Albertine Rift montane forests

Albertine Rift montane forests
	Bwindi Impenetrable Forest in Uganda
Ecology
Biome	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
Borders	Northern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic; East Sudanian savanna; Victoria Basic forest-savanna mosaic; Central Zambezian miombo woodlands; Southern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic; Northeast Congolian lowland forests; Rwenzori-Virunga montane moorlands;
Bird species	732[1]
Mammal species	228[1]
Geography
Area	103,900 km2 (40,100 sq mi)
Countries	Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda
Conservation
Habitat loss	27.433%[1]
Protected	12.48%[1]

The Albertine Rift montane forests ecoregion, of the tropical moist broadleaf forest biome, are in the heart of Afromontane tropical central Africa.

Geography

The high montane forests cover the western portions of Rwanda and Burundi, the eastern edge of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and portions of western Uganda and Tanzania. This area occupies the parallel Albertine Rift Mountains that enclose the western branch of the East African Rift. The mountain ranges include the Lendu Plateau of Uganda (the forest is almost completely cleared from here), and the Virunga Mountains and Rwenzori Mountains of Rwanda, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

At the highest elevations of the Rwenzori and Virunga ranges (above 3000 meters), the forests transition to the Afroalpine Rwenzori-Virunga montane moorlands ecoregion, including the high peaks of Mount Stanley and Mount Karisimbi. The highest peak in Burundi, Mount Heha however is in this ecoregion.

Urban areas and settlements

Developed and settled areas in the region include:

Uganda — the market town of Fort Portal, base for watching chimpanzees in Kibale National Park, and hub for visiting the Ruwenzori mountains to the north.
Rwanda — Ruhengeri (near the Volcanoes National Park, and the Lake Kivu towns of Gisenyi, Kibuye (for boats trips to Napoleon Island in the lake, and Cyangugu, base for watching primates in the Nyungwe Forest.
Democratic Republic of the Congo — the Lake Kivu cities of Goma, opposite Gisenyi and the base for visiting Virunga National Park) and Bukavu, opposite Cyangugu and near the Kahuzi-Biéga National Park, which is home to mountain gorillas but endangered due to the conflict in the region (see Second Congo War).
Burundi — the northwestern towns of Cibitoke and flood-ravaged Bubanza, and the southern city of Bururi where Bururi Natural Reserve preserves some of the Afro-montane forest.

Flora and fauna

The mountain rainforests of the ecoregion have a cooler climate than the Congolian lowland forests or the savanna of Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi, and therefore are home to a rich variety of Afromontane flora and especially fauna. The Albertine Rift montane forests are included on the Global 200 conservation list.

The rare mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) survives only in this ecoregion as do the L'Hoest's monkey, and a sub-species of the Hamlyn's monkey − as well as many endemic species of butterflies and birds including: Grauer's warblers, Chapin's flycatchers, and the Rwenzori turaco. The Lendu Plateau clawed frog is endemic to that landform in the ecoregion.

Conservation

Much of the forest has already been cleared for agriculture or for logging, especially in densely populated Rwanda and Burundi, but large areas of forest still remains in forest reserves and at higher altitudes in the Virunga, Itombwe, and Rwenzori Ranges. The forest clearance is ongoing and is a major threat to the ecology of the region.

The violent political and rebel history of the region in recent times has also caused damage to the ecological balance, for example almost eliminating the population of African bush elephants from Virunga National Park in the DRC.

Recreation

Visitor activities in the ecoregion's habitats include:

Mountain gorilla watching in the 434 square kilometres (168 sq mi) Virunga Conservation Area (VCA) of the Virunga Mountains, which includes:

Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in Uganda.
Virunga National Park in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda — former base of zoologist Dian Fossey.

Kibale National Park in Uganda.
Trekking in the Rwenzori Mountains, and within Ruwenzori Mountains National Park.

References

1 2 3 4 Hoekstra, J. M.; Molnar, J. L.; Jennings, M.; Revenga, C.; Spalding, M. D.; Boucher, T. M.; Robertson, J. C.; Heibel, T. J.; Ellison, K. (2010). Molnar, J. L., ed. The Atlas of Global Conservation: Changes, Challenges, and Opportunities to Make a Difference. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-26256-0.

External links

"Albertine Rift montane forests". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
Albertinerift.org: Albertine Rift Programme — of the Wildlife Conservation Society.
The Rwanda Tourist Board (ORTPN)
UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre.org: Volcanoes National Park
Footprint Adventures.uk: The Virunga Primates
Bebif.be: Albertine Rift Projects — of the Royal Museum for Central Africa − including native birds, butterflies, fish, & Rubiaceae family plants.

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[Atlas-1] 1 2 3 4 Hoekstra, J. M.; Molnar, J. L.; Jennings, M.; Revenga, C.; Spalding, M. D.; Boucher, T. M.; Robertson, J. C.; Heibel, T. J.; Ellison, K. (2010). Molnar, J. L., ed. The Atlas of Global Conservation: Changes, Challenges, and Opportunities to Make a Difference. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-26256-0.