Alice Crary

Alice Crary
Alice Crary, Berlin, 2017
Born	1967 Seattle, WA, USA
Alma mater	AB, Philosophy, Harvard University, 1990; PhD, Philosophy, University of Pittsburgh, 1999[1]
Era	Contemporary philosophy
Region	Western philosophy
School	Analytic
Main interests	Moral philosophy, philosophy and literature, epistemology, feminist philosophy, disability studies
Notable ideas	All human beings and animals are inside ethics
Influences Ludwig Wittgenstein · Cora Diamond · Stanley Cavell · John McDowell · Iris Murdoch · John Austin
Influenced Jean-Marie Vivaldi · David Kishik · Anstein Gregersen · Aloisia Moser · Matthew Congdon · Robin Muller · Johnathan Chalier · Jason Fisette · Janna van Grunsven · Cato Wittusen

Alice Crary (/ˈkrɛəri/; born 1967) is an American philosopher who is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Oxford and also at the Graduate Faculty, The New School for Social Research in New York City, where she was the Philosophy Department Chair 2014-17 and founding Co-Chair of the Gender and Sexuality Studies program. For the academic year 2017-18, she was a Member of the School of Social Science at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. In the summer 2018 she was LFUI-Wittgenstein Guest Professor at the University of Innsbruck, Austria.

Crary has influenced a generation of philosophy students at both graduate and undergraduate levels, and was named one of the three most inspirational professors at The New School, above all for "path-breaking work...as Chair to bring about greater inclusiveness among populations traditionally under-represented in philosophy."^[2]

Scholarship

Over the last 20 years, Crary has explored the basis for and implications of the moral dimension of language. She is best known for her writings on philosophy and literature (addressing specifically the writings of J.M. Coetzee, W.G. Sebald, and Leo Tolstoy),^[3][4] animals,^[5][6] critical theory and political thought,^[7][8] and cognitive disability;^[9][10] her critiques of philosophical method in "analytic feminism";^[11][12] and her two monographs on ethics: Beyond Moral Judgment (Harvard, 2007) and Inside Ethics: On the Demands of Moral Thought (Harvard, 2016), an Association of College and Research Libraries Choice Outstanding Academic Title of 2016. In addition, she has edited collections on Wittgenstein,^[13] Cora Diamond,^[14] and Stanley Cavell.^[15]

Beyond Moral Judgment "defends a version of moral objectivism which turns on the idea that participation in moral life involves sensitivities, affective responses, and acquired proclivities: subjective capacities which nevertheless allow us to be receptive to objective features of the world,"^[16] and has been influential in recent discussions on ethics in aesthetics, film theory, feminism, and metaethics.^[17]

Crary's second book, Inside Ethics: On the Demands of Moral Thought (January 2016, Harvard University Press), discusses the nature and difficulty of moral thought about human beings and animals, addressing topics ranging from moral development to cognitive disability. As noted in a contemporary review,

Most contemporary ethicists assume that any objective representation of human and animal life must be developed outside of ethics, using the normatively neutral methods of, for example, the natural sciences. Crary, in contrast, argues that humans and animals have empirically observable moral characteristics, recognition of which is crucial to moral thought, but which are inaccessible to us when we limit ourselves to neutral methods. Good, "world-guided" moral thought, according to Crary, requires the use of capacities such as moral imagination, the exercise of which is elicited by methods (including various narrative techniques) that are characteristic of the arts and humanities. Works employing such methods contribute directly to moral understanding by drawing us into the imaginative exploration of other moral perspectives....Crary embarks on a radical re-visioning of objective reality as including, rather than excluding, moral values. The idea that reality includes objective moral values combines objectivism (the idea that moral judgments are essentially concerned with how things are) with internalism (the idea that moral judgments have direct bearing on our reasons for acting). The dominant stance in philosophical ethics, she points out, is to embrace a hard metaphysic that rejects one or both of these ideas. Crary identifies, as the unquestioned starting point for such a metaphysic, the "familiar and allegedly scientific worldview" (31) according to which the natural sciences have exclusive authority to tell us what reality is objectively like. A central part of [the book] is devoted to showing how both Peter Singer and Christine Korsgaard accept this starting point and embrace, in different ways, the hard metaphysic to which it leads.

— A.C. Westlund, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews 2016.07.13

Another review summarizes the main claims of Inside Ethics as follows:

Among the theses that Crary propounds in service of her ultimate goal are: there are observable and essentially practical moral properties, objectively describing humans and animals requires an ethical sensitivity to those moral properties, being a human and being an animal are by themselves morally significant properties, and literature is an irreplaceable vehicle of moral reflection for grasping the moral significance of humans and other animals....She proposes what I would call a post-Romantic perspective that takes our possibilities for moral response to be equally affective and rational. Crary encourages us to take more seriously the moral thought of those engaged with the most vulnerable humans and animals. This seems to me of the highest importance and part of an expansive program for moral thought that demands further philosophical exploration.

— John Hacker-Wright, Hypatia Online Reviews 292

While finishing her doctorate in philosophy at the University of Pittsburgh in the 1990s, she co-edited and wrote the introduction to The New Wittgenstein, which continues to influence debates over Wittgenstein's philosophy.^{[18][19][20][21]} She was a Humboldt Foundation Scholar in 2009–10 at Goethe University in Frankfurt and a Rockefeller Fellow in 2003–4 at Princeton University. Crary has lectured and taught widely in the U.S. and abroad in academic and public fora, including the University College Dublin Center for Ethics in Public Life, International Wittgenstein Symposium in Kirchberg Austria, the Columbia University Society of Fellows in the Humanities, the Center for Philosophy, Art, and Literature at Duke University, the University of Stavanger, Queen's University in Kingston Ontario, Colgate University, and Brooklyn Public Philosophers in NYC.

Crary is a member of a number of international research groups devoted to subjects such as feminist philosophy, ordinary language philosophy, and critical theory.

Graduate students and teaching

Crary currently directs eleven PhD theses in the Department of Philosophy at The New School for Social Research, where she inaugurated and has led both the Wittgenstein Workshop and a graduate student-oriented Works in Progress series. She received The New School's University Distinguished Teaching Award in 2005.

Crary's international educational activities have focused on the intersection of philosophy with critical theory and political philosophy. In the summer of 2014 she co-organized and taught the summer philosophy workshop at Humboldt University in Berlin, Germany. In July 2016, she served on the faculty of the Transregional Center for Democratic Studies at the 25th anniversary New School for Social Research Europe Democracy and Diversity Institute in Wroclaw, Poland. In 2017 and 2018 she co-organized (with Rahel Jaeggi) the Kritische Theorie in Berlin Critical Theory Summer School (Progress, Regression, and Social Change) in Berlin, Germany.

She will be the Tutorial Fellow in Philosophy and Christian Ethics, Regent's Park College, University of Oxford as of Fall, 2018.^[22]

Interviews, public events, and commentary

• Symposium on Inside Ethics at The Syndicate Network featuring commentary by Stanley Hauerwas, Anne-Marie Søndergaard Christensen, Aaron Klink, and Avner Baz, with extensive author responses, September 2018.
• "Stanley Cavell and the American contradiction", The New York Times (in the NYT philosophy blog, The Stone, with Nancy Bauer and Sandra Laugier), July 2, 2018.
• BBCR3 Interview about the philosophy and life of Stanley Cavell (with Stephen Mulhall), June 27, 2018.
• "Can trophy hunting ever be justified?", a debate with Michael Petrou in Prospect Magazine, Jan 24, 2018.
• “Comparisons Between Cognitively Disabled Human Beings and Non-Human Animals: Do They Have a Role in Ethics?” A public debate on the question with Peter Singer and Eva Feder Kittay, as part of the Ira W. DeCamp Bioethics Seminar Series, University Center for Human Values, Princeton University, 2017.
• “How Much Should We Care About Animals?”, A public debate on the question with Elizabeth Harman, Dale Jamieson and Shelley Kagan, sponsored by the Academy of Teachers and offered in partnership with the UNC Parr Center for Ethics and Columbia University Arts & Sciences, Division of Humanities, 2017.
• Against Occidentalism: An Interview with Alice Crary and Vishwa Adluri on "The Nay Science", from Social Research Matters, 2017.
• “Moral Progress in Small Steps” in Il Sole (translated into Italian), 2016.
• "Why Philosophy Needs Literature" from the APA Blog, 2016.
• Alice Crary on her newest book Inside Ethics, from Social Research Matters, 2016.
• "The Faulty Logic of the ‘Math Wars'", The New York Times (in the NYT philosophy blog, The Stone, with W. Stephen Wilson), June 16, 2013.^[23]

Personal life

Crary was a 1983-4 exchange student with Youth for Understanding in the southern German town of Achern. She was also a national champion rower at the Lakeside School (Seattle) in Seattle, Washington and placed 6th in the Junior Women's Eight at the 1985 World Rowing Junior Championships in Brandenburg, Germany.

In the 1980s, after studying liberation theology with Harvey Cox at Harvard Divinity School, Crary researched Christian base communities in southern Mexico and Guatemala. In the early 1990s, she was a teacher at the Collegio Americano in Quito, Ecuador.

Bibliography

Books – monographs

• Inside Ethics: On the Demands of Moral Thought (Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 2016). (Reviewed in Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews and Hypatia as well as Environmental Philosophy, the Nordic Wittgenstein Review, La Vie des Ideés, Choice, the Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, and The Journal of Animal Ethics). The book's philosophical content and linkage with liberal arts education are discussed in recent interviews at the APA blog and Social Research Matters as well as Il Sole 24 Ore (in Italian). Inside Ethics is also the subject of a 2018 Symposium at The Syndicate Network featuring commentary by Stanley Hauerwas, Anne-Marie Søndergaard Christensen, Aaron Klink, and Avner Baz, with extensive author responses (convened and edited by Sean Larson, Timothy J. Furry, and Ethan D. Smith).
• Beyond Moral Judgment (Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 2007). (Reviewed in Analytic Philosophy, Choice, The European Journal of Philosophy, Ethics (twice), Hypatia, Metapsychology Online Reviews, Mind, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews, Philo, and The Pluralist and discussed at a 2008 “Author Meets Critics” session at the Eastern Division Meeting of the APA.)

Books – edited volumes

• Wittgenstein and the Moral Life: Essays in Honor of Cora Diamond (Cambridge, MIT Press, 2007).
• Reading Cavell (New York, Routledge, 2006 (co-edited with Sanford Shieh)).
• The New Wittgenstein (New York, Routledge, 2000 (co-edited with Rupert Read)).

Selected articles

• "Cognitive Disability and Moral Status", in David T. Wasserman and Adam Cureton, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Disability (Oxford University Press, Online Publication Date Jun 2018) DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190622879.013.40.
• "Wittgenstein Goes to Frankfurt (and Finds Something Useful to Say)", Nordic Wittgenstein Review 7(1):7-41, June 25, 2018.
• "The methodological is political. What’s the matter with ‘analytic feminism’?" Radical Philosophy, RP 2.02, June 2018.
• "Putnam and Propaganda," Graduate Faculty Philosophy Journal, Vol. 38, Issue 2, 2017, pp. 385–398.
• "Feminist thought and rational authority: Getting things in perspective," New Literary History, Vol. 46, no.2 (Spring 2015), pp. 287–308.
• "A Radical Perfectionist: Revisiting Cavell in the Light of Kant," Journal of Aesthetic Education, Vol. 48, no.3 (2014), pp. 87–98.
• "Dogs and Concepts," Philosophy, vol.87, no.2 (April 2012), pp. 215–237.
• "W.G. Sebald and the Ethics of Narrative," Constellations, Vol. 19, no. 3, (Spring 2012), pp. 494–508.
• "A Brilliant Perspective: Diamondian Ethics," Philosophical Investigations, vol.34, no.4 (October 2011), pp. 331–352.
• "Minding What Already Matters: A Critique of Moral Individualism," Philosophical Topics, vol.38, no.1 (Spring 2011), pp. 17–49.
• "J.M. Coetzee, Moral Thinker," in Anton Leist and Peter Singer, eds., Coetzee and Ethics: Philosophical Perspectives on Literature (New York, Columbia University Press, 2010), pp. 249–268.
• "Ethics and the Logic of Life," in SATS: The Nordic Journal of Philosophy, vol.10, no.2 (2009), pp. 5–34.
• "Wittgenstein’s Commonsense Realism about the Mind" in Ilva Gustafsson, Camilla Kronqvist and Michael McEachrane, eds., Emotions and Understanding: Wittgensteinian Perspectives (London, Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), pp. 12–26.
• "Humans, Animals, Right and Wrong," in Alice Crary, ed., Wittgenstein and the Moral Life, pp. 381–404.
• "Wittgenstein and Ethics: a discussion in reference to On Certainty" in Daniele Moyal-Sharrock and William Brenner, eds., Readings of Wittgenstein’s On Certainty (London, Palgrave-MacMillan, 2005), pp. 275–301.
• "What Do Feminists Want in an Epistemology?" in Peg O'Connor and Naomi Scheman, eds., Re-Reading the Canon: Feminist Interpretations of Wittgenstein (University Park, PA, Penn State Press, 2002), pp. 97–118.
• "The Happy Truth: J.L. Austin’s How to Do Things With Words," Inquiry, vol.45, no.1 (Spring 2002), pp. 1–22.
• "A Question of Silence: Feminist Theory and Women’s Voices," Philosophy, vol.76, no.96 (July 2001), pp. 371–395.
• "Wittgenstein's Philosophy in Relation to Political Thought" in Alice Crary and Rupert Read, eds. The New Wittgenstein, pp. 118–145.
• "Does the Study of Literature Belong in Moral Philosophy? Some Reflections in the Light of Ryle's Thought," Philosophical Investigations, vol.23, no.4 (October 2000), pp. 315–350.

See also

• American philosophy
• List of American philosophers
• List of female philosophers

References

External links

• Institute for Advanced Study Homepage
• New School for Social Research Homepage
• PhilPapers Profile
• Recording of Prof. Alice Crary: "Wittgenstein and Ethics," lecture given on June 2, 2005 at the "Wittgenstein, Philosophy & Language" conference in Skjolden, Norway, June 1-4, 2005