Bai Yanhu

Bai Yanhu (Chinese: 白彥虎) also known as Mohammed Ayub Bianhu,[1] was a Hui military commander and rebel from Shaanxi, China. He was known for leading a tribe of Hui people across the vast lands of northwestern China to Kyrgyzstan under Russian rule. His people is later known as Dungan.[2]

Bai initially took part in the Dungan revolt. After being defeated by the Qing army, he withdrew from the hostile forces and fled to Suzhou(肅州, today's Jiuquan). He was rejected by the local muslim community of Suzhou and marched further west across Jiayuguan and Dunhuang to Hami, arriving Hami in the autumn of 1873. The city of Hami was controlled by the Chinese government. Bai Yanhu then took control of the city with the help of an Uyghur chieftain. Moving from Hami to Turpan, Bai then came to the basin of Manasi River.[3][4] In Xinjiang, Bai Yanhu and Yaqub Beg became allies against Zuo Zongtang's expeditionary forces. Zuo's advance eventually expelled Bai from the territory under Chinese rule. Bai then pledged their loyalty to the Russian empire. With the purpose of exploiting their manual labour, the Russians settled Bai and his people down on Chu River near Tokmak in 1878.[4]

Bai's tribe's first settlement was located 8 kilometres from Tokmak. Bai named the colony "Yingpan"(Literally "Camp"). After the dissolution of the Soviet Union,Yingpan lies within the border of Kazakhstan. Today, the town is known as Masanchi, named after the Dungan Communist revolutionary Magaza Masanchi.[5]

References

  1. ↑ Tikhvinskiĭ, Sergeĭ Leonidovich (1983). Modern History of China. Progress Publishers. pp. 251, 253.
  2. ↑ Lipman, Jonathan (2011). Familiar Strangers: A History of Muslims in Northwest China. University of Washington Press. p. 129. ISBN 9780295800554.
  3. ↑ Ding, Hong (1999). 东干文化硏究. 中央民族大学出版社. pp. 64, 95, 98. ISBN 9787810562638.
  4. 1 2 新疆简史. 新疆人民出版社. 1980. pp. 184, 192, 208. ISBN 9787228041398.
  5. ↑ "抵达TOKMOK——托克马克". Hua Shang Daily. 19 March 2017. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
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