutions in accordance with European values".[59]
  •  Ecuador – Ecuadorian Chancellery stated: "Ecuador calls for a solution to the situation in Catalonia through dialogue, within the framework of the Constitution, the law and the Spanish rule of law, with full respect for the freedoms and rights of all the Spanish citizens."[60]
  •  Estonia – Estonian prime minister Jüri Ratas stated "Estonia supports the territorial integrity and unity of Spain. Internal affairs must be solved according to their constitution and laws."[61]
  •  Germany – the German government stated, "The Federal Government does not recognise the unilateral declaration of independence" of the Catalan parliament and expressed concern about the declaration causing "renewed aggravation of the situation."[62]
  •  Georgia – The President of Georgia stated "Georgia fully supports the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Kingdom of Spain and stands in solidarity [with] the Spanish Government," in response to the declaration of independence.[63]
  •  Hungary – Foreign Minister Péter Szijjártó stated Catalonia's declaration of independence is a "matter of Spanish internal affairs". He added the Government of Hungary "hopes that the situation is resolved as soon as possible in accordance with Spain’s constitutional regulations".[64]
  •  India – The Government of India stated that "Catalonia should address issues of identity and culture within Spain's constitutional framework & respect national integrity"[65]
  •  Indonesia – Indonesia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that Indonesia does not recognize the unilateral declaration of independence by Catalonia."[66]
  •  Ireland – The Department of Foreign Affairs issued a statement "We are all concerned about the crisis in Catalonia. Ireland respects the constitutional and territorial integrity of Spain and we do not accept or recognise the Catalan Unilateral Declaration of Independence."[67]
  •  Italy – The foreign minister declared that Italy has not and will not recognise an independent Catalonia.[68]
  •  Israel - Israel reportedly initially considered refusing to support Spain against Catalan independence, but ultimately issued a statement saying "Israel hopes that the internal crisis in Spain will be resolved quickly and peacefully and through broad national consensus."[69][70][71]
  •  Jamaica – The Jamaican Government has declared that it does not recognise the declaration of independence of Catalonia as it supports a united Spain. The Government made its position known through the release of a statement by Foreign Affairs Minister Senator Kamina Johnson Smith.[72]
  •  Japan – The Government of Japan has expressed its support for the application of article 155 of the Spanish Constitution before the crisis in Catalonia, and has relied on the situation to be resolved "in a peaceful manner" and in accordance with the Spanish national legislation.[73]
  •  Lithuania – Foreign Minister Linas Antanas Linkevičius stated in a radio interview that Lithuania supports Spain's territorial integrity and called for dialogue.[74]
  •  Malaysia – The Ministry of Foreign Affairs tweeted on 1 November that "Malaysia does not recognise Catalonia's unilateral declaration of independence and respects the territorial integrity of Spain".[75]
  •  Malta – Malta does not recognise Catalonia's declaration of independence and will continue to respect the territorial integrity of Spain, the Foreign Affairs Ministry said.[76]
  •  Morocco – Morocco rejects the unilateral process of the independence of Catalonia, and expresses its attachment to Spain's "sovereignty and territorial integrity"[77] (despite the fact that Morocco claims a few minor parts of Spain).
  •  Mexico – President Enrique Peña Nieto has stated that Mexico will not recognize the unilateral declaration of independence of Catalonia. Mexico hopes for a peaceful and political solution.[78]
  •  Norway - Foreign Minister Ine Marie Eriksen Søreide tweeted "Norway will not recognize unilateral declaration of Catalan independence. Re-establish legality as basis for dialogue".[79]
  •  Paraguay – Paraguayan Chancellery stated: "Paraguay advocates respect for the constitutional order and the rule of law in Spain." "In view of the new events in Catalonia, Kingdom of Spain, the Government of the Republic of Paraguay, through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, urges respect and unrestricted adherence to the rule of law, as it is enshrined in the Spanish Constitution, guarantor of the unity and the democratic rights."[80]
  •  Peru – Peruvian Chancellery stated: "In view of the events that occurred in Catalonia, the Government of Peru reiterates its rejection of any act or unilateral declaration of independence, as it is an action contrary to the Spanish Constitution and laws."[81]
  •  Poland – The Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that "Poland fully respects the principles of sovereignty, territorial integrity, and unity of the Kingdom of Spain. We believe that solving the dispute between the government of the Kingdom of Spain and Catalonia, just like any disputes between the Kingdom of Spain and its autonomous regions, including separatist tendencies, are an internal affair of the Kingdom of Spain. We hope that the situation in Catalonia will stabilise quickly in observance of the constitution of the Kingdom of Spain".[82]
  •  Portugal – The Portuguese government asserted that Portugal will not recognize the unilateral Declaration of Independence issued by the government of Catalonia.[83]
  •  Romania – In a press statement, the Romanian Foreign Ministry reaffirmed the country's strong support for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Spain, rejecting firmly Catalonia's "unilateral declaration of independence", and stressing that "Romania is in favor of the respect of the international law, which does not allow for territorial changes without the consent of the state concerned".[84]
  •  Serbia – Foreign Minister Ivica Dačić stated, "Serbia supports the territorial integrity of Spain and this act contradicts the Spanish constitutional system. Unlike how other countries have reacted to the Kosovo unilateral declaration of independence – Serbia firmly rejects any similar acts anywhere in the world, including Catalonia."[85]
  •  Slovenia – The foreign ministry issued a statement "reiterating its position in saying that it advocated the right of nations for self-determination, which must be expressed and executed democratically, in a lawful way, and in accordance with the Spanish legislation and international law."[86]
  •  Sri Lanka – Sri Lanka's Foreign Affairs Ministry said that Sri Lanka unequivocally supports the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Kingdom of Spain, and considers Catalonia as an integral part of Spain.[87]
  •  Turkey – In a statement, the Turkish Foreign Ministry says that the unilateral declaration of independence "does not represent a step in the right direction" and "does not reflect the will of the people of Spain and the region." "We consider fundamental to respect the territorial integrity of Spain, together with the Constitution and the will of the Spanish people," the text added.[88]
  •  Ukraine – Ukraine's Foreign Minister Pavlo Klimkin stated, "Ukraine supports the state sovereignty and territorial integrity of Spain within its internationally recognized borders."[89]
  •  Vietnam – Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Lê Thị Thu Hằng stated: "This is the internal work of Spain and should be resolved on the basis of respect for the constitution and the law, for the unity and stability of Spain".[90]

Non UN-member states and UN observer states

  • Abkhazia Abkhazia has stated that it may recognise Catalan independence if requested by the Catalan government.[91]
  • Republic of Artsakh The Foreign Ministry of the Republic of Artsakh issued a statement of support, saying "We consider it important that the resolution of the political crisis between Barcelona and Madrid is achieved by exclusively peaceful means, through dialogue."[92]
  • South Ossetia South Ossetia has expressed willingness in considering a formal recognition should they receive such a request from the Catalan government.[94]
  • Taiwan Taiwan stated that it "hopes for peaceful dialogue between central and regional governments of Spain to resolve the Catalonia issue."[95]

Regional governments

  •  Belgium
  •  Canada
    •  Quebec: Philippe Couillard, the Premier of Quebec, condemned the violence in Barcelona and encouraged dialogue between both sides.[97] The National Assembly of Quebec unanimously passed a motion on 4 October 2017 condemning Spain's "authoritarianism" and called for the Spanish and Catalan governments to enter international mediation if they could not reach a peaceful solution.[98]
  •  France
  •  Italy
  •  United Kingdom
    •  Scotland: Cabinet Secretary for External Affairs Fiona Hyslop said: "We understand and respect the position of the Catalan Government. While Spain has the right to oppose independence, the people of Catalonia must have the ability to determine their own future. The imposition of direct rule cannot be the solution and should be of concern to democrats everywhere. The European Union has a political and moral responsibility to support dialogue to identify how the situation can be resolved peacefully and democratically."[102]
    •  Wales: First Minister of Wales Carwyn Jones said in a statement: "Sadly what we've seen in recent few weeks has been a worrying cycle of escalation, intimidation and brinkmanship, when what this situation needs is dialogue and diplomacy. It is surely in the interests of all people in Catalonia and the whole of Spain to make a lasting settlement based on mutual respect".[103]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Badcock, James; Crisp, James (10 October 2017). "Catalan leader puts declaration of independence on hold to allow time for talks". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
  2. 1 2 "Catalan President Signs Declaration Of Independence, But Will Seek Talks With Madrid". huffingtonpost.co.uk. 10 October 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
  3. ↑ "Catalan leader signs declaration document". euronews.com. 10 October 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
  4. ↑ Jones, Sam; Burgen, Stephen; Graham-Harrison, Emma (28 October 2017). "Spain dissolves Catalan parliament and calls fresh elections". The Guardian.
  5. ↑ Alandete, David (27 October 2017). "Análisis | Is Catalonia independent?". El País.
  6. 1 2 Piñol, Pere Ríos, Àngels (27 October 2017). "El Parlament de Cataluña aprueba la resolución para declarar la independencia". El País (in Spanish).
  7. ↑ "Spanish PM dissolves Catalan parliament". BBC News. 27 October 2017.
  8. ↑ "Declaración de Independencia Cataluña: Rajoy delega en Soraya Sáenz de Santamaría la Presidencia de la Generalitat". El Mundo. 2017-10-25. Retrieved 2017-10-29.
  9. ↑ "Catalonia leader: "We're going to declare independence 48 hours after official results are counted"". youtube.com. 4 October 2017. Retrieved 13 October 2017.
  10. ↑ "Final tally of the referendum: 90,18% Yes votes on a 43% turnout". ara.cat. 6 October 2017. Retrieved 13 October 2017.
  11. ↑ Minder, Raphael; Kingsley, Patrick (10 October 2017). "In Catalonia, a Declaration of Independence From Spain (Sort of)". Nytimes.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
  12. ↑ País, El (11 October 2017). "¿Ha declarado Puigdemont la independencia?". elpais.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
  13. ↑ "Puigdemont declara la independencia de Cataluña pero la deja en suspenso para abrir un periodo de diálogo". larazon.es. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
  14. ↑ Baquero, Miquel Noguer, Camilo S. (11 October 2017). "Puigdemont prolonga la tensión con una secesión en diferido". elpais.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
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  16. ↑ CNN, Ray Sanchez and Natalie Gallón,. "Catalonia's president delays split from Spain". cnn.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
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  24. ↑ "Catalan Parliament Votes for Independence From Spain". NBC4 Washington.
  25. ↑ "El independentismo supera la mayoría absoluta pero no alcanza el 50% de los votos". Eldiario.es. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  26. ↑ "Forcadell desconvoca la reunión de la Mesa del martes porque el Parlament "se ha disuelto"". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 30 October 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  27. 1 2 Cortizo, Gonzalo (30 October 2017). "Puigdemont y parte de su gobierno se refugian en Bélgica para evitar a la justicia española". eldiario.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  28. ↑ "Catalan leader Carles Puigdemont has fled the country amid rebellion charges". The Independent. Brussels. 30 October 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
  29. 1 2 Guindal, Carlota (30 October 2017). "La Fiscalía se querella contra Puigdemont y el Govern por rebelión y sedición". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  30. 1 2 Jones, Sam (30 October 2017). "Spanish prosecutor calls for rebellion charges against Catalan leaders". The Guardian. Barcelona. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  31. ↑ Tadeo, Maria; Strauss, Marine; Duarte, Esteban (30 October 2017). "Catalonia Bows to Spanish Authority as Rajoy's Strategy Prevails". Bloomberg. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  32. 1 2 "Work resumes normally in Catalonia as Spain enforces direct rule". Barcelona, Madrid. Reuters. 30 October 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  33. ↑ "Suspendida la declaración de independencia de Cataluña". www.huffingtonpost.es. 31 October 2017.
  34. ↑ "Catalan ex-ministers held by Spain court". BBC News. 2 November 2017.
  35. ↑ Jones, Sam (2 November 2017). "Spanish judge jails eight members of former Catalan government". The Guardian.
  36. ↑ "Separatist parties in Spain's Catalonia win majority in election". CNN. 22 December 2017.
  37. ↑ "Spanish Judge Jails 5 Catalan Leaders in a Blow to Secessionist Movement". 23 March 2018.
  38. ↑ "Catalan president Puigdemont detained in Germany, sparking massive protests". Daily Sabah. 25 March 2018.
  39. ↑ "Germany refuses to extradite Catalonia's Puigdemont on rebellion charges". Independent. 5 April 2018.
  40. ↑ "Puigdemont Cannot Be Extradited on Rebellion Charge, German Court Rules". New York Times. 5 April 2018.
  41. ↑ "Abkhazia is ready to consider recognizing the independence of Catalonia". rusreality.com. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
  42. ↑ "South Ossetia Ready to Consider Recognition of Catalonia's Independence – FM". Sputnik. 28 October 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
  43. ↑ Tusk, Donald (27 October 2017). "For EU nothing changes. Spain remains our only interlocutor. I hope the Spanish government favours force of argument, not argument of force". @eucopresident. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
  44. ↑ "European Parliament President statement on the situation in Catalonia | The President | European Parliament". europarl.europa.eu. Brussels. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
  45. ↑ "UN calls for resolving Catalonia crisis within framework of Spanish constitution". Tass.com. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
  46. ↑ "China supports Spanish unity amid Catalan independence declaration". Xinhua. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  47. ↑ "Catalogne : Emmanuel Macron apporte son "plein soutien" à Mariano Rajoy (Europe1)". 27 October 2017.
  48. ↑ "Позиция Москвы по вопросу Каталонии осталась неизменной". 27 October 2017.
  49. ↑ "Statement on the Unilateral Declaration of Independence made by the Catalan regional parliament". Retrieved 2017-10-27.
  50. ↑ Smith-Spark, Laura; Rebaza, Claudia (27 October 2017). "Catalonia votes to declare split from Spain". CNN.
  51. ↑ "El Govern considera que Catalunya continua essent una part integrant d'Espanya i apel·la al diàleg per resoldre la situació". 27 October 2017.
  52. ↑ "Argentina y la situación en Cataluña II". Mrecic.gov.ar. 27 October 2017.
  53. ↑ "Official witter account of Charles Michel". Twitter.com. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  54. ↑ "Brasil rejeita declaração de independência da Catalunha e pede diálogo". 28 October 2017.
  55. ↑ "Позиция на МВнР: България подкрепя териториалната цялост на Испания". Mfa.bg. 27 October 2017.
  56. ↑ "Catalonia independence: Trudeau says Canada recognizes one united Spain". CBC. 27 October 2017.
  57. ↑ "Twitter account of the Foreign Minister of Chile". Twitter.com. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  58. ↑ ""Al mundo le conviene una España unida": Santos sobre la independencia de Cataluña". Elpais.com.co. 27 October 2017.
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  60. ↑ "Comunicado Oficial: Ecuador ante la situación en Cataluña". 27 October 2017.
  61. ↑ Ratas, Jüri (27 October 2017). "Estonia supports the territorial integrity and unity of Spain. Internal affairs must be solved according to their constitution and laws". @ratasjuri. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  62. ↑ "Seibert: Sorge über erneuten Verfassungsbruch". Retrieved 2017-10-27.
  63. ↑ "Georgia fully supports the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Kingdom of Spain and stands in solidarity W/ the Spanish Government". Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  64. ↑ "The declaration of Catalonian independence is a matter of Spanish internal affairs". Retrieved 2017-10-30.
  65. ↑ "India says #Catalonia should address issues of identity and culture within #Spain's constitutional framework & respect national integrity". 28 October 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  66. ↑ "Kementerian Luar Negeri Indonesia". Twitter.com. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  67. ↑ Hennessy, Michelle. "The Irish government says it does not recognise Catalan independence". Thejournal.ie. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  68. ↑ "El ministro de Exteriores italiano asegura que Italia "no reconoce ni reconocerá" la DUI". eldiario.es (in Spanish). 27 October 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
  69. ↑ "Israel refuses to support Spain against Catalan independence". Arutz Sheva. 31 October 2017. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
  70. ↑ "Israel definitively refuses to give way to Spain's diplomatic pressure". Retrieved 2 November 2017.
  71. ↑ "Foreign Ministry Issues First Statement on Catalonia Crisis". hamodia.com. Hamodia. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
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  73. ↑ ""Japón ante el 155". Retrieved 2017-11-24.
  74. ↑ ""BNS Lithuania". Retrieved 2017-10-27.
  75. ↑ "Malaysia does not recognise Catalan independence". The Star. MSN. 1 November 2017. Archived from the original on 1 November 2017. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  76. ↑ "Malta refuses to recognise Catalan independence". 28 October 2017.
  77. ↑ "Morocco rejects the unilateral process of the independence of Catalonia, and expresses its attachment to Spain sovereignty and territorial integrity". Retrieved 2017-10-28.
  78. ↑ "Cuenta oficial de Twitter de Enrique Peña Nieto". 27 October 2017.
  79. ↑ MFA, Norway (2017-10-27). "FM #Eriksen Søreide:Norway will not recognize unilateral declaration of Independence #Catalonia. Re-establish legality as basis for dialogue". @NorwayMFA (in Romanian). Retrieved 2017-12-05.
  80. ↑ "Comunicado de Prensa del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores de Paraguay". 27 October 2017.
  81. ↑ "Comunicado sobre la situación en Cataluña de la Cancillería del Perú". 27 October 2017.
  82. ↑ "MFA statement on developments in Catalonia". Retrieved 2017-10-27.
  83. ↑ "Governo de portugal". Governo de portugal (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2017-10-28.
  84. ↑ "Romania reaffirms support for Spain's territorial integrity". Xinhua. 28 October 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
  85. ↑ "Дачић: Исти је пут Косова и Каталоније" [Dačić: Catalonia's path is the same as Kosovo's]. RTS (in Serbian). 27 October 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
  86. ↑ "FOTO: Katalonski premier vztraja pri neodvisnosti in ljudi poziva k mirnemu uporu" [Catalonian premier insists at independence, and calls for people to rebel peacefully]. 24ur (in Slovene). 2017-10-28. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
  87. ↑ "Sri Lanka rejects declaration of independence by Catalonia". 27 October 2017.
  88. ↑ "Katalunya'daki Gelişmelerle İlgili İkaz Duyurusu". 27 October 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
  89. ↑ Klimkin, Pavlo (27 October 2017). "Ukraine supports the state sovereignty and territorial integrity of Spain within its internationally recognized borders". @PavloKlimkin. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
  90. ↑ Giap, Trong (31 October 2017). "Việt Nam lên tiếng về khủng hoảng chính trị Tây Ban Nha". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 31 October 2017.
  91. ↑ "Abkhazia is ready to consider recognizing the independence of Catalonia". rusreality.com. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
  92. ↑ "Comment by the Information and Public Relations Department of the Artsakh Foreign Ministry on the Declaration of Independence of Catalonia – MFA NKR". nkr.am. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
  93. ↑ "Palestina apoya una "España fuerte y unida" y apuesta por el diálogo" (in Spanish). 30 October 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
  94. ↑ "South Ossetia Ready to Consider Recognition of Catalonia's Independence – FM". Sputnik. 28 October 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
  95. ↑ "Taiwan hopes for peaceful resolution of Catalonia issue: MOFA". ocac.gov.tw. 28 October 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
  96. ↑ NWS, VRT (27 October 2017). "Liveblog: Catalonië onafhankelijk: uren van blijdschap, verwarring en spanning".
  97. ↑ "Quebec reacts to violence during Catalan independence vote". CBC News. 1 October 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  98. ↑ "Quebec passes unanimous motion condemning Spain's 'authoritarianism' over Catalonia". Global News. The Canadian Press. 4 October 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  99. ↑ "Le président de l'Assemblée de Corse reconnaît l'indépendance de la Catalogne". 27 October 2017.
  100. ↑ Catalogna: amministratori sardi riconoscono indipendenza, Cagliaripad.it
  101. ↑ Sardegna. Amministratori indipendentisti uniti a sostegno della Repubblica Catalana, Sardegna e Libertà
  102. ↑ "Statement on Catalonia". Scottish Government News. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
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