Amanar

The Amanar for women (or Shewfelt for men) is a skill in vault of artistic gymnastics. The vault was named after the first gymnast to perform it at the World Championships or Olympic Games: Simona Amânar of Romania for women, and Kyle Shewfelt of Canada for men. Both were originated at the 2000 Summer Olympic Games in Sydney.[1] The vault belongs to the Yurchenko family consisting of a roundoff off the springboard, back handspring onto vaulting platform and then 2½ twists in a layout back salto off the table.

As of the beginning of 2017, this vault remains the hardest Yurchenko style vault and one of the hardest vaults successfully performed by women. Since the end of the traditional 10.0 scoring system in 2005 to 2012, the vault had a 6.5 difficulty score, 0.7 higher than the much more common double-twisting Yurchenko.[2] In the 2013-2016 Code of Points, this vault was expectedly downgraded from the difficulty score of 6.5 to 6.3.[3] In the most current 2017-2020 Code of Points, this vault was further more significantly downgraded from the difficulty score of 6.3 to 5.8, equivalent to only a double-twisting Yurchenko in the 2013–2016 Code of Points.

Although there has been no official advancement in this family of vaults since the 2000 Summer Olympic Games in Sydney for women, Hong Un Jong of North Korea, gold medalist in vault at the 2008 Summer Olympic Games in Beijing, did attempt a triple-twisting Yurchenko (TTY) at the 2016 Summer Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro and was very close to successfully completing it in competition had she not sat it down on landing.

For men, there remains only a handful of gymnasts to have successfully completed a triple-twisting Yurchenko, officially known as the Shirai or Shirai-Kim on vault, in competition since it was achieved by both Kenzō Shirai of Japan and Kim Hee Hoon of South Korea at the same competition, 2013 World Championships. Shirai then went on to successfully complete the 3½-twisting Yurchenko, now officially known as the Shirai 2 on vault, at the 2016 Summer Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, and as of early 2017, he remains the only gymnast to have even attempted the Shirai 2 on vault in competition.

Because there are more options for men with the very advanced vaults they can perform (e.g. with "double somersault" [two revolutions] vaults) due to the nature of the event, the Amanar remains more popular among women than men. The only "double somersault" vault that was ever successfully performed by women is the Produnova; it is also the most difficult vault for women.

Women who have completed the Amanar on vault

As of August 2017, the following women have completed the Amanar on vault in competition:

Larisa Iordache from Romania, and Tan Jiaxin and Huang Qiushuang, both from China, have all trained the Amanar, but none has competed it in competition.

Men who have completed the Shewfelt on vault

The first male gymnast to perform a 2½-twisting Yurchenko was Kyle Shewfelt of Canada. He initially completed the vault in 1999, and based on his performance in competition at the 2000 Summer Olympic Games in Sydney, he received naming credit for the vault in men's artistic gymnastics.

From 2005 to 2010, the Shewfelt corresponded to a 6.6 D-score[21] and was a common vault for top international males who were not vault specialists, but since 2004, men's vault has evolved to higher difficulty such that major-competition event finalists typically perform 7.0 vaults that are more difficult than the Shewfelt.

The 2009–2011 World and 2012–2016 Olympic All-Around Champion, Kōhei Uchimura, had competed the Shewfelt.

The following men have completed the Shewfelts in competition:

A note on Shirai's contributions to vault since he started competing internationally for Japan at the age of 17 in 2013: it took 13 years since 2000 for him (and Kim Hee Hoon of South Korea) to end the stalemate and progress Yurchenko vaults from 2½ to 3 twists in competition at the 2013 World Championships, but then Shirai alone only needed 3 more years to successfully complete the 3½-twisting Yurchenko in competition at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, which is one of only four vaults to be assigned the highest difficulty score of 6.0 on vault for men's artistic gymnastics in the current 2017-2020 Code of Points.

Points downgrading for incompletes

In modern gymnastics scoring, incomplete twisting results in a downgrade of difficulty rather than an execution deduction. For example, attempted Amanars with less than 2½ credited twists are considered double-twisting Yurchenkos and thus downgraded by 0.7, 0.5 or 0.4 under the 2009–2012, 2013–2016 or 2017–2020 Code of Points respectively.

At the 2010 World Championships, Russian Tatiana Nabieva's Amanar was downgraded in the event final (but credited in team finals and prelims) for incomplete twisting. The Russian team protested unsuccessfully. Controversy associated with the downgrade (and two other Russian vault downgrades) was reflected in Russian media; however, Christine Still of the BBC described the vault as having "two and one-quarter" rotations.[22] Similarly, the first vault of North Korea's Hong Un Jong was also only credited for an Amanar when she attempted a triple-twisting Yurchenko (TTY) during the vault event final at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro but was ruled that twisting was incomplete, in part due to her fall on landing as well.

Notes and references

Notes
  1. ↑ Performed vault while age-ineligible for meet, 2004 Olympics.
References
  1. ↑ "Simona Amânar - 2000 Olympics EF - Vault 1".
  2. ↑ "Women's Artistic Gymnastics Code of Points 2009–2012". Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique. p. 163. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  3. ↑ "FIG Executive Committee - Official News" (PDF). Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
  4. ↑ "The Daily 9, Wed Oct 14". Inside Gymnastics. 14 October 2009. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  5. ↑ Normile, Dwight (17 October 2009). "China Grabs 3 of 5 Golds on First Day of Finals". International Gymnast Magazine.
  6. ↑ Moceanu, Dominique; Mike Canales (15 October 2009). "From the Stands: Women's Qualification". International Gymnast Magazine.
  7. ↑ Normile, Dwight (14 October 2009). "Session IV: Porgras Still Leads All-around Prelims". International Gymnast Magazine.
  8. ↑ "Johnson Jumps Into Lead". Inside Gymnastics. 5 June 2008.
  9. ↑ "Johnson Defends U.S. Title". International Gymnast Magazine. 7 June 2008.
  10. ↑ Normile, Dwight (11 March 2008). "Johnson's Loss at the American Cup Also Her Gain". International Gymnast Magazine.
  11. ↑ Normile, Dwight (7 June 2010). "U.S. Will Not Send Wieber to Inaugural Youth Olympic Games". International Gymnast Magazine.
  12. 1 2 3 Normile, Dwight (12 August 2010). "Junior Women: Ross Leads, Wieber Falters". International Gymnast Magazine.
  13. 1 2 Normille, Dwight (14 August 2010). "Jr. Women: Ross Cruises to Second U.S. Title". International Gymnast.
  14. ↑ Normille, Dwight (15 August 2009). "Ross Stays on Top, Claims U.S. Junior Title". International Gymnast.
  15. ↑ Normille, Dwight (13 August 2009). "Ross Takes Lead at U.S. Junior Championships". International Gymnast.
  16. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t0EMfkU-wMU. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  17. ↑ "Inside Scoop: Our Take On Women's Qual, Day 1". Inside Gymnastics. 16 October 2010. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  18. ↑ "Elizabeth Price amanar vault - 2012 City of Jesolo Trophy". March 2012.
  19. 1 2 Turner, Amanda (23 June 2011). "Raisman, Ross Take Titles at CoverGirl Classic". International Gymnast.
  20. ↑ "Ross Leads Junior Prelims". 12 August 2010. Archived from the original on 8 October 2010. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  21. ↑ "Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique : Rules". Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 28 November 2010.
  22. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7GiZIJ_d5vU
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