Calymene

Calymene
Temporal range: Tremadocian to Pragian 488.3–409.1 Ma
Calymene clavicula 32mm, Henryhouse Formation, Oklahoma, Cayugan
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: †[Trilobita]]
Order: †Phacopida
Family: †Calymenidae
Genus: †Calymene
Brongniart, 1822
Type species
Calymene blumenbachii
Brongniart in Desmarest, 1817 [1]

Calymene (meaning beautiful crescent as a reference to the glabella) is a genus of trilobites in the order Phacopida that are found throughout North America, North Africa, and Europe in primarily Silurian outcrops.[2] Calymene is closely related to Flexicalymene, and both genera are frequently found enrolled.[3] Calymene trilobites are small, typically 2 cm in length. The cephalon is the widest part of the animal and the thorax usually has 13 segments.[4]

The correct genus authorship is Brongniart (1822).[5] A previously published genus description in Desmarest (1816)[6] (often mis-cited as "Calymena" Desmarest, 1817) was suppressed by ICZN Opinion 1433.

Known species and locations

Reassigned species

Since the genus Calymene was established early on in paleontology, a number of species previously assigned to it have since been transferred to other genera:[9]

References

  1. 1 2 Derek J. Siveter (1985). "The type species of Calymene (Trilobita) from the Silurian of Dudley, England" (PDF). Palaeontology. 28 (4): 783–792.
  2. ↑ "†Calymene Muenster 1840 (trilobite)". The Paleontology Database. Retrieved April 29, 2012.
  3. ↑ John P. Rafferty, ed. (2010). The Paleozoic Era: Diversification of Plant and Animal Life. Geologic History of Earth. Britannica Educational Publishing. ISBN 978-1-61530-196-6.
  4. ↑ Milson, C.; Rigby, S. (2004). Fossils at a Glance. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd.
  5. ↑ Brongniart, A. 1822. Les Trilobites. pp. 1-65, pls. 1-4 in: Histoire Naturelle des Crustacés Fossiles. Paris. F.-G. Levrault, Libraire. 154 pp. 11 pls.
  6. ↑ Desmarest, A-G. 1816. Calymène. pp. 49-50 in: Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Edition, Tome 5.
  7. ↑ "Calymene celebra Raymond 1916 (trilobite)". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
  8. ↑ Alex J. Chestnut. "Using morphometrics, phylogenetic systematics and parsimony analysis to gain insight into the evolutionary affinities of the Calymenidae Trilobita". OhioLINK ETD Center. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
  9. ↑ Moore, R.C. (1959). Arthropoda I - Arthropoda General Features, Proarthropoda, Euarthropoda General Features, Trilobitomorpha. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part O. Boulder, Colorado/Lawrence, Kansas: Geological Society of America/University of Kansas Press. pp. 1–560. ISBN 0-8137-3015-5.
  10. 1 2 Esteve, Jorge (2015). "Systematic revision of the genus Solenopleura Angelin, 1854, Ptychopariida, Trilobita, Cambrian Series 3". Annales de Paléontologie. 101: 185–192. doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2015.05.001.
  11. ↑ Pärnaste, Helje (2004). "Revision of the Ordovician cheirurid trilobite genus Reraspis with the description of the earliest representative" (PDF). Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Geol. 53 (2): 125–138.
  12. ↑ Ramskjöld, L.; Werdelin, L. (1991). "The phylogeny and evolution of some phacopid trilobites". Cladistics. 7: 29–74. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1991.tb00021.x.
  • Media related to Calymene at Wikimedia Commons
  • Henry Woodward (1877). A Catalogue of British Fossil Crustacea, with their Synonyms and the Range in Time of Each Genus and Order. Taylor and Francis. pp. 28–29.
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