Campeiro Bulldog

Campeiro Bulldog
Other names
  • Buldogue campeiro
Common nicknames
  • Brazilian bulldog
  • Countryside Bulldog
  • Pampas Bulldog
Origin Brazil
Traits
Weight 35–45 kg (77–99 lb) [1]
Height 48–58 cm (19–23 in) [1]
Litter size 6-8
Life span 10–12 years
Notes CBKC standard (in portuguese)
Domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris)

The campeiro bulldog (Portuguese: Buldogue campeiro)(Portuguese pronunciation: [buwdɔɣˈ ˌkanˈpeiɾɔ]) is a breed of dog developed in Southern Brazil, descended from bulldog-types brought by Europeans.[1] It was bred as a catch dog for cattle and boar.

The Campeiro Bulldog is closely related to the Serrano Bulldog.

Name

Campeiro is a Portuguese word widely used in the Southern Region of Brazil as a term for those who work in the rural field, especially those who know how to take care of cattle and ride horses well; relative to the field; rural, rustic, peasant.[2]

Origin

The Campeiro Bulldog gained prominence in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, where it was used to control cattle in slaughterhouses. In the 1970's it faced near extinction due to new sanitary regulations in slaughter houses and the introduction of new breeds. Due to breeding programs launched by Ralf Bender, the breed has become more common.[3]

There are some theories to the origin of the Campeiro Bulldog. The most widespread theory considers the possibility that the Campeiro Bulldog as originated from Old English Bulldogs (now extinct) brought to Brazil by European immigrants in the 19th or 20th century and that these were mixed with the local dogs; Another lesser-spread theory reports that the Campeiro Bulldog might actually be a remnant of the bulldog-type Terceira Mastiff.

First theory: Old English Bulldog

Old English Bulldog

The Old English Bulldog was popular in much of Western Europe during the second half of the nineteenth century, to the point that in states like the Vatican there is legislation to regulate the transit of this type of animal on public roads.

At the same time, it aroused in interested sections of European society the interest in the serious development of the creation and conformation of several distinct breeds for work or exhibition: many derived from the old English bulldog such as the modern English bulldog and the English bull terrier.

In Brazil, the European immigration (immigration of Germans, Italians, Polish, etc.) to the Southern Region, which was encouraged at various times during the early nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, brought many animals, including dogs, certainly many of the bulldog type, like the Old English Bulldog itself.[4]

Whereas at this time in Europe, with a few exceptions, the orientation towards the standardization of most canine breeds was mainly in beauty, the animals brought into the new world had to prove in their daily toil their efficiency and physical excellence, besides the great temperament that they should conserve and develop, being therefore selected and procreated in different ways, generating different breeds from those that appeared in Europe at the same time.

In this way this type of bulldog breed was preserved in Brazilian lands, above all, thanks to its talent for the guard and the work with cattle.

Second theory: Terceira Mastiff

Bulldog-type Terceira Mastiff

The Terceira Mastiff was a Portuguese breed of dog, originally from Terceira Island. These dogs were the result of the cross between the Spanish Mastiff, Portuguese Mastiff and the old Dogue de bordeaux (different from the current one). And later, in the 17th century, it received insertion of the Old English Bulldog, originating the variety "Bulldog-type" with reduced size compared to the "Mastiff-type" (without bulldog insertion), and with the characteristic crooked tail. This dog was brought to Brazil with the great immigration of Portuguese as a result of the arrival (the escape) of the Portuguese court for Brazilian lands. Its Mastiff-type variety (closest to the original form), crossed with Bloodhound, may have participated in the origin of the Fila Brasileiro, another Brazilian dog breed. It is then believed that the Bulldog-type variety has given rise to the campeiro bulldog, or at least participated in its formation.[5]

History

The Campeiro Bulldog was used to handle the cattle. The best dogs for the work of submitting cattle and pigs were the most appreciated, and also those who knew how to keep the wagon and the horse of the tropeiro (designation given to the drivers of mules 'and horses' commissions that traveled between regions of Brazil from the 17th century) while it rested. The breed has preserved the functional features of its probable ancestor, the Old English Bulldog, who may carry pigs through the ears to the slaughtering site or be able to dominate alone a stray cow of up to 400 Kg.[6] This ability was widely used in former slaughterhouses in the Southern Region of Brazil and in the region where today it is the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. In these establishments, dogs were used to subdue cattle and pigs at the moment of slaughtering the animal. However, new measures of sanitary surveillance have prevented the use of dogs in these establishments. In this way, the bulldogs have their use less and less. This added to the popularity of foreign races that arrived at Brazil and the devaluation of these dogs considered too common, took the campeiro bulldog to the near extinction.

Breed's restoration

Even in his youth, the cynophile Ralf Schein Bender fell in love with the bravery of the dogs that until then were known as Burdoga. His desire to own a dog of that kind made him realize the extreme shortage of the breed. In the late 1970s, realizing that this dog was on the verge of extinction, Ralf Bender began a work of rescuing these dogs. In 1977 he acquired a female and traveled all over the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) gathering the last specimens of the breed and began to bred them.[7] His work came to fruition in 2001 when CBKC (Brazilian Confederation of Cynophilia) officially recognized the breed already with the name of Campeiro Bulldog.

Appearance

Campeiro bulldog

Medium complexion dog, very strong and slightly heavy for its height (stunted). Of broad constitution and almost square body shape, the Bulldog Bulldog is muscular, has strong bones and a typically broad head. Short muzzle (should be 1/3 of the length of the skull), small ears and pendants inserted high on the head as far apart as possible, the ears facing back are also accepted. Preferably short and crooked tail. Smooth, short hair, and all colors are accepted - There are dogs that are entirely white, but must have pigmented mucous membranes and eyelids, so this does not detract from it when used for work.

Weight

Males and females between 30 and 45 kg, approximately. Males: 35-45 kg.[1] Females: 30-40 kg.[1]

Height

Males and females between 48 and 58 cm at the withers, approximately. Males: 53 cm.[1] Females: 51 cm.[1]

Temperament

The bulldog stands out for the loyalty to the owner, the ease of adaptation and mainly for its affection with children. His rusticity and courage make him an excellent guard dog. Due to his love for the people of his coexistence, this dog can be a bit jealous. 

Suspicious of strangers, quiet, the bulldog is known for not barking unnecessarily. You need some daily exercise, if not used directly in dealing with cattle or other type of work, in fact the farm handles is a function in which it has excellent prominence.

Health 

The Campeiro Bulldog is a rustic breed, and although some specimens present severe hip dysplasia, few are those that present some kind of annoyance because they are carriers of this condition. Even for very little time, the presence of dysplasia was not even noticed by many breeders and owners, who only came to begin control of this disease (which may be genetic or due to lack of proper management of the pups) after the incredible realization that this disease that affects so many races was not uncommon or unusual in the Bulldog. Except for this (in the campeiro bulldog the hip dysplasia does not even become a problem) there are no other campeiro bulldog-specific diseases that affect it on a large scale. It is recommended to prevent external and internal parasites through vermifugation and infectious diseases through vaccination.

Exotic varieties

New breeders are mixing and inserting genetics from other breeds to produce Campeiro Bulldogs with exotic coat colors. As a result of the insertion of dogs of the modern breed Olde English Bulldogge (OEB, a dog breed developed in the 1970s) new Campeiro Bulldogs are emerging with new coat colors that have never been common with in the breed, such as individuals with blue, liver, and tricolor coats.[8][9]

Bibliography

  • (in Portuguese) CÃES & CIA, Brasil: Editora Forix, 2001, mensal, Edição nº 267, ISSN 1413-3040, reportagem Brasil:novas raças avançam.
  • (in Portuguese) CÃES & CIA, Brasil: Editora Forix, 2001, mensal, Edição nº 269, ISSN 1413-3040, reportagem Buldogues, agora são 7!
  • (in Portuguese) CÃES & CIA, Brasil: Editora Forix, 2002, mensal, Edição nº 272, ISSN 1413-3040, reportagem Raça Canina Brasileira - Buldogue Campeiro Ganha direito a Pedigree.
  • (in Portuguese) CÃES & CIA, Brasil: Editora Forix, 2003, mensal, Edição nº 293, ISSN 1413-3040, reportagem Novas Raças Brasileiras.
  • (in Portuguese) CÃES & CIA, Brasil: Editora Forix, 2005, mensal, Edição nº 319, ISSN 1413-3040, reportagem Cães fora de série Buldogue Campeiro.
  • (in Portuguese) ALMANAQUE CÃES & RAÇAS 2009, Brasil: Editora On Line, 2009, anual, reportagem Made In Brazil.
  • (in Portuguese) CÃES & CIA, Brasil: Editora Forix, 2010, mensal, Edição nº 371, ISSN 1413-3040, reportagem Super Guia do Brasileiríssimo.
  • (in Portuguese) CÃES & CIA, Brasil: Editora Forix, 2010, mensal, Edição nº 374, ISSN 1413-3040, reportagem Todos os Buldogues! Americano, Campeiro, Francês, Inglês, Olde English e Serrano.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Campeiro Bulldog breed standard - CBKC (in Portuguese)
  2. ↑ Creative Dictionary: Campeiro (in Portuguese)
  3. ↑ G1 - Dog breeder says to have traveled the RS to save the Campeiro Bulldog of the extinction (in Portuguese)
  4. ↑ The Bully Breeds by David Harris
  5. ↑ Terceira Mastiff and relatives breeds (in Portuguese)
  6. ↑ * (in Portuguese) CÃES & CIA magazine, Brazil: Editora Forix, 2005, mensal, Edição nº 319, ISSN 1413-3040, reportagem Cães fora de série Buldogue Campeiro.
  7. ↑ G1 - Dog breeder says to have traveled the RS to save the Campeiro Bulldog of the extinction (in Portuguese)
  8. ↑ Exotic Colors in Campeiro Bulldogs: Blue Coat. (in Portuguese)
  9. ↑ Coats: Exotic coats - history (in Portuguese)

See also

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