Maturidi

In Islam, a Maturidi (Arabic: ماتريدي‎) is one who follows Abu Mansur Al Maturidi's systematic theology (kalam), which is a school of theology within Sunni Islam. The school is known as Maturidism or Maturidiyyah. It is considered one of the orthodox Sunni creeds alongside the Ash'ari school.[1] Māturīdism has been the predominant theological orientation among Hanafis and the Ahl al-Ray (people of reason) and enjoyed a preeminent status in the Ottoman Empire and Mughal India. Outside the old Ottoman and Mughal empires, many Turkic tribes and Asian Muslims also believe in Maturidi theology.

Beliefs

The Maturidi view holds that:

  • All attributes of God are eternal and not separated from God.[2]
  • Ethics have an objective existence and humans are capable of recognizing it through reason.[3]
  • Although humans are intellectualy capable of realizing God, they need revelations of Prophets, because human desire can divert the intellect.[4]
  • Humans are free in determining their actions within scope of God-given possibilities. Accordingly, God has created all possibilities, but humans are free to choose. A concept known as occasionalism.[5]
  • The Quran is the uncreated word of God, however when it takes form (in sound or letters) it is created.
  • The Six articles of faith.[6]
  • Religious authorities need reasonable arguments to prove their claims.[7]
  • Support of science and falsafa.[8]
  • The Maturidis state that iman (faith) does not increase nor decrease depending on one's deeds; it is rather taqwa (piety) which increases and decreases. The Ash'aris say that faith itself increases or decreases according to one's actions.[9]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Maturidiyah". Britanicca. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
  2. ↑ Cenap Çakmak Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia [4 volumes] ABC-CLIO 2017 ISBN 978-1-610-69217-5 page 1014
  3. ↑ Oliver Leaman The Biographical Encyclopedia of Islamic Philosophy Bloomsbury Publishing 2015 ISBN 978-1-472-56945-5 page 311
  4. ↑ Cenap Çakmak Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia [4 volumes] ABC-CLIO 2017 ISBN 978-1-610-69217-5 page 1014
  5. ↑ Cenap Çakmak Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia [4 volumes] ABC-CLIO 2017 ISBN 978-1-610-69217-5 page 1014
  6. ↑ Oliver Leaman The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia Taylor & Francis 2006 ISBN 978-0-415-32639-1 page 41
  7. ↑ Ulli Roth, Armin Kreiner, Gunther Wenz, Friedo Ricken, Mahmut Ay, Roderich Barth, Halis Albayrak, Muammer Esen, Engin Erdem, Hikmet Yaman Glaube und Vernunft in Christentum und Islam Kohlhammer Verlag 2017 ISBN 978-3-170-31526-6 page 83
  8. ↑ Ulli Roth, Armin Kreiner, Gunther Wenz, Friedo Ricken, Mahmut Ay, Roderich Barth, Halis Albayrak, Muammer Esen, Engin Erdem, Hikmet Yaman Glaube und Vernunft in Christentum und Islam Kohlhammer Verlag 2017 ISBN 978-3-170-31526-6 page 83
  9. ↑ Cenap Çakmak Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia [4 volumes] ABC-CLIO 2017 ISBN 978-1-610-69217-5 page 1015
  • Article "Kalam" in The Encyclopedia of Islam, 1st edition.

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