Anaxyrus

Anaxyrus
Woodhouse's toad (Anaxyrus woodhousii)
American toad (Anaxyrus americanus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Bufonidae
Genus: Anaxyrus
Tschudi, 1845
Species

See text.

Anaxyrus is a genus of true toads in the family Bufonidae. The genus is endemic to North America and Central America.

Etymology

The meaning of the generic name, Anaxyrus, was not explained by its author, Tschudi. It is speculated to be composed of the Greek anax ("leader, chief") and urus ("tail"); or of the privative prefix an- and axyr ("being cut", "an anchor") or ax ("axel’").[1]

Species

Binomial name Described by, year Common name
Anaxyrus americanus ↔ Bufo americanus Holbrook, 1836 American toad
Anaxyrus baxteri ↔ Bufo baxteri Porter, 1968 Wyoming toad
Anaxyrus boreas ↔ Bufo boreas Baird & Girard, 1852 western toad
Anaxyrus californicus ↔ Bufo californicus Camp, 1915 arroyo toad
Anaxyrus canorus ↔ Bufo canorus Camp, 1916 Yosemite toad
Anaxyrus cognatus ↔ Bufo cognatus Say, 1823 Great Plains toad
Anaxyrus compactilis ↔ Bufo compactilis Wiegmann, 1833 plateau toad, Texas toad
Anaxyrus debilis ↔ Bufo debilis Girard, 1854 North American green toad
Anaxyrus exsul ↔ Bufo exsul G. Myers, 1942 black toad
Anaxyrus fowleri ↔ Bufo fowleri Hinckley, 1882 Fowler's toad
Anaxyrus hemiophrys ↔ Bufo hemiophrys Cope, 1886 Canadian toad
Anaxyrus houstonensis ↔ Bufo houstonensis Sanders, 1953 Houston toad
Anaxyrus kelloggi ↔ Bufo kelloggi Taylor, 1938 little Mexican toad
Anaxyrus mexicanus ↔ Bufo mexicanus Brocchi, 1879 southwestern toad
Anaxyrus microscaphus ↔ Bufo microscaphus Cope, 1867 Arizona toad
Anaxyrus nelsoni ↔ Bufo nelsoni Stejneger, 1893 Amargosa toad
Anaxyrus punctatus ↔ Bufo punctatus Baird & Girard, 1852 red-spotted toad, Baird's spotted toad
Anaxyrus quercicus ↔ Bufo quercicus Holbrook, 1840 oak toad
Anaxyrus retiformis ↔ Bufo retiformis Sanders and H.M. Smith, 1951 Sonoran green toad
Anaxyrus speciosus ↔ Bufo speciosus Girard, 1854 Texas toad
Anaxyrus terrestris ↔ Bufo terrestris Bonnaterre, 1789 southern toad
Anaxyrus woodhousii ↔ Bufo woodhousii Girard, 1854 Woodhouse's toad

References

  1. ↑ Dodd, C. Kenneth (2013). Frogs of the United States and Canada. 1. The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-4214-0633-6.
  • Frost DR, Grant T, Faivovich JN, Bain RH, Haas A, Haddad CLFB, De Sá RO, Channing A, Wilkinson M, Donnellan SC, Raxworthy CJ, Campbell JA, Blotto BL, Moler P, Drewes RC, Nussbaum RA, Lynch JD, Green DM, Wheeler WC (2006). "The Amphibian Tree of Life". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 297: 1–291. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2006)297[0001:TATOL]2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/5781.
  • Pauly GB, Hillis DM, Cannatella DC (November 2004). "The history of a Nearctic colonization: Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Nearctic toads (Bufo)". Evolution. 58 (11): 2517–2535. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb00881.x.
  • Pauly, Gregory B.; Hillis, David M.; Cannatella, David C. (June 2009). "Taxonomic freedom and the role of official lists of species names". Herpetologica. 65 (2): 115–128. doi:10.1655/08-031R1.1.

Further reading

  • Tschudi JJ (1845). "Reptilium conspectus quae in Republica Peruana reperiuntur et pleraque observata vel collecta sunt in itinere ". Archiv für Naturgeschichte 11 (1): 150-170. (Anaxyrus, new genus, p. 170). (in Latin).
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