Calauit Safari Park

Calauit Safari Park

Date opened	1976
Location	Calauit Island, Busuanga, Palawan, Philippines
Coordinates	12°18′N 119°54′E / 12.300°N 119.900°E / 12.300; 119.900Coordinates: 12°18′N 119°54′E / 12.300°N 119.900°E / 12.300; 119.900
Land area	3,700 hectares (9,100 acres)
No. of animals	1,870
Website	www.calauitisland.com/history.html

Calauit Safari Park is a game reserve and wildlife sanctuary located in Calauit Island, a 3,700 hectare island in the Calamian Islands chain that lies off the coast of Palawan in the MIMAROPA region of the Philippines. It is known for its wildlife sanctuary with a substantial population of African animals, including giraffes, zebras, and antelopes, as well as local fauna that all roam freely in a game reserve created in the 1970s.

History

On August 31, 1976, under Presidential Proclamation No. 1578, the island was declared a game preserve and wildlife sanctuary. Presumably, the Philippine government was responding to the request of President Jomo Kenyatta of Kenya during a Third World conference for help in saving African wildlife threatened by war and drought. A private, non-profit organization, Conservation and Resource Management Foundation (CRMF), was placed in charge of the forest preserve and wildlife sanctuary.^[1]

The secluded Calauit Island was considered the ideal location due to its size, terrain, and vegetation. An estimated 254 families,^[2][3] mostly members of Tagbanwa tribes, were evicted and relocated to Halsey Island, a former leper colony,^[4] 40 kilometers away to make room for 104 feral African animals from eight species: 12 bushbucks, 11 elands, 11 gazelles, 15 giraffes, 18 impalas, 12 waterbucks, 10 topis, and 15 zebras. The animals were transported to the island by the ship MV Salvador on March 4, 1977. Without natural predators, the population of animals grew to 201 after five years, with 143 animals born on Calauit itself. The giraffe and zebra populations in particular were thriving.

Calauit Island Safari park

The zebras in the park are Grevy’s zebras are considered the most endangered of the world’s three surviving zebra species. Some of the giraffes seen on the same tour bore the purple marks of iodine that park staff use to treat cuts from the sharp spikes of some local plants. The park also is a haven for indigenous wildlife like the Calamian deer, named for the Calamian islands, the northernmost island cluster in Palawan province, a group that includes Busuanga. There were only 25 left on the island when the park started a conservation effort in 1981, capturing deer for breeding and protecting them once they were released back into the wild. Now there is a thriving herd of 1200. Some of the Filipino species are kept in pens, like the Palawan porcupines. Visitors are allowed to feed them, and apparently they have a passion for bananas.^[5]

Endangered local species are also protected in the sanctuary. As of 2005, these included 1,200 Calamian deer, 22 mousedeer, 4 Palawan bearcats, 5 crocodiles, and 2 wild pigs. The sanctuary has also been home to Palawan peacock pheasants, porcupines, sea eagles, wildcats, scaly anteaters, and pythons. There have also been programs to rejuvenate and protect the island’s marine resources, forests, and mangroves. In the island’s waters live dugongs, sea turtles, and giant clams. Calauit’s coral reefs, once badly damaged by invasive fishing practices, have recovered and are now rich breeding grounds for fish and crustaceans. During the Marcos regime, the preserve was funded by the Office of the President.

Before the park opened in 1977, 250 or more families living in the region were relocated in the Halsey Island nearly 40 km away from the park's facilities under the martial rule of Ferdinand Marcos. The indigenous people who were relocated campaigned against it after realizing that the island where they will be relocated in was a stony island that has no capability to sustain agriculture. However, due to martial rule, their campaign was silenced and they were relocated to Halsey Island nonetheless. After the EDSA People Power in 1986 which ousted Marcos, the settlers formed the “Balik Calauit Movement,” and aired their collective grievances to the new government. Some of the settlers tried to return to the Island but were driven away by post-Marcos officers. In June 1987, their efforts to return have finally succeeded after President Corazon Aquino ordered the return of the indigenous peoples of Calauit to their ancestral lands.^[6]

In August 2015, three zebras were reportedly killed, two of them from gunshot wounds. Park employees recounted giraffes dying of wooden spears sticking out of their stomachs. The park’s water system was also tapped by the community, which has already established a school in the area. The authorities are having difficult tracking the animals and the activities of the local people due to the lack of facilities,funding, and equipment.

With the absence of official records, however, available online data are a bit confusing as to the actual population of African and Philippine wildlife that are presently roaming in the island. In the census of 2005, the park had 480 African animals and about 1,390 Philippine animals. But AFP reported in 2011 that there were just over 100 African animals that roamed the island. In 2013, however, visitors’ accounts indicate about 880, with 23 giraffes, 38 zebras, and around 1,000 Calamian deers.

By Apr 28, 2016, the authorities have arrested two people in the midst of the park for the suspicion of poaching. The claim was later proven to be true when the authorities inspected 2 shotguns, 3 dynamites, an animal skinning rack, 5 dried animal skin and 5 skeletal remains of an endangered Calamian deer.^[7]

The Palawan government reached out to settle the disputes between the locals and the authorities in the park. Before the end of President Noynoy Aquino ended, a resolution was forged which halted the hunting of animals in the area.

Through Executive Order No. 722 ratified on December 12, 2008, the administration of sanctuary was transferred from the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development to the Provincial Government of Palawan on March 23, 2009. Its name was then changed to Calauit Safari Park. It has become an eco-tourism attraction.^[8]

Animals

The Calauit island safari park is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the Philippines. The climate in the Philippines almost similar to that of Kenya and because of that the animals have flourished in the park.

List of animals present in the Park:

• Reticulated giraffe (Giraffa reticulata) - also known as the Somali giraffe, is a subspecies of giraffe native to the Horn of Africa. It lives in Somalia, southern Ethiopia, and northern Kenya. 15 giraffes have been transported in a vessel named M/V Salvador in march 1977. The numbers of giraffes have flourished in the park due to the lack of natural predators. As of 2016, a total of 27 Giraffes are present in the park some of which is naturally born on the island
• Grévy's zebra (Equus grevyi) - The largest extant species of Zebra. 15 Zebras have been brought and the population of zebra have spread throughout the park. The Grevy's zebra itself is the most endangered of the two zebra subspecies. In 2016, a total of 34 zebra's were thriving in the park and their populations are predicted to spread out due to the lack of natural predators.

Former animals in the park:

Below are the former introduced animal in the park and have died out due to territorial disputes and a threat of illegal hunting.

• Waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus) - is a large antelope found widely in sub-Saharan Africa. About 12 Waterbucks arrived in the park in 1977. These elusive creatures can be seen rarely in the park. They are docile animals but they prefer to distance themselves from the tourist. Among the eland, the waterbuck is one of the two species of antelopes that remained in the park till late 2015 and are said to be spotted through to the bushes. In late 2016, the numbers of waterbucks in the park have greatly diminished through the following months and are presumed extinct in early 2017.
• Common eland (Taurotragus oryx) - is one of the largest species of antelope found in the plains of Africa, 11 Elands were transported together with the other African animal species brought from Kenya in 1977. The Elands have flourished throughout the park though it is difficult to keep track of their numbers as some of the locals have stated that the creature is shy and is seldom to be seen. In early 2013, 23 elands have been tracked by the workers proving that the species itself have acclimated in the island. However, in 2016, Their numbers declined due to habitat loss and possible poaching. it was unknown if there are any elands left in the park. But the local guides stated that the Eland was presumed extinct as the last time the eland was spotted was somewhere in late 2016.
• Impala (Aepyceros melampus) - Impala's are among the indigenous animals that are introduced to the park in 1977 there were 18 impalas at that time but they species have a problem adopting to the new climate and have proven to be extinct in the 1999.
• Topi (Damaliscus lunatus jimela) is a highly social and fast antelope subspecies of the common tsessebe, a species which belongs to the genus Damaliscus. The In 1977, A total of 10 Topis was brought in the park. They are fast runners and are often shy of tourist they came across. However, the Topis died out after years of observation and was declared extinct in the park by 1999.
• Bushbuck (Tragelaphus sylvaticus) - is a widespread species of antelope in Sub-Saharan Africa.12 bushbucks was sent by the kenyan government in the park and they occupied the forest area of the park near the bushes. The workers in the park noticed that the bushbuck population decreased throughout the years due to territorial disputes among the other antelopes. The parks authorities searched the remaining animals which have decreased in numbers but were unsuccessful. bushbucks was declared extinct in 1999 among the four antelope species that are introduced in the park.
• Thomson's gazelle (Eudorcas thomsonii) - is one of the best-known gazelles. It is named after explorer Joseph Thomson and is sometimes referred to as a "tommie". 11 gazelles were delivered in the park among the other 7 animal species that are endemic to the African plains. Their population once thrived in the park within five years but have thought to decline in 1980's. The authorities in the park have failed to locate any individuals by 1999 and the species was declared extinct in the park by the palawan government.

Local animals in the park

• Calamian deer (Hyelaphus calamianensis) - is an endangered species of the deer endemic to the Calamian Islands of the Palawan province in the Philippines. The Calamian deer is declared critically endangered in 1981 due to deforestation, over hunting and habitat loss. Only 25 calamian deer's are left when the park started conservation effort. The conservation itself went successful and their numbers have flourished in the park. In 2016, their population have reached 1200-1300 and is now been declared an endangered species by IUCN.
• Palawan bearded pig (Sus ahoenobarbus) - it is one of 4 wild pigs endemic to the Philippines and are considered vulnerable under the Philippine Red List of Threatened Wildlife.Several wild pigs are kept in the park's conservation center though there are a few wild pigs that are present outside the park. Due to their status as vulnerable the rangers are having a big difficulty tracking their numbers. Several wild pigs have been stated to roam the park though it is rare as wild pigs fled to the forest in the morning.
• Philippine crocodile (Crocodylus mindorensis) - A critically endangered freshwater crocodile endemic to the Philippines. There are originally 5 fresh water crocodiles in the park at 2005 but one died of natural cause. As of today, there are currently 4 freshwater crocodiles in the conservation center though an effort to breed this critically endangered reptilian is been planned in the near future.In late 2015, one of the female freshwater crocodiles have laid few dozens of eggs and have hatched in the early 2016. Currently the crocodile hatchlings are put into a separated pond to prevent other male crocodiles from harming them.
• Philippine porcupine (Hystrix pumila) is a species of rodent in the family Hystricidae(Old World porcupines) endemic to the island of Palawan in the Philippines. It is known locally as durian or landak. The IUCN declared this species as vulnerable and currently 3 porcupines have been kept in the center in an effort to conserve different endangered species in the Philippines.
• Binturong (Arctictis binturong), also known as bearcat, is a viverrid native to South and Southeast Asia. It is uncommon in much of its range, and has been assessed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List because of a declining population trend that is estimated at more than 30% over the last three decades. There are 1 Binturong that have been kept in the park. Only few of this species can be spotted in the forest of Palawan and may have dwindled in numbers due to deforestation and habitat loss.
• Philippine mouse-deer (Tragulus nigricans) - also known as the Balabac chevrotain or pilandok (in Filipino), is a small, nocturnal ruminant, which is endemic to Balabac and nearby smaller islands (Bugsuc and Ramos) southwest of Palawan in the Philippines. as of 2005, 22 mousedeers are kept in the park's sanctuary.

Future Projects

In May 2017, The authorities begin to plan for adding new attractions to the park to increase their budget for tourism. To generate income and continue promoting the tourism value of Calauit Safari Park, Provincial Agriculturist Dr. Romeo Cabungcal said they are planning to add attractions in the popular animal reserve.^[9]

The park management plans to increase entrepreneurial activities such as adding camp sites, accommodations, and more space to explore.Provincial administrator Atty. Joshua Bolusa clarified, nonetheless, that these new attractions will go through the necessary process and all stakeholders, including Indigenous People groups, will be consulted.

Collaboration with the local government of Busuanga and the communities in the area will also be initiated, he added.^[10]

See also

• Safari park
• Avilon Zoo
• Manila Zoo
• List of protected areas of the Philippines

References