Aslaug

Kráka by Mårten Eskil Winge, 1862

Aslaug, also called Aslög, Kráka or Kraba is a queen consort in Norse mythology who appears in Snorri's Edda, the Völsunga saga and in the saga of Ragnar Lodbrok as his third wife.

Aslaug in legend

King Heimer and Aslaug. Painting by August Malmström (1856).

According to the 13th-century Tale of Ragnar Lodbrok, Aslaug was the daughter of Sigurd and the shieldmaiden Brynhildr,[1] but was raised by Brynhildr's foster father Heimer. At the deaths of Sigurd and Brynhildr, Heimer was concerned about Aslaug's security, so he made a harp large enough to hide the girl. He then traveled as a poor harp player carrying the harp containing the girl.

Áke and Grima discover Aslaug. Painting by Mårten Eskil Winge (1862).

They arrived at Spangereid at Lindesnes in Norway, where they stayed for the night in the house of the peasants Áke and Grima. Áke believed the harp contained valuable items and told his wife Grima. Grima then convinced him to murder Heimer as he was sleeping. However, when they broke the harp open, they discovered a little girl, whom they raised as their own, calling her Kráka ("Crow"). In order to hide her beauty – the accepted sign of her noble origins[1] – they rubbed her in tar and dressed her in a long hood.[1]

However, once as she was bathing, she was discovered by some of the men of the legendary king Ragnar Lodbrok. Entranced by Kráka's beauty, they allowed the bread they were baking to burn; when Ragnar inquired about this mishap, they told him about the girl. Ragnar then sent for her, but in order to test her wits, he commanded her to arrive neither dressed nor undressed, neither fasting nor eating, and neither alone nor in company. Kráka arrived dressed in a net, biting an onion, and with only a dog as a companion. Impressed by her ingenuity and finding her a wise companion, Ragnar proposed marriage to her, which she refused until he had accomplished his mission in Norway.[1] She gave him five sons: Ivar the Boneless; Bjorn Ironside; Hvitserk; Rognvald; and Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye.

When Ragnar visited viceroy Eysteinn Beli of Sweden, Eysteinn persuaded him to reject Kráka and marry his daughter, Ingeborg. On his return home, three birds had already informed Kráka of Ragnar's plans, and so she reproached him and told him of her true noble origins. In order to prove she was the daughter of Sigurd who had slain Fafnir, she said she would bear a child whose eye would bear the image of a serpent. This happened when she bore the son Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye. When Eysteinn learned of Ragnar's change of mind, he rebelled against him but was slain by Ragnar's sons at Kráka's behest.

When Ragnar was about to undertake his ill-fated final expedition to England, his failure was due to his not heeding Kráka's warnings about the bad condition of the fleet. When King Ælla threw Ragnar into the snake pit, it was claimed Ragnar was protected by an enchanted shirt that Kráka had made. It was only when this shirt had been removed that the snakes could bite Ragnar and kill him.

Scholarship

According to Marilyn Jurich, Aslaug's tale in the Saga of Ragnar Lodbrok is the prototype of the "Clever Peasant Girl" folk tale, Aarne–Thompson no. 875. The saga matches the tale closely up to Aslaug's marriage to Ragnar, but even after that there are similarities: The saga highlights Aslaug's resolve (she refuses sex to Ragnar until after marriage) and her seemingly preternatural wisdom: because Ragnar insists on bedding her immediately after the wedding, contrary to her advice, their first son Ivar was born weak, "boneless".[1]

The Brothers Grimm discuss the similarities of their tale 1815 #8 "Die kluge Bauerntochter," with the Nordic tale of Kraka in the appendix entry of the text. They also discuss similarities to a tale in Johannes Pauli's "Schimpf und Ernst" from 1519/1522.

In other fiction

The romantic poem The Fostering of Aslaug by William Morris is a retelling of Aslaug's relationship with Ragnar, based on the version of the tale in Benjamin Thorpe's Northern Mythology (1851).[2][3] It is changed in tone and emphasis by Morris' romanticism,[4] excising the saga's more somber and complicated motifs and portraying Ragnar as the typical hero wooing the maiden.[5]

She appears in Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué's "Aslauga's Knight," published in 1810 with two other Icelandic romances as Der Held des Nordens (The Hero of the North).

A principal character in the television series Vikings (2013), played by Alyssa Sutherland, is loosely based on the legend, and introduced to Ragnar in the manner it described.[6]

Aslaug also appears as a daughter of Loki in the Red Queen's War series of fantasy novels by Mark Lawrence.

References

Footnotes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Jurich, Marilyn (1998). Scheherazade's sisters: trickster heroines and their stories in world literature (1. publ. ed.). Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 160. ISBN 9780313297243.
  2. ↑ Hodgson, Amanda (2011-04-14). The Romances of William Morris. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521154925.
  3. ↑ "William Morris Archive - Translations". morrisedition.lib.uiowa.edu. Retrieved 2017-11-09.
  4. ↑ Hodgson, Amanda (2010). The romances of William Morris. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 85–86. ISBN 9780521154925.
  5. ↑ Boos, Florence S. (2002). "Introduction to "The Fostering of Aslaug"". William Morris, The Earthly Paradise. Routledge.
  6. ↑ Mitchell, John (25 April 2013). "'Vikings' season finale: Mysterious beauty tempts Ragnar". EW.com. Retrieved 25 April 2013.

Sources

  • Thorpe, Benjamin (1851). "Of Ragnar and Aslaug". Northern Mythology, Comprising the Principal Popular Traditions and Superstitions of Scandinavia, North Germany and the Netherlands. Lumley. pp. 109–113.
  • Morris, William (1870). "The Fostering of Aslaug". The Earthly Paradise.
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