Bhoopali

Bhoopali
Thaat Kalyan
Type Audava
Time of day Early night, 9–12
Pakad
  • S R G R S D1 S R G
  • S R G R S D1 S R G P G D P G R S
  • G R P G G R S R D1 S
  • G R S D1 S R G R P G D P G R S
Chalan
  • S R G R S D1 S R G
  • S R G R S D1 P1
  • P1 D1 S R G R G
  • S R P G
  • G R S R G P
  • G P D P D D S’
  • P G P D P D S’ R’ G’ R’ G’
  • G’ R’ S’ D P G R S
Vadi G
Samavadi D
Synonym
  • Bhup
  • Bhup Kalyan
Equivalent Mohanam

Bhoopali, also known as Bhoop, Bhopali or Bhupali, (Hin: भूपाली / भोपाली) is a Hindustani classical raga. It is a pentatonic scale (uses 5 notes in ascending and descending scale). Most of the songs in this raga are based on Bhakti rasa. Since it uses 5 notes, belongs to the "Audav jaati" of ragas.

The same raga in Carnatic music is known as Mohanam.

Raga Bhoopali, Raga Yaman and Raga Bhairav tend to be the three basic ragas of Hindustani music, learnt first by its students.[1]

Theory

Karhade (2011) explains that raga Bhopali consists of just 5 notes - स रे ग प ध (sa, re, ga, pa and dha).[2] It does not use Ma (also called Madhyam) and Ni (also called Nishadh).[2]

The Introduction consists of two parts - Aroh आरोह (where the notes are simply recited on an ascending scale) and avaroha (where the roles are simply recited on a descending order)[2]

Thereafter, with these same five notes, different combinations are made by the singer, similar to short phrases, also called "chalan".[2]

Aroha & Avaroha

The scale of Bhopali uses only Shuddh swaras.

  • Aroha (ascent): Sa Re Ga Pa Dha Sa
  • Avaroha (descent): Sa Dha Pa Ga Re Sa

Vadi & Samavadi

Gandhar - ga

Dhaivat - Dha

Pakad & Chalan

The Pakad (catchphrase that often helps in identifying a raga) is:

S R G R S D1 S R G

or:

S R G R S D1 S R G P G D P G R S

or:

G R P G G R S R D1 S

or:

G R S D1 S R G R P G D P G R S

Some chalans (elaborations of the pakad) are:

  1. S R G R S D1 S R G
  2. S R G R S D1 P1
  3. P1 D1 S R G R G
  4. S R P G
  5. G R S R G P
  6. G P D P D D S’
  7. P G P D P D S’ R’ G’ R’ G’
  8. G’ R’ S’ D P G R S

Note: Normally written swaras (individual notes) indicate the middle octave. A swara immediately followed by 1 indicates the mandra saptak (lower octave) and ' indicates the taar saptak (higher octave

A few movements in Bhopali are important to note. There is typically a slide when descending between Sa and Dha, as well as between Pa and Ga. These slides parallel each other and can be used to create a symmetry about how the Swaras are developed. Also, many performers will bring out the Kalyan flavor of Bhopali by using abhasi of the notes Shuddha Ni and Tivra Ma. That is to say, these notes are only vaguely suggested in passing ornaments, not actually sung for long enough for the Swara to become a clear part of the Raga. Some examples would be:

(N1)D1 S

P(m)P(m) D P

where the notes in parenthesis are connected by slides or sung as meend.

Bandish

This bandish is bound with Teentaal (16 beats).

1 2 3 4| 5 6 7 8|9 10 11 12|13 14 15 16|

Asthayi:

D S D2 P |G2 R2 S R2|

G2 _ G2 P |G2 R2 S _ |

S R2 G2 P |R2 G2 P D2|

G2 P D2 P |G2 R2 S _ |

Antara:

G2 _ G2 G2|P _ D2 P|

S' _ S'S'|D3 R3 S' _|

G3 G3 R3 S'|R3 R3 S' D3|

S' _ D2 P |G2 R2 S _|

The Asthayi starts with the 9th beat.

Organisation & relationships

Raga Bhoopali belongs to the Kalyan Thaat.

Related ragas: Deshkar (a pentatonic raga belonging to the Bilawal Thaat with the same scale as Bhoopali). Shuddha Kalyan is another similar raga.

Samay (Time)

First part of night.(6pm to 9pm)

Rasa

Bhakti Rasa (Devotional)

Film Songs based on Bhoopali

Bhoopali is a popular raga used in Indian folk songs, and thus in Hindi and other regional film songs.[2]

Hindi:

Marathi:

See also

References

  1. ↑ Pathak Yajurvedi, Dr. Sarita. "Lecture - Raag Bhopali (Edusat)". www.youtube.com. Bharti College, University of Delhi. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Karhade, Aradhana. "Raag Bhopali (Uploaded 20 January 2011)". www.youtube.com. Karhade, A. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
  3. ↑ "Songs based on Raaga Bhopali". www.soundofindia.com. Sound of India. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
  • Bor, Joep (ed). Rao, Suvarnalata; der Meer, Wim van; Harvey, Jane (co-authors) The Raga Guide: A Survey of 74 Hindustani Ragas. Zenith Media, London: 1999.
  • Parrikar, Rajan. "Short Takes: Bhoopali and Deshkar." Rajan Parrikar Music Archive Short Takes Bhoopali and Deshkar Comments. SAWF Magazine, 5 Aug. 2002. Web. 2 Oct. 2015. <http://www.parrikar.org/hindustani/bhoopali/>.
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