Brassica rapa

Brassica rapa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Clade:Angiosperms
Clade:Eudicots
Clade:Rosids
Order:Brassicales
Family:Brassicaceae
Genus:Brassica
Species: B. rapa
Binomial name
Brassica rapa

Brassica rapa is a plant consisting of various widely cultivated subspecies including the turnip (a root vegetable); napa cabbage, bomdong, bok choy, and cime di rapa (leaf vegetables); and Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera, an oilseed which has many common names, including turnip rape, field mustard, bird rape, and keblock.[1][2][3][4][5][6]

The oil made from the seed is sometimes also called canola or colza,[1] which is one reason why it is sometimes confused with rapeseed oil, but this comes from a different Brassica species (Brassica napus). The oilseeds known as canola are sometimes particular varieties of Brassica rapa (termed Polish Canola) but usually the related species Brassica napus (rapeseed) and Brassica juncea (mustard greens and mizuna).[7]

Researchers at the University of Wisconsin–Madison have selectively bred one subspecies of B. rapa to have an extremely short life cycle for use as a model organism in education and experiment. This variety is known by the trademarked name "Wisconsin Fast Plants."[8]

History

In the 18th century the turnip and the oilseed-producing variants were seen as being different species by Carl Linnaeus who named them B. rapa and B. campestris. 20th-century taxonomists found that the plants were cross fertile and thus belonged to the same species. Since the turnip had been named first by Linnaeus, the name Brassica rapa was adopted.[9]

Many butterflies, including the small white, pollinate the B. rapa flowers.

Cultivars

CultivarImageName
Bok choyBrassica rapa subsp.
BomdongBrassica rapa var. glabra
Choy sumBrassica rapa subsp. parachinensis
Field MustardBrassica rapa subsp. oleifera
KomatsunaBrassica rapa subsp. perviridis
Napa cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensis
RapiniBrassica rapa var. rapifera
TatsoiBrassica rapa subsp. narinosa
TurnipBrassica rapa subsp. rapa
Yellow SarsonBrassica rapa subsp. trilocularis

References

  1. 1 2 "Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  2. ↑ "Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera". Turnip Rape. EOL. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  3. ↑ Clive Stace (1997). New Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge: Cambridge. ISBN 978-0-521-58935-2.
  4. ↑ Bailey's Dictionary (5th reprint ed.). 1731.
  5. ↑ Doreathea Hurst (1889). History and Antiquities Of Horsham. Farncombe & Co.
  6. ↑ "Brassica rapa". Bioimages. cas.vanderbilt.edu. 2011. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
  7. ↑ "Chapter 2 – Canola Varieties". Canola Grower's Manual. Canada Council of Canada. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  8. ↑ "Wisconsin Fast Plants of the University of Wisconsin: Homepage". Wisconsin Fast Plants®. Retrieved 2017-04-14.
  9. ↑ Phil Thomas, ed. (2003). "Canola Varieties". Canola Growers Manual. Canola Council of Canada. Archived from the original on 12 July 2009.
  • Media related to Brassica rapa at Wikimedia Commons
  • " Multilingual taxonomic information". University of Melbourne.
  • PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) database record on Brassica rapa L.

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