Agnès Sorel

Agnès Sorel
Agnès Sorel as Madonna Lactans
Born 1422
Fromenteau (Yzeures sur Creuse), Touraine, France
Died 9 February 1450 (aged 28)
Jumièges, Normandy, France
Occupation Maid of Honour
Known for Royal mistress
Partner(s) Charles VII of France
Children Charlotte de Valois
Marie de Valois
Jeanne de Valois
Parent(s) Jean Soreau
Catherine de Maignelais

Agnès Sorel (1422[1] – 9 February 1450), known by the sobriquet Dame de beauté (Lady of Beauty), was a favourite, and chief mistress, of King Charles VII of France, by whom she bore four daughters.[2] She is considered the first officially recognized royal mistress.[3] She was the subject of several contemporary paintings and works of art, including Jean Fouquet's Virgin and Child Surrounded by Angels.

Life in the royal court

Virgin and Child Surrounded by Angels
(depiction of Sorel by Jean Fouquet)

The daughter of soldier Jean Soreau and Catherine de Maignelais, Sorel was twenty years old when she was first introduced to King Charles.[3] At that time, she was holding a position in the household of Rene I of Naples, as a maid of honour to his consort Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine. Sorel then went on to serve as the lady-in-waiting for Marie d'Anjou, Charles VII of France's wife and Isabella's sister in law. She would soon become his mistress.[3] The King gave her the Château de Loches (where he had been persuaded by Joan of Arc to be crowned King of France) as her private residence.[4]

Soon, her presence was felt at the royal court in Chinon where her company was alleged to have brought the king out of a protracted depression. She had a very strong influence on the king, and that, in addition to her extravagant tastes, earned her powerful enemies at court.[4] Sorel would become the first officially recognized royal mistress.[3]

Sorel generated scandal at court, particularly for championing the fashion of her wearing of low-cut gowns with a single breast fully bared.[5] This behavior was both imitated and scorned. Jean Juvénal des Ursins, the archbishop of Reims, counseled the king to correct such fashions as "front openings through which one sees the teats, nipples, and breasts of women" (ouvertures de par devant, par lesquelles on voit les tetins, tettes et seing des femmes).[6]

Children and death

Agnès gave birth to three daughters fathered by the King:

While pregnant with their fourth child, she journeyed from Chinon in midwinter to join Charles on the campaign of 1450 in Jumièges, wanting to be with him as moral support. There, she suddenly became ill, and after giving birth, she and her child died on 9 February 1450. She was 28 years old.[9] While the cause of death was originally thought to be dysentery, French forensic scientist Philippe Charlier suggested in 2005 that Agnès died of mercury poisoning. He offered no opinion about whether she was murdered.[10] Mercury was sometimes used in cosmetic preparations or to treat worms, and such use might have brought about her death. She was interred in the Church of St. Ours, in Loches. Her heart was buried in the Benedictine Abbey of Jumièges.[11]

Charles' son, the future King Louis XI, had been in open revolt against his father for the previous four years. It has been speculated that he had Agnès poisoned in order to remove what he may have considered her undue influence over the king. It was also speculated that French financier, noble and minister Jacques Cœur poisoned her, though that theory is widely discredited as having been an attempt to remove Coeur from the French court.

Her cousin Antoinette de Maignelais took her place as mistress to the king after her death.

Legacy

A 16th-century portrait after Jean Fouquet's 'Virgin and Child'

Sorel plays a main part in Voltaire's La Pucelle. Two Russian operas from the late 19th century also portray her, along with Charles VII: Pyotr Tchaikovsky's The Maid of Orleans and César Cui's The Saracen. She is also a featured figure on Judy Chicago's installation piece The Dinner Party, being represented as one of the 999 names on the Heritage Floor.[12] Two garments use Sorel's name in their descriptors, Agnes Sorel bodice, Agnes Sorel corsage and a fashion style named after her as well, Agnes Sorel style, which is described as a "princess" style of dressing.[13]

References

  1. ↑ Wikisource link to Sorel, Agnes. Encyclopædia Britannica. Wikisource. 1911.
  2. ↑ Katherine Wellman, Queens and Mistresses of Renaissance France, (Yale University Press, 2013), 44.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Wellman, Kathleen (2013). Queens and mistresses of Renaissance France. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300190654.
  4. 1 2 Editions Montparnasse. "France, la visite (DVD)". Editions Montparnasse. Archived from the original on 19 October 2005. Retrieved 26 April 2011.
  5. ↑ Canellas-Zimmer, Monique (2005). Histoires de mode. Les Dossiers d'Aquitaine. p. 24. ISBN 2-84622-119-7.
  6. ↑ Delany, Sheila (1998). Impolitic Bodies: Poetry, Saints, and Society in Fifteenth-Century England. Oxford University Press. p. 108-109. ISBN 0-19-510988-0.
  7. ↑ Vale, Malcolm Graham Allan (1974). Charles the Seventh. Yale University Press. p. 92.
  8. ↑ Wellman, Kathleen (2013). Queens and Mistresses of Renaissance France. Yale University Press. p. 191.
  9. ↑ Monks, Peter Rolf (1990). The Brussels Horloge de Sapience: Iconography and Text of Brussels. Brill. p. 10.
  10. ↑ "Europe , Joan of Arc 'relics' to be tested". BBC News. 14 February 2006. Retrieved 26 April 2011.
  11. ↑ Le Maho, Jacques (2012). Jumieges Abbey. editions du patrimoine. p. 22. ISBN 2-85822-397-1.
  12. ↑ "Agnes Sorel". Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art: The Dinner Party: Heritage Floor:Agnes Sorel. Brooklyn Museum. 2007. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
  13. ↑ Valerie Cumming; Valerie Cumming; C.W. Cunnington; P. E. Cunnington; C. W. Cunnington (1 September 2010). The Dictionary of Fashion History. Berg. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-84788-738-2. Retrieved 10 January 2012.

Further reading

  • Autheman, Marc. (2008). Agnès Sorel: l'inspiratrice. ISBN 978-2-84114-952-0
  • Desmondes, Tim. (2009). Agnes Sorel: The Breast And Crotch That Changed History. Austin: The Nazca Plains Corporation. ISBN 1-934625-71-X
  • D'Orliac, Jehanne. (1931). The Lady of Beauty: Agnes Sorel. First Royal Favourite of France. J.B. Lippincott Company. Translated by M.C. Darnton
  • Duquesne. (1909). Vie et Aventures galantes de la belle Sorel. Paris
  • Goldsmid, Edmund. (2010). A King's Mistress: Or, Charles Vii. & Agnes Sorel and Chivalry in the Xv. Century, Volumes 1–2. Charleston: Nabu Press. ISBN 1-146-95205-8
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