Ahmed el-Tayeb

Mufti
Ahmed el-Tayeb
أحمد الطيب
Grand Imam of Al-Azhar
Assumed office
10 March 2010
President Hosni Mubarak
Mohamed Hussein Tantawi (Acting)
Mohamed Morsi
Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
Preceded by Mohamed Sayed Tantawy
Grand Mufti of Egypt
In office
March 10, 2002 – September 27, 2003
President Hosni Mubarak
Preceded by Nasr Farid Wasil
Succeeded by Ali Gomaa
President of Al-Azhar University
In office
2003–2010
President Hosni Mubarak
Preceded by Ahmad Omar Hashem
Succeeded by Abdallah al-Husseini
Ahmed el-Tayeb
Born Ahmed Mohammad Ahmed el-Tayeb
(1946-01-06) 6 January 1946
Kurna, Luxor Governorate, Kingdom of Egypt
Nationality Egyptian
Religion Islam
Denomination Sunni
Jurisprudence Maliki
Creed Ash'ari
Movement Sufi
Alma mater Al-Azhar University
Paris-Sorbonne University

Ahmed Mohammad Ahmed el-Tayeb (Arabic: أحمد محمد أحمد الطيب‎) (born January 6, 1946) is the current Grand Imam of al-Azhar and former president of al-Azhar University. He was appointed by the Egyptian President, Hosni Mubarak, following the death of Mohamed Sayed Tantawy in 2010. He is considered to be one of the most moderate Sunni clerics in Egypt.[1]

Early life

Tayeb was born in Kurna, Luxor Governorate. He studied Doctrine and Philosophy at Al-Azhar University, where he graduated in 1969, after that he had a Master's degree and Ph.D. in Islamic philosophy in 1971 and 1977 respectively. Later on, he went to study at the University of Paris for six months, from December 1977 to 1978. Afterwards, he held academic posts at Al-Azhar University, then administrative roles in Qena and Aswan, and he even worked at the International Islamic University, Islamabad in Pakistan in 1999–2000.[2]

Between 2002 and 2003, el-Tayeb served as Grand Mufti of Egypt.[3] El-Tayeb is a hereditary Sufi shaykh from Upper Egypt and has expressed support for a global Sufi league.[4][5] He has been president of Al-Azhar University from 2003 until 2010.[6][7]

National Democratic Party

Prior to his appointment as the Grand Imam of Al-Azhar and president of al-Azhar University, he was a member of Mubarak's National Democratic Party's Policies Committee.[1] He initially refused to resign from his position in the National Democratic Party (NDP) by saying that there was no conflict between his role at Al-Azhar and membership in the party.[8]

In April 2010, he resigned from his post in the party.[9]

Personal views

Muslim Brotherhood

In an article published shortly after his appointment as president of Al-Azhar University, he was described as "a regime loyalist and member of Mr Mubarak's ruling National Democratic Party [who] takes a firm stance against the Muslim Brotherhood".

Tayeb was quoted as saying that Al-Azhar University would "never be an open field for the Brotherhood".[1]

The same article reported that the Muslim Brotherhood's leader, Mohammed Badie, had congratulated Tayeb on his appointment. At the same time, the Brotherhood senior member, Sheikh Sayed Askar, also an Azharite, accused the government of "promoting one of its own at the expense of people better suited to the post".[1]

Criticism of intensified after the 2011 Egyptian Revolution. Some Muslim Brotherhood members accused him of being "a remnant of the ousted Mubarak regime and National Democratic Party".[10]

In 2011, following the Egyptian revolution, the Muslim Brotherhood held a rally at the Al-Azhar mosque to oppose what it described as the Judaization of Jerusalem. He said at the rally that "the al-Aqsa Mosque is currently under an offensive by the Jews" and "we shall not allow the Zionists to Judaize al-Quds [Jerusalem]". He also alleged that Jews around the world were trying to prevent Islamic and Egyptian unity.[11][12]

The rally was criticized by the New York Daily News as antisemitic.[13]

He backed the June 2013 Egyptian revolution[14] against Egyptian President Mohamed Morsi, a leader of the Muslim Brotherhood.[15]

Opposition to sectarianism

He has strongly rebuked the Salafi anti-Alawite preaching, which has increased since the Assad government, dominated by Alawites, cracked down on the Islamist rebels in the Syrian Civil War.[16]

Jews

In an interview which aired on Egypt's Channel 1 on October 25, 2013 (as translated by MEMRI), Tayeb stated, "Since the inception of Islam 1,400 years ago, we have been suffering from Jewish and Zionist interference in Muslim affairs. This is a cause of great distress for the Muslims.".

He also argued that "the Quran said it and history has proven it: 'You shall find the strongest among men in enmity to the believers to be the Jews and the polytheists'". He also claimed that Jews consider non-Jews to be "extremely inferior" and that Jews "practice a terrible hierarchy, and they are not ashamed to admit it, because it is written in the Torah – with regard to killing, enslavement, and so on".[17][18]

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

He has strongly condemned the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and stated that it is acting "under the guise of this holy religion and have given themselves the name 'Islamic State' in an attempt to export their false Islam"[19][20] and (citing the Quran).

"The punishment for those who wage war against God and his Prophet and who strive to sow corruption on earth is death, crucifixion, the severing of hands and feet on opposite sides or banishment from the land. This is the disgrace for them in this world and in the hereafter they will receive grievous torment".

He has been criticized for not expressly stating that Islamic State was heretical.[21][22] The Ash'ari school of Islamic theology - to which El-Tayeb belongs - does not allow calling a person who follows the shahada an apostate.[21]

Tayeb has strongly come out against the practice of takfirism, declaring a Muslim an apostate, which is used by Islamic State to "judge and accuse anyone who doesn't tow their line with apostasy and outside the realm of the faith" and declares "jihad on peaceful Muslims" by using "flawed interpretations of some Qur'anic texts, the prophet's Sunna, and the Imams' views, believing incorrectly that they are leaders of Muslim armies fighting infidel peoples in unbelieving lands".[23]

Wahhabism and Salafism

In late 2016, at a conference of over a hundred Sunni scholars in Chechnya, Tayeb defined orthodox Sunnism as "the Ash'arites and Maturidites (adherents of the theological systems of Imam Abu Mansur al-Maturidi and Imam Abul Hasan al-Ash'ari) ... followers of any of the four schools of thought (Hanafi, Shafi'i, Maliki or Hanbali) and ... also the followers of the Sufism of Imam Junaid al-Baghdadi in doctrines, manners and [spiritual] purification."[24] Having said that, Sheikh Ahmad al-Tayeb excluded the “Salafists” from the term of Ahluls Sunna (Sunnis) stating that Salafists – also known as Wahhabis – are not from among the Sunnis.[25] The conference was believed to have been designed to take an "uncompromising stand against the growing Takfiri terrorism that is playing havoc across the world."[26]

International conferences

Tayeb attended several international meetings held in different countries such France, Jordan, Unites States, Italy, Indonesia, Germany and Switzerland.[2]

Awards and honours

Books

This includes:

  • al-Jānib al-naqdī fī falsafat Abī al-Barakāt al-Baghdādi. Cairo: Dār al-Shurūq. 2004. ISBN 9770910783.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Abou el Magd, Nadia (March 21, 2010). "Mubarak appoints a new chief of Al Azhar". The National.
  2. 1 2 3 "شيخ الأزهر - فضيلة الإمام الأكبر الأستاذ الدكتور/ أحمد محمد أحمد الطيب". Azhar (in Arabic). 16 May 2016.
  3. ↑ Shahine, Gihan (25–31 March 2010). "'A good choice after all'; Will the appointment of a new grand sheikh restore Al-Azhar's credibility?". Al-Ahram Weekly. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012.
  4. ↑ Carnegie Endowment: "Salafis and Sufis in Egypt" by Jonathan Brown December 2011 | p 12 | "Ahmad al-Tayyeb, is a hereditary Sufi shaykh from Upper Egypt who has recently expressed his support for the formation of a world Sufi league."
  5. ↑ The New Arab: "IS threatens Egypt's Sufis after cleric murders" December 9, 2016 | The head of al-Azhar, Ahmed al-Tayeb, practises Sufism, as have many leading Sunni Muslim clerics over the centuries.
  6. ↑ "EGYPT: Moderate cleric the front-runner in race to take over powerful Sunni Muslim post". LA Times. 13 March 2010.
  7. ↑ Topol, Sarah (22 March 2010). "Egypt names Ahmed el-Tayeb sheikh of Al-Azhar University". Christian Science Monitor.
  8. ↑ El-Beheri, Ahmed (March 21, 2010): New sheikh of Al-Azhar: 'I won't resign from NDP', Egypt Independent
  9. ↑ Maher Ghali Katharina Natter, Diana (April 4, 2010): "Mubarak accepts Azhar Sheikh's resignation from NDP", Masress
  10. ↑ Essam El-Din, Gamal (November 30, 2012): "Constituent Assembly okays draft Egypt charter in night-time session", AhramOnLine
  11. ↑ Beck, Eldad (November 25, 2011). "Cairo rally: One day we'll kill all Jews". Ynet. Retrieved August 10, 2012.
  12. ↑ Muslim Brotherhood rally vows to 'kill all Jews' By Oren Kessler, Jerusalem Post, November 27, 2011. (accessed on August 17, 2012).
  13. ↑ Mikelberg, Amanda (November 26, 2011). "Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood holds anti-Semetic rally, draws thousands at Cairo's top mosque vowing to 'one day kill all the Jews'". New York Daily News. Retrieved August 10, 2012.
  14. ↑ http://www.ahram.org.eg/NewsQ/220292.aspx
  15. ↑ BBC News (July 4, 2013): "Q&A: Egypt military ousts Morsi" BBC News Service
  16. ↑ https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21580162-sectarian-rivalry-reverberating-region-making-many-muslims Islam’s old schism: Sunnis v Shias, here and there
  17. ↑ Sheik of Al-Azhar Ahmad Al-Tayeb Justifies Antisemitism on the Basis of the Koran, MEMRITV, Clip No. 4048, October 25, 2013. (video clip available here).
  18. ↑ Leading center of Sunni learning criticizes but does not accuse Islamic State of apostasy] by Ariel Ben Solomon, Jerusalem Post, December 14, 2014.
  19. ↑ Al Arabiya: "Head of Egypt’s al-Azhar condemns ISIS ‘barbarity’" Archived October 6, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. 3 December 2014
  20. ↑ Asharq Al-Awsat: "Egypt’s Al-Azhar stops short of declaring ISIS apostates - Azhar statement rejects practice of takfirism" December 13, 2014
  21. 1 2 Al Ahram: "In search of ‘renewal’ - Al-Azhar is at the centre of an escalating controversy" by Amany Maged 15 January, 2015
  22. ↑ Al Monitor: "Al-Azhar refuses to consider the Islamic State an apostate" Archived 2015-10-06 at the Wayback Machine. by Ahmed Fouad |"The sheikh of Al-Azhar, Ahmed al-Tayeb, repeated his rejection of declaring IS apostates on Jan. 1, during a meeting with editors-in-chief of Egyptian newspapers. This sparked criticism from a number of religious, political and media parties, especially since Al-Azhar could have renounced the Nigerian mufti’s statement on IS without addressing the issue of whether or not Al-Azhar considers the group apostates"
  23. ↑ Muslim World League: "Sheikh Al-Azhar Speech in opening of conference" Archived 2015-10-15 at the Wayback Machine. February 22, 2015
  24. ↑ "Islamic conference in Chechnya: Why Sunnis are disassociating themselves from Salafists" Sep, 09 2016 | He stated: “Ahluls Sunna wal Jama’ah are the Ash’arites or Muturidis (adherents of Abu Mansur al-Maturidi's systematic theology which is also identical to Imam Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari’s school of logical thought). In matters of belief, they are followers of any of the four schools of thought (Hanafi, Shaf’ai, Maliki or Hanbali) and are also the followers of pure Sufism in doctrines, manners and [spiritual] purification.
  25. ↑ Ibid., "Islamic conference in Chechnya: Why Sunnis are disassociating themselves from Salafists"
  26. ↑ "Islamic conference in Chechnya: Why Sunnis are disassociating themselves from Salafists" Sep, 09 2016
  27. ↑ "2013 Sheikh Zayed Book Award Winners Announced". zayedaward.ae. April 3, 2013. Archived from the original on November 10, 2013. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
Sunni Islam titles
Preceded by
Nasr Farid Wasil		 Grand Mufti of Egypt
2002-2003		 Succeeded by
Ali Gomaa
Preceded by
Mohamed Sayed Tantawy		 Grand Imam of al-Azhar Mosque
2010–Present		 Succeeded by
Incumbent
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