Adyghe morphology

Directional prefixes

Directional prefixes express the movement of the object and the direction of the verb.

Informative prefixes

Informative prefixes add additional information related to the verb like the location, the reason and the participants.

Negative (~мы~)

It is posited most often before root of verb, after all other prefixes.

• кIо /kʷʼa/ "go" → умыкIу /wəməkʷʼ/ "don't go"
• Iо (Iуэ) /ʔʷa/ "say" → умыIу /wməʔʷ/ "don't say"
• шъушх /ʂʷʃx/ "eat (plural)" → шъумышх /ʂʷəməʃx/ "don't eat (plural)"

When to use this Prefix :

• In Imperative case (To order someone to do a certain verb) - умыкӀу /wəməkʷʼ/ "don't go".
• In case to use together with the suffixes -ми (-mi), -эм (-am), -мэ (-ma), -ыу (-əw) and -и (-i) -

умыкӀомэ /wəmkʷʼama/ "if you don't go", умыкӀорагъоми /wəmkʷʼaraːʁʷami/ "even if you don't want to

go", мамкӀуу /maːmkʷʼəw/ "while he didn't want to go".

• In Infinitive suffix - мэмкӀон /wamkʷʼan/ "to not go".

Ащтыу	умышI!
[aːɕtu	wməʂʼ]
like that	don't do it
"Do not do this"

ау	шъумыкӏу!
[aːw	ʂʷəɕəmət]
there	don't go (plural)
"Don't go there (Said to several people)"

зыгори	ащ	ешъумыӏу
[zəɡʷari	aːɕ	jaʂʷəməʔʷ]
something	him/that	don't tell him (plural)
"Do not tell him anything"

Cannot be used simultaneously with both the negative prefix (мы~) (mə~) and the negative suffix (-п) (-p).

Optative mood (~рэ~)

To indicate a verb that someone wishes to happen, the verbal infix ~рэ~ (~ra~) is added.

Examples :

• макӏо /maːkʷʼa/ - (s)he goes → мэрэкӏу /marakʷʼ/ - may (s)he go.
• малӏэрэп /maːɬʼarap/ - (s)he doesn't die → мэрэмылӏ /maraməɬʼ/ - may (s)he won't die.
• охъужьы /waχʷəʑə/ - you are becoming healthy again → орэхъужь /waraχʷəʑ/ - may you become healthy again.
• сыкӏуачӏэ /səkʷʼaːt͡ʂʼa/ - I am strong → сэрэкӏуачӏ /sarakʷʼaːt͡ʂʼ/ - may I be strong.
• удахэ /wədaːxa/ - you are beautiful → орэдах /waradaːx/ - may you become beautiful.

мы	уцым	уерэгъэхъужь
мы	уцы-м	у-е-рэ-гъэ-хъу-жь
[mə	wət͡səm	wajraʁaχʷəʑ]
this	plant (erg.)	may it cure you
"may this plant cure you"

кӏалэм	сишхын	ерэшх
кӏалэ-м	си-шхын	е-рэ-шх
[t͡ʃʼaːɮam	səʃxən	jaraʃx]
boy (erg.)	my food	may (s)he eat it
"may the boy just eat my food."

кӏалэр	мэрэмыкӏуи	джары
[t͡ʃʼaːɮar	maraməkʷʼəj	d͡ʒaːrə]
the boy (abs.)	may (s)he doesn't go then	that's it
"If the boy just won't go that's it."

Interrogative mood (~а)

Questions are indicated by the suffix ~a /aː/, which, in verbs that end with /a/, lengthens the end vowel.

• макӏо /maːkʷʼa/ "he is going" → макӏуа? /maːkʷʼaː/ "is he going?"
• мэтхагъ /matxaːʁ/ "he wrote" → мэтхагъа? /matxaːʁaː/ "did he wrote?"
• кӏалэр машхэ /t͡ʃʼaːɮar maːʃxa/ "the boy is eating" → кӏалэр машха? /t͡ʃʼaːɮar maːʃxaː/ "is the boy eating?"
• шъокӏо /ʃʷakʷʼa/ "you (plural) are going → шъокӏуа? /ʃʷakʷʼaː/ "are you (plural) going?"
• отхэ /watxa/ "you are writing" → отха? /watxaː/ "are you writing?"
• машхэх /maːʃxax/ "they are eating" → машхэха? /maːʃxaxaː/ "are they eating?"

кӏалэр	къэущыжьыгъа?
кӏалэ-р	къэущыжь-агъ-а
[t͡ʃʼaːɮar	qawɕəʑəʁaː]
the boy (arg.)	did (s)he woke up?
"Did the boy woke up?"

дэгуха	мы	унэм	исыхэр?
дэгу-х-а	мы	унэ-м	ис-ыхэ-р
[daɡʷəxaː	mə	wənam	jəsəxar]
are they deaf?	this	house	the people that are in
"Are the people that are in this house deaf?"

If question is posited to word having negative suffix ~п (~p), it is converted to suffix ~ба (~baː). for example:

• макӏуа? /maːkʷʼaː/ "is he going?" → макӏоба? /maːkʷʼabaː/ "isn't he going?"
• ошӏа /waʃʼaː/ "do you know?" → ушӏэрэба? /pʃʼarabaː/ "don't you know?"
• мэтхагъа /matxaːʁaː/ "did he wrote" → мэтхагъэба? /matxaːʁabaː/ "didn't he wrote?"
• кӏалэр машха /t͡ʃʼaːɮar maːʃxaː/ "is the boy is eating?" → кӏалэр машхэба? /t͡ʃʼaːɮar maːʃxabaː/ "isn't the boy eating?"
• шъокӏуа /ʃʷakʷʼaː/ "are you (plural) going? → шъокӏоба? /ʃʷakʷʼabaː/ "aren't you (plural) going?"
• сыдаха /sədaːxaː/ "am I look beautiful" → сыдахэба /sədaːxabaː/ "doesn't I look beautiful"

кӏалэр	къэущыжьыгъэба?
[t͡ʃʼaːɮar	qawɕəʑəʁabaː]
boy (abs.)	isn't he woke up?
"Has not the boy woke up?"

кӏалэр	тиунэ	къакӏорэба?
[t͡ʃʼaːɮar	tiwna	qaːkʷarabaː]
boy (abs.)	our house	isn't he coming?
"Isn't the boy coming to my house?"

кӏалэр	тиунэ	къакӏоба?
[t͡ʃʼaːɮar	tiwna	qaːkʷabaː]
boy (abs.)	our house	he is coming to right?
"The boy is coming to my house right?"

Optative mood (~гъот)

Optative mood is expressed with the complex suffix -гъо-т: у-кIуа-гъо-т "would you go", п-тхы-гъа-гъо-т "would you write".

Frequentative (~жь)

The verbal suffix ~жь (~ʑ) designates recurrence/repetition of action. It can also be used to indicate an action that someone was doing before and now continuing it.

Examples :

• кӏо! /kʷʼa/ go → кӏожь /kʷʼaʑ/ go back
• къакӏу /qaːkʷʼ/ come → къакӏожь /qaːkʷʼaʑ/ come back
• къаӏу /qaːʔʷ/ say → къэӏожь /qaʔʷaʑ/ say again
• шхэ /ʃxa/ eat → шхэжь /ʃxaʑ/ eat again
• шхы /ʃxə/ eat it → шхыжь /ʃxəʑ/ eat it again; continue eating it

• In case the verb is being continued :

уиунэ	кӏожьи	уиӏанэ	лэжь
уи-унэ	кӏо-жь-и	уи-ӏанэ	лэ-жь
[wiwna	kʷʼaʑi	wiʔana	laʑ]
your house	go back and	your table	color it again
"Go back to your house and continue coloring your table."

• In case the verb is being repeated :

фылымым	зэдегъэплъыжь
фылым-ым	зэ-де-гъэ-плъы-жь
[fələməm	zadajʁapɬəʑ]
film (erg.)	let us watch it again together
"Let us watch the film again together."

• In case the verb is being repeated by someone else :

кӏэлэегъаджэм	къиӏогъагъэр	къэсфэӏотэжь
кӏэлэегъаджэ-м	къ-и-ӏо-гъагъэ-р	къэ-с-фэ-ӏотэ-жь
[t͡ʃʼaɮajaʁaːd͡ʒam	qəjʔʷaʁaːʁar	qasfaʔʷataʑ]
teacher (erg.)	the thing (s)he said (abs.)	explain it to me
"Explain me the things the teacher said."

Non-intervention (~жь)

The verbal suffix ~жь (~ʑ) designates performance of the action directly, without the intervention of another agent.

кӏалэм	тишхынхэр	къэтшӏуешхыжьых
кӏалэ-м	ти-шхын-хэ-р	къэ-т-шӏу-е-шхы-жьы-х
[t͡ʃʼaːɮam	təjʃxənxar	qatʃʷʼajʃxəʑəx]
boy (erg.)	our foods (abs.)	(s)he is eating without an intervention against our interests
"The boy is eating our foods."

дэпкъыр	уизакъоу	улэжьын	фай
дэпкъы-р	уи-закъо-у	у-лэ-жьы-н	фай
[dapqər	wəjzaːqʷaw	wɮaʑən	faːj]
wall (abs.)	you alone	(you) to color it without an intervention	must
"You will have to color the wall alone."

Too late (~жь)

The verbal suffix ~жь (~ʑ) also indicates an action that was done with a great delay, to the point it even might be too late or pointless.

къэгъэгъэ лӏагъэм	псы	чӏэбэгъэхьажьа?
къэгъэгъэ лӏагъэ-м	псы	чӏэ-бэ-гъэ-хьа-жь-а?
[qaʁaʁa ɬʼaːʁam	psə	tʂʼabaʁaħaːʑaː]
dead flower	water	are you making it go under it just now?
"Are you watering a dead flower?"

кӏалэм	нэущы	иэкзамен	феджэжьы
кӏалэ-м	нэущы	и-экзамен	ф-е-джэ-жьы
[t͡ʃʼaːɮan	nawɕə	jəʔakzaːmen	fajd͡ʒadʑə]
boy (erg.)	tomorrow	exam	(s)he is studying for it just now
"The boy is studying for the exam tomorrow."

To indicate to someone, not to bother doing a certain action, the negative infix ~мы~ (~mə~) and the suffix ~жьы (~ʑə) are added.

чэщы	мэхъумэ	сиунэ	укъэмыкӏожь
чэщы	мэхъу-мэ	ти-унэ	у-къэ-мы-кӏо-жь
[t͡ʃaɕə	maχʷəma	təjwəna	wəqaməkʷʼaʑ]
night	if it becomes	my house	do not bother coming to my house
"If it becomes night, don't bother coming to my house."

цӏыфым	умышӏ	емыӏожь	ышӏэгъахэу
цӏыфы-м	у-м-ышӏ	е-мы-ӏо-жь	ы-шӏы-гъа-хэу
[t͡sʼəfəm	wəməʃʼ	jaməʔʷaʑ	əʃʼaʁaːxaw]
person (erg.)	don't do that	don't bother telling him	after (s)he already done it
"Don't bother telling the person, "don't do it" after he already done doing it."

Completion (~гъах)

the verbal suffix ~гъах (~ʁaːx) designates absolute accomplishment/realization of the action.

• сэкӏо /sakʷʼa/ "I am going" → сыкӏогъах /səkʷʼaʁaːx/ "I already went"
• ощхэ /waɕxa/ "you are eating" → ущхэгъах /wəɕxaʁaːx/ "you already ate".
• мафэ /maːfa/ - day → мэфэгъах /mafaʁaːx/ - it was already day.
• дахэ /daːxa/ - pretty → дэхэгъах /daxaʁaːx/ - (s)he was already pretty.
• кӏэхьы /t͡ʃʼaħə/ - long → кӏэхьыгъах /t͡ʃʼaħəʁaːx/ - it was already long.

кӏалэр	еджапӏэм	мэкӏогъах
кӏалэ-р	еджапӏэ-м	мэкӏо-гъах
[t͡ʃaːɮar	jad͡ʒaːpʼam	makʷʼaʁaːx]
the boy (abs.)	school (erg.)	he already went
"the boy already went to school."

тэ	теджэгъах	экзаменым	Фэшӏыкӏэ
тэ	т-еджэ-гъах	экзамен-ым	Фэшӏыкӏэ
[ta	ted͡ʒaʁaːx	akzaːmenəm	faʃʼət͡ʃʼa]
we	we already studied	exam (erg.)	for
"we already studied for the exam."

To indicate an event that is happening after the absolute accomplishment/realization of an action, the suffixes ~гъах (~ʁaːx) and ~эу (~aw) are added. For example:

• сэкӏо /sakʷʼa/ "I am going" → сыкӏогъахэу /səkʷʼaʁaːxaw/ "While I done going.
• ощхэ /waɕxa/ "you are eating" → ущхэгъахэу /wəɕxaʁaːxaw/ "While you done eating".
• мафэ /maːfa/ - day → мэфэгъахэу /mafaʁaːxaw/ - While it was day.

сымышхэгъахэу	лаж	къысэмыӏу
сы-мы-шхэ-гъах-эу	лаж	къы-сэ-мы-ӏо
[səməʃxaʁaːxaw	laːʒ	qəsaməʔʷ]
while I am not done eating	work! (Imperative mood)	don't tell me
"Don't tell me to work while I haven't done eating"

мыӏэрысэр	сышхыгъахэу	къысэбэӏожьа	умышх
мыӏэрысэ-р	сы-шхы-гъах-эу	къы-сэ-бэ-ӏо-жьа	у-мы-шх
[məʔarəsar	səməʃxəʁaːxaw	qəsabaʔʷaʑaː	wəməʃx]
apple (abs.)	after I done eating it	are you telling me?	don't eat it!
"After I done eating the apple, are you telling me not to eat it?"

To indicate an event that happened after the absolute accomplishment/realization of an action, the suffixes -гъах (-ʁaːx) and -эм (-am) are added. For example:

• сэкӏо /sakʷʼa/ "I am going" → сыкӏогъахэм /səkʷʼaʁaːxam/ "When I already done going.
• ошхэ /waʃxa/ "you are eating" → ущхэгъахэм /wəɕxaʁaːxam/ "When you already done eating".
• мафэ /maːfa/ - day → мэфэгъахэм /mafaʁaːxam/ - When it was already a day.

сылэжьэгъахэм	сылъэгъогъ	кӏалэр
сы-лажьэ-гъах-эм	сы-лъэгъу-эгъ	кӏалэр
[səlaʑaʁaːxam	sɬaʁʷaʁ	t͡ʃʼaːɮar]
when i done working	I saw	the boy (abs.)
"When I done working, I saw the boy."

экзаменым	уфеджэгъахэмэ	къэтдэджэгу
экзамен-ым	у-ф-е-джэ-гъахэ-мэ	къэ-т-дэ-джэгу
[akzaːmenəm	wfajd͡ʒaʁaːxama	qatdad͡ʒaɡʷ]
exam (erg.)	when you done studying for it	play with us
"When you done studying for the exam, play with us."

To indicate not accomplishment/realization of an action, the suffix -гъах (-ʁaːx) and the negative suffix (~эп) (~ap) are added.

• сэкӏо /sakʷʼa/ "I am going" → сыкӏогъахэп /səkʷʼaʁaːxap/ "I still haven't done going.
• ошхэ /waʃxa/ "you are eating" → ущхэгъахэп /wəɕxaʁaːxap/ "You still haven't done eating".

экзаменым	феджэгъахэп	кӏалэр
экзамен-ым	ф-е-джэ-гъах-эп	кӏалэ-р
[akzaːmenəm	fajd͡ʒaʁaːxap	t͡ʃʼaːɮar]
exam (erg.)	(s)he still have not studied for	boy (abs.)
"The boy still have not studied for the exam."

сышхэгъахэп

[səʃxaʁaxap]

I haven't done eating

"I still have not done eating."

While (~эу)

To indicate an event that is happening while a certain verb is done, the suffix ~эу (-aw) is added to the verb. Usually this suffix is added to present tense verbs regardless if the whole sentence is about the past or future. For example:

• сэкӏо /sakʷʼa/ I am going → сыкӏоу /səkʷʼaw/ while I was going
• тэлажьэ /talaːʑa/ we are working → тылажьэу /talaːʑaw/ while we were working
• машхэ /maːʃxa/ (s)he is eating → машхэу /maːʃxaw/ while (s)he was eating

The verb with the suffix ~эу is usually followed by another verb that has a tense suffix indicating the time the sentence occurred. For example:

• сыкӏоу сылъэгъогъ /səkʷʼaw səɬaʁʷaʁ/ while I was going I saw.
• сыкӏоу сэлъэгъу /səkʷʼaw saɬaʁʷə/ while I am going I see.
• сыкӏоу сылъэгъущт /səkʷʼaw səɬaʁʷəɕt/ while I go I will see.
• сыкӏоу сылъэгъущтэгъ /səkʷʼaw səɬaʁʷəɕtaʁ/ I was going to see while going.

сыкӏоу	кӏалэр	слъэгъогъ
[səkʷʼaw	t͡ʃʼaːɮar	sɬaʁʷaʁ]
while I was going	the boy (erg.)	I saw
"while I was going, I saw the boy"

кӏалэр	мэщынэу	псым	хэхьэшъугъэп
кӏалэ-р	мэщынэ-у	псы-м	хэ-хьэ-шъу-гъэ-п
[t͡ʃʼaːɮar	maɕənaw	psəm	xaħaʃʷʁap]
boy (abs.)	while (s)he was afraid	water (erg.)	(s)he couldn't enter it
"The boy couldn't enter the water while being afraid."

зыпакӏэ	сыкӏощтыгъэу	укъысэджагъ
зыпакӏэ	сы-кӏо-щтыгъэ-у	у-къы-сэ-дж-агъ
zəpaːt͡ʃʼa	səkʷʼaɕtəʁaw	wəqsad͡ʒaːʁ]
somewhere	while I was going to go	you called me
"You called me while I was going to go somewhere."

To indicate an action that occurred instead of another action, the action that did not happen is expressed in the present tense form and it gets the suffix ~эу and the negative infix ~мы~. For example:

• сымыкӏоу сычъагъ /səməkʷʼaw sət͡ʂaːʁ/ instead of going I ran.
• сымыкӏоу сэчъэ /səməkʷʼaw sat͡ʂa/ instead of going I am running.
• сымыкӏоу сычъэщт /səməkʷʼaw sət͡ʂaɕt/ instead of going I will run.
• сымыкӏоу сычъэщтэгъ /səməkʷʼaw sət͡ʂaɕtaʁ/ instead of going I was going to run.

уемыджэу	тэ	къэтдэджэгу
уе-мы-джэ-у	тэ	къэ-т-дэ-джэгу
[wajməd͡ʒaw	ta	qatdad͡ʒaɡʷ]
instead of studying	we	play with us
"Instead of studying play with us."

умышхэу	лажь
у-мы-шхэ-у	лажь
[wəməʃxaw	ɮaːʑ]
instead of eating	work
"Instead of eating work."

кӏалэр	сэ	синэмым	къэсдэмыкӏоу	пшъашъэм	дэкӏуагъ
кӏалэ-р	сэ	синэм-ым	къэ-с-дэ-мы-кӏо-у	пшъашъэ-м	дэ-кӏу-агъ
[t͡ʃʼaːɮar	sa	səjnaməm	qasdaməkʷʼaw	pʂaːʂam	dakʷʼaːʁ]
boy (abs.)	I	cinema (erg.)	instead of coming with me	girl (erg.)	(s)he went with
"The boy instead of coming with me went with the girl to the cinema."

To indicate something before a certain verb was done, the suffix ~эу and the negative infix ~мы~ are added. In this case the verb should also get the tense suffix indicating the time.

унэм	умыкӏыгъэу	зыгъэпсыкӏ
унэ-м	у-мы-кӏы-гъэу	зы-гъэ-псыкӏ
[wənam	wəmət͡ʃʼəʁaw	zəʁapsət͡ʃʼ]
house (erg.)	before you get out of	take a shower
"Before you get out of the house, take a shower."

умыджэгугъэу	тӏэкӏу	едж
у-мы-джэгу-гъэ-у	тӏэкӏу	едж
[wəməd͡ʒaɡʷəʁaw	tʼakʷʼ	jad͡ʒ]
before you play	a bit	study
"Before you play study a bit."

еджапӏэм	семыжьэгъагъэу	къещхэу	къиублэгъагъ
еджапӏэ-м	се-мы-жьэ-гъагъэ-у	къещхэ-у	къ-иублэ-гъагъ
[jad͡ʒaːpʼam	sajmaʑaʁaːʁaw	qajɕxaw	qəjwbɮaʁaːʁ]
school (erg.)	before I started going to	while raining	it started (then)
"Before I went to school it stated raining."

Plural (~хэ)

In addition to distinguishing between singular and plural nouns by marking the latter with the suffix '-хэ' /-xa/.

• кӏалэ /t͡ʃʼaːɮa/ - boy → кӏалэхэ /t͡ʃʼaːɮaxa/ - boys.
• шхын /ʃxən/ - food → шхынхэ /ʃxənxa/ - foods.
• мафэ /maːfa/ - day → мафэхэ /maːfaxa/ - days.
• мэкӏуагъэ /makʷʼaːʁa/ - the one that went → мэкӏуагъэхэ /makʷʼaːʁaxa/ - the ones that went.
• макӏорэ /maːkʷʼara/ - the one that is going → макӏохэрэ /maːkʷʼaxara/ - the ones that are going.
• мэкӏотэ /makʷʼata/ - the one that will go → мэкӏотхэ /makʷʼatxa/ - the ones that will go.
• еджэрэ /jad͡ʒa/ - he one that is reading → еджэхэрэ /jad͡ʒa/ - he ones that are reading
• дахэ /daːxa/ - pretty → дахэхэ /daːxəxa/ - the pretty ones.
• кӏэхьы /t͡ʃʼaħə/ - long → кӏэхьыхэ /t͡ʃʼaħəxa/ - the long ones.

у	мэлажьэхэрэр	сишых
у	мэлажьэ-хэ-рэ-р	си-шы-х
[wə	maɮaːʑaxarar	səjʃəx]
those	the ones that are working (abs.)	they are my brothers
"Those guys that are working are my brothers"

To indicate a plural verb (verb that was done by more than one thing) also has the additional suffix '-хэ' /-xa/.

илъэсхэр	псынкӏэу	блэкӏых
илъэсхэ-р	псынкӏэ-у	блэкӏ-ых
[jəɬasxar	psənt͡ʃʼaw	bɮat͡ʃʼəx]
the years (abs.)	fast (adv.)	they are passing
"the years are passing fast"

Negative (~эп)

The Negation suffix is ~п (~p) and it's ~рэп (~rap) when the verb is

in present tense:

• мэкӀуагъ /makʷʼaːʁ/ - he went → мэкӀуагъэп /makʷʼaːʁap/ - "he did not go".
• окIо /wakʷʼa/ "you are going" → уыкIорэп /wəkʷʼarap/ "you are not going"
• тыкӀощт /təkʷʼaɕt/ - we will go → тыкӀощтэп /təkʷʼaɕtap/ - "we will not go".
• сэIо /saʔʷa/ "I am saying" → сыIорэп /səʔʷarap/ "I am not saying"
• шъушхагъ /ʂʷəʃxaːʁ/ "you (plural) ate" → шъушхагъэп /ʂʷəʃxaːʁap/ "you (plural) didn't ate"
• мафэ /maːfa/ - day → мафэп /maːfap/ - it's not a day.
• кӀалэ /t͡ʃaːla/ - boy → кӀалэп /t͡ʃaːlap/ - it's not a boy.
• дахэ /daːxa/ - pretty → дахэп /daːxap/ - he/she/it is not pretty.
• кӀэхьы /t͡ʃaħə/ - long → кӀэхьэп /t͡ʃaħai/ - he/she/it is not long.

Ахэр	къэкӏуагъэхэп
Ахэ-эр	къэ-кӀо-агъ-эх-эп
[aːxar	qakʷʼaːʁaxap]
the those (erg.)	they didn't come
"they did not come."

Кӏалэр	иныбджэгъумэ	ядэджэгурэп
[t͡ʃʼaːlar	jənəbd͡ʒaʁʷəma	jaːdad͡ʒaɡʷərap]
the boy (arg.)	his friends (erg.)	he doesn't play with them
"the boy does not play with his friends."

Непэ	чъыӏэп	фабэ нахь
[najpa	t͡ʂəʔap	faːba naːħ]
today	it is not cold	it is actually hot
"Today is not cold, it is actually hot."

Desirement (~рагъу)

To indicate something desired, the suffix (~рагъу) (~raːʁʷ) is added For example:

• сэкӏо /sakʷʼa/ "I am going" → сыкӏорагъу /səkʷʼaraːʁʷ/ "I want to go/.
• ушхагъ /wəʃxaːʁ/ "you ate" → ушхарэгъуагъ /wəʃxaraʁʷaːʁ/ "you wanted to eat".
• мэплъэт /mapɬat/ "he will look" → мэплъэрэгъот /mapɬaraʁʷat/ "(s)he will want to look".
• плъыжьы /pɬəʑə/ - red → плъыжьырагъу /pɬəʑəraːʁʷ/ - (s)he wants to be red.
• кӏалэ /t͡ʃʼaːla/ - boy → кӏэлэрагъу /t͡ʃʼalaraːʁʷ/ - (s)he wants to be a boy.
• дахэ /daːxa/ - pretty → дэхэрагъу /daxaraːʁʷ/ -(s)he wants to be pretty.
• кӏэхьы /t͡ʃʼaħə/ - long → кӏэхьырагъу /t͡ʃʼaħəraːʁʷ/ - (s)he wants to be long.

кӏалэр	пшъашъэм	иунэ	мэкӏорагъоп
кӏалэ-эр	пшъашъэ-эм	и-унэ	мэ-кӀо-рагъу-эп
[t͡ʃʼaːɮar	pʂaːʂam	jəwna	makʷʼaraːʁʷap]
the boy (abs.)	the girl (erg.)	his house	he don't want to go
"the boy don't want to go to the girl's house"

дышъэм	фэдэу	пшъашъэр	дэхэрагъу
[dəʂam	fadaw	pʂaːʂar	daxaraːʁʷ]
the gold (erg.)	like him	the girl (abs.)	(s)he wants to be pretty
"the girl wants to be pretty like a gold"

лxым	фэдэу	сыкӏочӏэрэгъуагъ
[ɬʼəm	fadaw	səkʷʼat͡ʃʼaraʁʷaːʁ]
the man (erg.)	like him	I wanted to be strong
"I wanted to be strong like the man"

Capability (~шъу)

The suffix ~шъу (~ʃʷə) designates the ability to perform the indicated action. It is used to indicated that the subject is able to carry out the indicated action. For example:

кӏалэм	шхыныр	фэшхышъурэп
кӏалэ-м	шхыны-р	фэ-шхы-шъу-рэп
[t͡ʃʼaːɮa,	ʃxənər	faʃxəʃʷrap]
boy (erg.)	the food (abs.)	(s)he does not manages to eat it
"The boy doesn't manages to eat the food."

лӏыжъэр	ныбжьыкӏэм	мэкӏошъущтыгъагъ	тэрэзэу
лӏыжъ-эр	ныбжьыкӏ-эм	мэкӏо-шъу-щт-эгъ	тэрэз-эу
[ɬʼəʐar	nəbʑət͡ʃʼam	makʷʼaʃʷəɕtəʁaːʁ	tarazaw]
old man (abs.)	when he was young	(s)he was able to go	correctly
"When the old man was young, he was able to go correctly."

унэм	уехьэмэ	псы	къысфэпхьышъущта?
унэ-эм	у-ехьэ-эм	псы	къы-с-фэ-п-хьы-шъу-щт-а
[wənam	wajħam	psə	qəsfapħəʃʷəɕtaː]
house (erg.)	when you enter the house	a water	could you bring it for me?
"when you enter the house, could you bring me a water?"

When the suffix ~шъу (~ʃʷə) is used on adjectives or nouns, it is to indicate the possibility of what the indicated adjective or noun can be.

• мэфэщт /mafaɕt/ - it will be day → мэфэшъущт /mafaʃʷəɕt/ - it could be a day.
• лъэжъуагъ /ɬaʒʷaːʁ/ - late → лъэжъогъэшъущтэгъ /ɬaʒʷaʁaʃʷəɕtaʁ/ - it could have been late.
• кӏалэ /t͡ʃʼaːɮa/- boy → кӏэлэшъущт /t͡ʃʼaɮaʃʷəɕt/ - it could be a boy.
• дахэ /daːxa/ - pretty → дэхэшъущт /daxaʃʷəɕt/ - it could be beautiful.
• кӏэхьы /t͡ʃaħə/ - long → кӏэхьышъущтэгъ /t͡ʃʼaħəʃʷəɕtaʁ/ - it could have been long.

мы	шхыныри	ӏэшӏушъущт
мы	шхыны-ри	ӏэшӏу-шъу-щт
[mə	ʃxənərəj	ʔaʃʷʼəʃʷəɕt]
this	the food as well (abs.)	it could be tasty
"This food also could be tasty."

иджы	мэфэшъущтыгъагъэба?
иджы	мэфэ-шъу-щты-гъагъэ-ба
[jəd͡ʒə	mafaʃʷəɕtəʁaːʁabaː]
now	couldn't it be a day?
"Couldn't it be a day now?"

Concessive mood (~ми)

To indicate an event that will happen even if something/someone does a specific verb, has the Suffix ~ми (~məj).

• мэкIуагъ /makʷʼaːʁ/ - he went → мэкIуагъэми /makʷʼaːʁaməj/ - even if he went.
• сэкIо /saːkʷʼa/ - I am going → сыкIоми /səkʷʼaməj/ - even if I am going.
• тыкIощт /təkʷʼaɕt/ - we will go → тыкIощтми /təkʷʼaɕtməj/ - even if we will go.
• мафэ /maːfa/ - day → мафэми /maːfaməj/ - even if it's a day.
• кIалэ /t͡ʃʼaːɮa/ - boy → кIалэми /t͡ʃʼaːɮaməj/ - even if it's a boy.
• дахэ /daːxa/ - pretty → дахэми /daːxaməj/ - even if he/she/it is pretty.
• кӏэхьы /t͡ʃʼaħə/ - long → кӏэхьыми /t͡ʃʼaħəməj/ - even if he/she/it is long.

кӏалэм	епӏуагъэми	къыодэӏущтэп
кӏалэ-м	епӏо-агъэ-ми	къы-о-дэӏу-щт-эп
[t͡ʃʼaːɮam	japʔʷaːʁaməj	qəwadaʔʷəɕtap]
the boy (erg.)	even if you told him	(s)he will not listen to you
"even if you told the boy he will not listen to you"

кӏалэр	мэкӏошъущтыми	нахьышӏу	мамыкӏомэ
кӏалэ-р	мэ-кӏо-шъу-щты-ми	нахьышӏу	ма-мы-кӏо-мэ
[t͡ʃʼaːɮar	makʷʼaʃʷəɕtəməj	naːhəʃʷʼə	maːməkʷʼama]
the boy (abs.)	even if (s)he can go	it is better	if (s)he don't go
"even if the boy could go it is better if he don't go"

улажьэми	ахъщэ	къыуатыщтэп
у-лажьэ-ми	ахъщэ	къы-у-а-ты-щт-эп
[wəɮaːʑaməj	aːχɕa	qəwaːtətaɕp]
even if you work	money	they will not give it to you
"even if you work they will not give you money"

Conditional mood (~мэ)

To indicate a result of a certain verb that if someone/something done, doing or will do, has the Suffix -мэ (-ma).

• мэкӏуагъ /makʷʼaːʁ/ - he went → мэкӏуагъэмэ /makʷʼaːʁama/ - if he went.
• сэкӏо /sakʷʼa/ - I am going → сыкӏомэ /səkʷʼama/ - if I go.
• тыкӏощт /təkʷʼaɕt/ - we will go → тыкӏощтмэ /təkʷʼaɕtma/ - if we will go.
• мафэ /maːfa/ - day → мафэмэ /maːfama/ - if it's a day.
• кӏалэ /t͡ʃʼaːɮa/ - boy → кӏалэмэ /t͡ʃʼaːɮama/ - if it's a boy.
• дахэ /daːxa/ - pretty → дахэмэ /daːxama/ - if he/she/it is pretty.
• кӏэхьы /t͡ʃʼaħə/ - long → кӏэхьымэ /t͡ʃʼaħəma/ - if he/she/it is long.

кӏалэр	мэлажьэмэ	ахъщэ	къыратыщт
кӏалэ-р	мэлажьэ-мэ	ахъщэ	къы-р-а-ты-щт
[t͡ʃʼaːɮar	maɮaːʑama	aːχɕa	qəraːtəɕt]
the boy (abs.)	if he work	money	they will give him
"if the boy work they will give him money"

усымаджэу	удэкӏымэ	нахьиу	усымэджэщт
у-сымаджэ-у	у-дэкӏы-мэ	нахьиу	у-сымэджэ-щт
[wəsəmaːd͡ʒaw	wədat͡ʃʼəma	naːħjəw	wəsəmad͡ʒaɕt]
while you are sick	if you go out	even more	you will get sick
"if you go out while you are sick, you will get even more sick"

учъэрагъомэ	унэм	икӏи	чъэ
у-чъэ-рагъо-мэ	унэ-м	икӏый	чъэ
[wət͡ʂaraːʁʷama	wənam	jət͡ʃʼəj	t͡ʂa]
if you want to run	the house (erg.)	get out (in order for something to happen)	run!
"if you want to go, get out from the house and go"

Can not be used simultaneously both the suffix -мэ (-ma) and the suffix -ми (-mi).

Conditional Mood II (~кӏэ)

The conditional mood can be indicated by adding the suffix ~кӏэ (~t͡ʃʼ). For example: Натрыфыр зы мафэ-мэфит1у губгъэм еты-к1э, зи щыш1ыщтэп - If the corn will be in the field a day or two, nothing will happen to it.

It is mostly used with the time prefix з~:

Фылымыр	къызыублэкӏэ	къысаӏу
Фылымы-р	къы-зы-ублэ-кӏэ	къы-с-аӏу
[fələmər	qəzəwbɮat͡ʃʼa	qəsaːd͡ʒ]
film (Abs.)	when it starts"	tell me
"tell me when the movie starts."

Шъхьэнгъупчъэр	къегъас	къызещхыкӏэ
Шъхьэнгъупчъэ-р	къегъас	къы-з-ещхы-кӏэ
[ʂħanʁʷəpt͡ʂa	qajʁaːs	qəzajɕxət͡ʃʼa]
windows (Abs.)	close	when it rains
"close the windows when it rains."

Connective (~и)

When the connective suffix ~и (-əj) is used on present tense verbs, it is to indicate a chain of different verbs that occurred in the past.

• макӏо /maːkʷʼa/ - (s)he is going → макӏуи /maːkʷʼəj/ - (s)he went and.
• сэкӏо /saʷʼa/ - I am going → сыкӏуи /səkʷʼəj/ - I went and.
• еплъы /japɬə/ - s(he) is looking at → еплъи /japɬəj/ - (s)he looked at it and.

кӏалэр	макӏуи	унэм	къеплъи	къэкӏожьэгъ
кӏалэ-р	макӏу-и	унэ-м	къ-еплъ-и	къэ-кӏо-жь-эгъ
[t͡ʃʼaːɮar	maːkʷʼəj	wənam	qajpɬəj	qakʷʼaʑaʁ]
the boy (abs.)	(s)he went and	house (erg.)	(s)he look at it and	(s)he returned
"the boy went, looked at the house and returned"

кӏалэр	мэкӏожьи	мые	къэсфихьэгъ
кӏалэ-р	мэкӏожь-и	мые	къэ-с-ф-ихь-эгъ
[t͡ʃʼaːɮar	makʷʼaʑəj	məja	qasfəjħaʁ]
the boy (abs.)	(s)he went back and	an apple	s(he) brought it for me
"the boy went back and brought me an apple"

When the suffix ~ни (-nəj) is used on present tense verbs, it is to indicate a chain of different verbs that will occur in the future or planned to be done in the future.

• макӏо /maːkʷʼa/ - (s)he is going → мэкӏони /makʷʼanəj/ - (s)he will go and.
• сэкӏо /saʷʼa/ - I am going → сыкӏони /səkʷʼanəj/ - I will go and.
• еплъы /japɬə/ - s(he) is looking at → еплъыни /japɬənəj/ - (s)he will look at it and.

кӏалэр	мэкӏони	псы	къэтфихьыщт
кӏалэ-р	мэкӏо-ни	псы	къэ-т-ф-ихьы-щт
[t͡ʃʼaːɮar	makʷʼanəj	psə	qatfəjħəɕt]
the boy (abs.)	(s)he will go and	water	(s)he will bring us it
"the boy will go and will bring us water."

уиунэ	сыкъэкӏони	тызэдеджэщт
уи-унэ	сы-къэ-кӏо-ни	ты-зэ-де-джэ-щт
[wəjwəna	səqakʷʼanəj	təzadajd͡ʒaɕt]
you house	I will come and	we will study together
"I will come to your house and we gonna study together."

мары,	зысгъэпсыкӏыни	сыкъыдэкӏыщт
мары,	зы-с-гъэ-псыкӏы-ни	сы-къы-дэкӏы-щт
[maːrə	zəsʁapsət͡ʃʼənəj	səqədat͡ʃʼəɕt]
just a moment	I gonna take a shower and	I gonna come out
"A moment, I gonna take a shower and gonna come out."

When the connective suffix ~и (-əj) is used in imperative mood, it is to indicate a chain of different verbs that the listener(s) should do at that moment.

• кӏон /kʷʼan/ - to go → кӏуи /makʷʼanəj/ - go and.
• еплъын /japɬən/ - to look at → еплъи /japɬəj/ - look at it and.
• шъушхын /ʃʷəʃxən/ - (you plural) to eat → шъушхи /ʃʷəʃxən/ - you (plural) eat and.

кӏуи	кӏалэр	улъэгъущт
кӏо-и	кӏалэ-р	у-лъэгъу-щт
[kʷʼəj	t͡ʃʼaːɮar wɬaʁʷəɕt]
go and	the boy (abs.)	you will see it
"go and you will see the boy"

лажьи	ахъщэ	къыуатыщт
лажь-и	ахъщэ	къы-у-а-ты-щт
[ɮaːʑəj	aːχt͡ʃa	qʷaːtəɕt]
work (in order for the event to occur)	money	they will give you money
"work and they will give you money"

When the suffix ~и (-əj) is added to past and future tense verbs, nouns and adjectives, it is to indicate the cause of a certain event.

• мэкӏуагъ /makʷʼaːʁ/ - (s)he went → мэкӏуагъи /makʷʼaːʁəj/ - because (s)he went.
• сыкӏошт /səkʷʼaɕt/ - I will go → сыкӏошти /səkʷʼaɕtəj/ - because I will go.
• мафэ /maːfa/ - day → мафи /maːfəj/ - because it is a day.
• кӏалэ /t͡ʃʼaːɮa/ - boy → кӏали /t͡ʃʼaːɮəj/ - because he is a boy.
• дахэ /daːxa/ - pretty → дахи /daːxəj/ - because s(he) is pretty.
• кӏэхьы /t͡ʃʼaħə/ - long → кӏэхьи /t͡ʃʼaħəj/ - because s(he) is long.

улэжьагъи	ахъщэ	къыуатэгъ
у-лэжь-агъ-и	ахъщэ	къыу-а-тэ-гъ
[wəɮaʑaːʁəj	aːχɕa	qəwaːtaʁ]
because you worked	money	they gave you it
"because you worked, they gave you money"

уцӏапӏи	ӏаеу	къыпдэзакӏох
у-цӏапӏ-и	ӏае-у	къып-дэзакӏо-х
[wət͡sʼaːpʼəj	ʔaːjaw	qəpdazaːkʷʼax]
because are mean	in a bad way	they are treating you like it
"because you are mean, they are treating you bad"

кӏалэр	мэкӏощтгъагъи	цуакъэхэр	щилъагъэх
кӏалэ-р	мэкӏо-щт-гъагъ-и	цуакъэ-хэ-р	щылъ-агъ-эх
[t͡ʃʼaːɮar	makʷʼaɕtəj	t͡sʷaːqaxar	t͡ʃaːlar]
the boy (abs.)	because (s)he was going to go	the shoes (abs.)	(s)he wear them
"because the boy was going to go, he wore the shes on."

пшъашъэр	дахи	кӏалэхэр	къеплъых
пшъашъэ-р	дахэ-и	кӏалэ-хэ-р	къе-плъы-х
[pʂaːʂar	daːxəj	t͡ʃʼaːɮaxar	qajpɬəx]
the girl (abs.)	because he/she is pretty	the boys (abs.)	they are looking at it
"because the girl is pretty, the boys are looking at her"

Until (~фэ)

To indicate an event that will happen until the verb is done, the verbal suffix ~фэ /~fa/ is added. For example:

• сэкӏо /sakʷʼa/ I am going → сыкӏофэ /səkʷʼafa/ until I am going
• сэкIуагъ /sakʷʼaːʁ/ I was going → сыкIуагъэфэ /səkʷʼaːʁafa/ until I was going
• тэлажьэ /talaːʑa/ we are working → тылажьэфэ /talaːʑafa/ until we were working
• мэшхэ /maʃxa/ he is eating → мэшхэфэ /maʃxafa/ until he was eating

The suffix ~нэс /~nas/ can also be used for the same meaning :

• сэкӏо /sakʷʼa/ I am going → сыкӏонэс /səkʷʼanas/ until I am going
• сэкIуагъ /sakʷʼaːʁ/ I was going → сыкIуагъэнэс /səkʷʼaːʁanas/ until I was going
• тэлажьэ /talaːʑa/ we are working → тылажьэнэс /talaːʑanas/ until we were working
• мэшхэ /maʃxa/ he is eating → мэшхэнэс /maʃxanas/ until he was eating
• кӏалэ /t͡ʃʼaːɮa/ - boy → кӏалэнэс /t͡ʃʼaːɮanas/ - until it is a boy
• мафэ /maːfa/ - day → мафэнэс /maːfanas/ - until it is a day
• фабэ /faːba/ - hot → фабэнэс /faːbanas/ - until it is hot
• шӏуцӏэ /ʃʷət͡sʼa/ - black → шӏуцӏэнэс /ʃʷət͡sʼanas/ - until it is black
• сыкӏуачӏэ /səkʷʼaːt͡ʃʼa/ - I am strong → сыкӏуачӏэнэс /səkʷʼaːt͡ʃʼanas/ - until I am strong
• чэщы /t͡ʃaɕə/ - night → чэщынэс /t͡ʃaɕənas/ - until it's night.

кӏалэр	мэкӏофэ	паплъ
кӏалэ-р	мэкӏо-фэ	паплъ
[t͡ʃʼaːɮar	makʷʼafa	paːpɬ]
the boy (abs.)	until (s)he goes	wait
"wait until the boy goes"

кӏалэр	къэсыфэ	зыб	ригъэхьыра?
кӏалэ-р	къэсы-фэ	зыб	ригъэхьыра?
[t͡ʃʼaːɮar	qasəfa	zəb	riʁaħraː]
boy (abs.)	until (s)he arrive	so much	he is taking (time)
"it's taking so much time until the boy arrives"

чэщынэс	лажьэгу
чэщы-нэс	лажьэ-гу
[t͡ʃaɕənas	ɮaːʑaɡʷ]
until it is night	work for now
"work until it is night"

Downward (~хы)

The verbal suffix ~хы /~xə/ designates action performed downwards or action performed towards a lower level :

• ехы /jaxə/ - to go down
• ефэхы /jafaxə/ - to fall down
• чъэн /t͡ʂan/ - to run → ечъэхын /jat͡ʂaxən/ - to run down
• плъэн /pɬan/ - to look → еплъэхын /japɬaxən/ - to look down
• пкӏэн /pt͡ʃʼan/ - to jump → епкӏэхын /japt͡ʃʼaxən/ - to jump down to
• итӏэрэн /jətʼaran/ - to fall into → етӏэрэхын /jatʼaraxən/ - to fall down into
• джыджэн /d͡ʒəd͡ʒan/ - to roll → еджыджэхын /jad͡ʒəd͡ʒaxən/ - to roll down
• еон /jawan/ - to hit → еохын /jawaxən/ - to strike down; to be shut downed
• дзын /d͡zən/ - to throw → едзыхын /jad͡zəxən/ - to fall down
• тӏысын /tʼəsən/ - to sit → етӏысыхын /jatʼəsəxən/ - to land

кӏалэр	унэм	еплъэхы
кӏалэ-р	ун-эм	еплъэ-хы
[t͡ʃʼaːɮar	wənam	japɬaxə]
the boy (abs.)	house (erg.)	(s)he is looking down
"The boy is looking down from the house."

бзыор	уашъом	къедзыхы
бзыу-р	уашъо=м	къ-едзы-хы
[bzəwar	waːʃʷam	qajd͡zəxə]
the bird (abs.)	sky (erg.)	it is falling
"The bird is falling down from the sky."

унашъхьэм	укъемыпкӏэх
унашъхьэ-м	у-къ-е-мы-пкӏэ-х
[wənaːʂħam	wəqajməpt͡ʃʼax]
roof (erg.)	don't jump down
"Don't jump down from the roof."

Upward (~е)

To designate action in an upward direction, the prefix д~ (d~) and the verbal suffix ~е (ja) are added.

• кӏон: to go → дэкӏоен: to go upwards.
• гъэкӏон: to make someone go → дэгъэкӏоен: to make someone go upwards; to rise a value.
• чъэн: to run → дэчъэен: to run upwards.
• ӏэтын : to raise → дэӏэтэен: to raise.
• цӏэлъэн : to crawl → дэцӏэлъэен: to climb.
• пкӏэн: to jump → дэпкӏэен: to hop upwards.
• лъэшъун: to drag someone → дэлъэшъоен: to drag someone upwards.
• быбын : to fly → дэбэбыен: to fly upwards to; to take off; to whirl to.
• плъэн : to look → деплъыен : to look upwards.
• хьын : to carry → дехьыен : to carry upwards.

волюмэр	дэгъэкӏуай
волюмэ-р	дэ-гъэ-кӏу-ай
[vɑljəmar	daʁakʷʼaːj]
volume (abs.)	raise
"Raise the volume."

кӏалэр	унашъхьэм	дэкӏуае
кӏалэ-р	унашъхьэ-м	дэ-кӏуа-е
[t͡ʃʼaːɮar	wənaːʂħam	dakʷʼaːja]
the boy (abs.)	house roof (erg.)	(s)he is going upwards
"The boy is going up to the roof."

For a while (~гу)

The suffix ~гу (~ɡʷ) designates that the indicated action was performed for a period of time. It might be used to indicated that the action will be performed quickly. For example:

• сэкӏо /sakʷʼa/ I am going → сэкӏого /sakʷʼaɡʷa/ I am going for now.
• сэкӏуагъ /sakʷʼaːʁ/ I was going → сыкӏуагъэгу /səkʷʼaːʁaɡʷ/ I went for a while.
• тэлажьэ /taɮaːʑa/ we are working → тэлажьэго /taɮaːʑaɡʷa/ we are working for now.
• машхэ /maːʃxa/ he is eating → машхэго /maːʃxaɡʷa/ he was eating for now.

This also can be add to noun and adjective :

• кӏалэ /t͡ʃʼaːɮa/ - boy (kʷʼa) → кӏалэгу /t͡ʃʼaːɮaɡʷ/ - it is a boy for now
• мафэ /maːfa/ - day → мафэгу /maːfaɡʷ/ - it is day for now
• фабэ /faːba/ - hot → фабэгу /faːbaɡʷ/ - it is hot for now
• дахэ /daːxa/ - pretty → дахэгу /daːxaɡʷ/ - (s)he is pretty for now
• дэхагъ /daxaːʁ/ -(s)he was pretty → дэхагъэгу /daxaɡʷ/ - (s)he was pretty for a while
• дэхэщт /daːxaɕt/ -(s)he will be pretty → дэхэщтыгу /daxaɕtəɡʷ/ - (s)he will be pretty for a while

кӏалэр	тучанэм	мэкӏуагъэгу
кӏалэ-р	тучанэ-м	мэкӏо-агъэгу
[t͡ʃʼɮar	təwt͡ʃaːnam	makʷʼaːʁaɡʷ]
the boy (abs.)	the shop (erg.)	he went for a while
"the boy went to the shop for now"

Томыр	еджэгуи,	къэтдэджэгушъущтыгоп
Том-ыр	еджэ-гу-и,	къэ-т-дэ-джэгу-шъу-щты-го-п
[tomər	jad͡ʒaɡʷəj	qatdad͡ʒaɡʷəʃʷəɕtəɡʷap]
Tom (abs.)	because (s)he is studying for now	(s)he can't play with us for now
"Because Tom is studying for now, he can't play with us for now"

паркэм	къэсыкӏохьыщтыгу
паркэ-м	къэ-сы-кӏохьы-щтыгу
[paːrkar	qasəkʷʼaħəɕtəɡʷ]
in the park (erg.)	I will go around for a while
"I will go around for a while in the park."

джэгуалъэм	сыриджэгурагъогу
джэгуалъэ-м	сы-риджэгу-рагъо-гу
[d͡ʒaɡʷaːɬam	sərəjd͡ʒaɡʷəraːʁʷaɡʷ]
the toy (erg.)	I want to play it for now
"I wanna play the toy for now"

Optative mood (~гъэет)

The verbal suffix ~гъэет (~ʁajat) or ~гъагъэет (~ʁaːʁjat) or designates optative mood.

• мэкӏуагъ /makʷaːʁ/ - (s)he went → мэкӏуагъэет /makʷʼaːʁajat/ - I wish (s)he would have gone.
• мэчъэгъагъ /mat͡ʂaʁaːʁ/ (s)he was running → мэчъэгъагъет /mat͡ʂaʁaːʁajat/ I wish (s)he would have run,
• сыплъагъ /səpɬaːʁ/ I looked at → сыплъагъэет /səpɬaːʁajat/ I wish I would have looked.
• даха /daːxa/ pretty → дэхэгъагъэет /daxaʁaːʁajat/ I wish I would have pretty.
• сыкӏочӏэ /səkʷʼaːt͡ʂʼa/ I am strong → сыкӏочӏэгъагъэет /səkʷʼat͡ʂʼaʁaːʁajat/ I wish I had been strong.

ӏэгуаор	футболы джэгумкӏэ	къэсфэптыгъагъэет
ӏэгуао-р	футболы джэгу-мкӏэ	къэ-с-фэ-п-ты-гъагъэ-ет
[ʔaɡʷaːwar	futboləmt͡ʃʼa d͡ʒaɡʷəmt͡ʃʼa	qasfaptəʁaːʁajat]
ball (abs.)	soccer game (ins.)	I wish you would have passed me it
"I wish you would have passed me the ball in the soccer game."

сэ	сынахь	кӏочӏэгъагъэет	ӏанэр	къэсыштэшъунэу
сэ	сы-нахь	кӏочӏэ-гъагъэ-ет	ӏанэ-р	къэ-сы-штэ-шъу-нэу
[sa	sənaːħ	kʷʼat͡ʂʼaʁaːʁajat	ʔaːnar	qasəʃtaʃʷnaw]
I	(I) more	I wish I had been strong	table (abs.)	for me to lift it
"I wish I had been more stronger to lift the table."

нахь	пасэу	сыкъэкӏогъагъэет
нахь	пасэ-у	сы-къэ-кӏо-гъагъэ-ет
[naːħ	paːsaw	səqakʷʼaʁaːʁajat]
more	early	I wish I had came
"I wish I had came earlier."

Diminution of degree (~рашъу)

To indicate a diminution of degree ("kind of"), the suffix ~пашъу (~raːʃʷ) is added. It is mostly used on verbs and adjectives and are rarely used on noun.

• макӏо /maːkʷʼa/ - (s)he is going → мэкӏорашъу /makʷʼaraːʃʷ/ - (s)he kind of going
• мапкӏэ /maːpt͡ʃʼa/ - (s)he is jumping → мэпкӏэрашъу /mapt͡ʃʼaraːʃʷ/ -(s)he kind of jumping.
• фабэ /faːba/ - hot → фэбэрашъу /fabaraːʃʷ/ - is it kind of hot.
• кӏуачӏэ /kʷʼaːt͡ʃʼa/ - strong → кӏочӏэрашъу /kʷʼat͡ʃʼaraːʃʷ/ - (s)he is kind of strong

а	лӏыжъыр	делэрашъу
а	лӏыжъы-р	делэ-рашъу
[aː	ɬʼəʐər	dajɮaraːʃʷ]
that	old man (abs.)	(s)he is kind of stupid
"The old man is kind of stupid."

Surprise mood (~уи)

The suffix -уи (-wəːj) indicates a surprise mood.

• кӏалэ /t͡ʃʼaːɮa/ - boy → кӏалэуи /t͡ʃʼaːɮawəj/ - is it really a boy?
• мафэ /maːfa/ - day → мафэуи /maːfawəːj/ - is it really a day?
• фабэ /faːba/ - hot → фабэуи /faːbawəːj/ - is it really hot?
• кӏуачӏэ /kʷʼaːt͡ʃʼa/ - strong → кӏуачӏэуи /kʷʼaːt͡ʃʼawəːj/ - is (s)he is really strong?
• мэкӏошъу /makʷʼaʃʷə/ - (s)he is capable of going → мэкӏошъууи /makʷʼaʃʷəwəːj/ - is (s)he really capable of going?
• усмэджагъ /wəsmad͡ʒaːʁ/ - you got sick → усмэджагъуи /wəsmad͡ʒaːʁwəj/ - you to become sick?

мы	унэр	зишӏыгъэр	шъузуи?
[mə	wənar	zəjʃʼəʁar	ʃʷəzwəj]
this	house (abs.)	the one who made it	is a woman?
"The one who made this house is a woman (surprised)?"

кӏалэм	еуагъэр	сэруи?
[t͡ʃʼaːɮam	jawaːʁar	sarwəj]
the boy (erg.)	the one (s)he hit	me?
"The one who hit the boy is me (surprised)?"

а	кӏалэ	кӏакор	кӏуачӏэуи?
[aː	t͡ʃʼaːɮa	t͡ʃʼaːkʷar	kʷʼaːt͡ʂʼawəj]
that	boy	the short one (abs.)	is (s)he really strong?
"That short boy is strong (surprised)?"

After the action connection (~эм)

To indicate an event that happened in the past after a certain verb was done, the suffix -эм (-am) is added.

• сэкӏо /sakʷʼa/ - I am going → сэкӏом /sakʷʼam/ - when I went.
• тэшхэ /taʃxa/ - we are eating → тэшхэм /taʃxam/ - when we ate.
• еплъых /japɬəx/ - they are looking at it → еплъыхэм /japɬəxam/ - when they looked at it.
• шъолажьэ /ʃʷaɮaːʑa/ - you (plural) are working → шъолажьэм /ʃʷaɮaːʑam/ - when you (plural) worked

сэкӏом	сишы	къэслъэгъогъ
сэкӏо-м	си-шы	къэ-с-лъэгъу-эгъ
[sakʷʼam	səjʃə	qasɬaʁʷaʁ]
when i went	my brother	i saw
"when I went I saw my brother."

пшъашъэр	унэм	ехьэм	янэ	ӏукӏагъ
пшъашъэ-р	унэ-м	ехьэ-м	янэ	ӏукӏ-агъ
[pʂaːʂar	[wənam	jaħam	jaːna	ʔʷət͡ʃʼaːʁa]
the girl (abs.)	the house (erg.)	when (s)he entered it	his/her mother	(s)he met him/her
"when the girl entered the house she met her mother."

лӏым	едж	къысеӏом	седжагъ
лӏы-м	едж	къы-с-еӏо-м	с-еджэ-агъ
[ɬʼəm	jad͡ʒ	qəsajʔʷam	sajd͡ʒaːʁ]
man (erg.)	study!	when (s)he told me	I studied
"when the man told me to study, I studied."

To indicate an event that is happening after a certain verb is done with no indication to the time it happened, the time prefix з~ and the suffix ~рэм (~ram) are added.

• сэкӏо /sakʷʼa/ - I am going → сызкӏорэм /səzkʷʼaram/ - whenever I go.
• тэшхэ /taʃxa/ - we are eating → тызшхэрэм /təzʃxam/ - whenever we eat.
• еплъых /japɬəx/ - they are looking at it → зеплъыхэрэм /zajpɬəxaram/ - whenever they look at it.
• шъолажьэ /ʃʷaɮaːʑa/ - you (plural) are working → шъузлажьэрэм /ʃʷəzɮaːʑaram/ - whenever you (plural) work

сэ	сызышхэрэм	сиӏэхэр	сэтхьакӏыжьых
сэ	сы-зы-шхэ-рэм	си-ӏэ-хэ-р	сэ-тхьакӏы-жьы-х
[sa	səzəʃxaram	səjʔaxar	satħaːt͡ʃʼəʑəx]
I	whenever I eat	my hands (abs.)	I am washing them afterward
"Whenever I eat, I wash my hands afterward."

унэм	чэщым	узкъихьэжьырэм	пчъэр	къегъэтэу шӏы
унэ-м	чэщы-м	у-з-къ-и-хьэ-жьы-рэм	пчъэ-р	къ-егъэтэ-у шӏы
[wənam	t͡ʃaɕəm	wəzqəjħaʑəram	pt͡ʂar	qajʁataw ʃʼə]
house (erg.)	at the night	whenever you enter it	door (abs.)	be used to lock it
"Whenever you enter the house at night, lock the door."

чылэм	сыздэкӏырэм	ахъщэ	сэӏыгъэ
чылэ-м	сы-з-дэ-кӏы-рэм	ахъщэ	сэ-ӏыгъэ
[t͡ʃəɮam	səzdat͡ʃʼəram	aːχɕa	saʔəʁa]
village (erg.)	whenever I go out	money	I am holding it
"Whenever I go out of the village, I hold money."

To indicate an event that happened right before a certain verb was going to be done, the suffix ~ным (~nəm) is added.

• сэкӏо /sakʷʼa/ - I am going → сыкӏоным /səkʷʼaram/ - the moment I was about to go.
• тэшхэ /taʃxa/ - we are eating → тышхэным /təʃxam/ - the moment we were about to eat.
• еплъых /japɬəx/ - they are looking at it → еплъыхэным /japɬəxaram/ - the moment they were about to look at.
• шъолажьэ /ʃʷaɮaːʑa/ - you (plural) are working → шъулажьэным /ʃʷəɮaːʑaram/ - the moment you (plural) were about to work.

сомпыютэрымкӏэ	къесхэхь горэ	къиухыным	сомпыютэрыр	къэсшӏокӏосагъ
сомпыютэр-ымкӏэ	къе-с-хэхь горэ	къ-иухы-ным	сомпыютэр-ыр	къэ-с-шӏо-кӏос-агъ
[kompəjutarəmt͡ʃʼa	qajsxaħ ɡʷara	qəjwxənəm	kompəjutarər	qasʃʷʼakʷʼasaːʁ]
in the computer (ins.)	something I download	the moment it was going to finish	computer (abs.)	it turned off against my interest
"The moment' something I download in the computer was about to finish, the computer turned off."

сызышхэным	сиукъэкӏыжьэгъ	сиӏэхэр	сытхьакӏынэу
сы-зы-шхэ-ным	с-и-укъэкӏыжь-эгъ	си-ӏэ-хэ-р	сы-тхьакӏы-нэу
[səzəʃxanəm	səjwqat͡ʃʼəʑaʁ	səjʔaxar	sətħaːt͡ʃʼənaw]
at the time I was about to eat	I remembered	my hands (abs.)	I (to) wash them
"When I was about to eat, I remembered to wash my hands. "

Recurrence (~расэ)

The verbal suffix ~рас (-raːs) designates recurrence, presence of a characteristic. It designates an action that someone often does. For example:

• макӏо /maːkʷʼa/ (s)he is going → мэкӏорас /makʷʼaraːs/ (s)he usually/often goes.
• еплъы /japɬə/ (s)he is looking at → еплъырас /japɬəraːs/ (s)he usually/often looks at
• ео /jawa/ (s)he is hitting it → еорас /jawaraːs/ (s)he usually/often hits it

сэ	лимон	сышхырасэрэп
сэ	лимон	сы-шхы-расэ-рэп
[sa	limom	səʃxəraːsarap]
I	a lemon	I don't eat it often
"I don't eat lemon often."
"I don't usually eat lemon."

кӏалэр	къэлэм плъыжьым	ритхэрас
кӏалэ-р	къэлэм плъыжьы-м	ри-тхэ-рас
[t͡ʃʼaːɮar	qalam pɬəʑəm	rəjtxaraːs]
the boy (abs.)	red pebcil (erg.)	he often writes with
"The boy often writes with the red pencil."

To indicate the subject or the object that usually or often do a certain verb, the suffix ~расэ (-raːsa) is added to the noun that was created from a verb. for example:

• макӏорэ /maːkʷʼara/ the one that is going → мэкӏорасэрэ /maːkʷʼaraːsa/ the one that is usually/often goes.
• зыдакӏорэ /zədaːkʷʼara/ the place (s)he is going → зыдэкӏорасэрэ /zədakʷʼaraːsa/ the place (s)he usually/often goes.
• еплъырэ /japɬəra/ the one that is looking at → еплъырасэрэ /japɬəraːsa/ the one that usually/often looks at
• зеплъырэ /zajpɬəra/ the one (s)he is looking at → зеплъырасэрэ /zajpɬəraːsa/ the one (s)he usually/often looks at
• ылъэгъурэ /jəɬaʁʷəra/ the one (s)he is seeing → ылъэгъурасэрэ /jəɬaʁʷəraːsa/ the one (s)he usually/often sees.
• зилъэгъурэ /zəjɬaʁʷəra/ the one that sees it → зилъэгъурасэрэ /zəjɬaʁʷəraːsa/ the one that usually/often sees it.

непчыхьэ	тызкӏорасэрэм	тышъугъакӏу
не-пчыхьэ	ты-з-кӏо-расэ-рэ-м	ты-шъу-гъа-кӏу
[najpt͡ʃəħa	təzkʷʼaraːsaram	təʃʷʁaːkʷʼ]
tonight	the place we often go (erg.)	let/allow us to go (said to plural)
"Let us go to the place we usually goes to."

кӏалэм	шоколадэхэр	ышхырэсэгъагъэх	бэрэ
кӏалэ-м	шоколад-эх-эр	ы-шхы-рэс-гъагъэ-эх	бэрэ
[t͡ʃʼaːɮam	ʃokolaːdaxar	jəʃxərasaːʁaːʁax	bara]
the boy (erg.)	chocolates (abs.)	he used to eat them often	a lot
"The boy used to eat chocolates a lot"

сэ	къэлэмэу	сызритхэрасэр	плъыжьы
сэ	къэлэм-эу	сы-з-ри-тхэ-расэ-р	плъыжьы
[sa	qalamaw	səzrəjtxaraːsar	pɬəʑə]
I	pencil (adv.)	the thing I often writes with (abs.)	red
"The pencil I usually writes with is red."

About to (~пэт)

To indicate a verb that is about to happened, the verbal suffix -пэт (-pat) is added.

сыкъаубытыпэтэгъ	кӏалэхэмэ
сы-къа-убыты-пэтэгъ	кӏалэхэмэ
[səqaːwbətəpataʁ	t͡ʃʼaːɮaxama]
they almost caught me	the boys (erg.)
"The boys almost caught me."

псым	уицуакъэкӏэ	ухауцопэтэгъ
псы-м	уи-цуакъэ-кӏэ	у-ха-уцо-пэтэгъ
[psəm	wəjt͡sʷaːqat͡ʃʼa	wəxaːwt͡sʷapataʁ]
water (erg.)	using your shoes (ins.)	you almost stepped into it
"You almost stepped into the water with your shoes."

сэ	себэджыпэтыгъэп
сэ	се-бэджы-пэтыгъ-эп
[sa	sajbad͡ʒəpatəʁap]
I	I didn't almost fell on the ground
"I didn't almost fell on the ground."

Always (~зэпыт)

To indicate that the verb is always happen, the suffix -зэпыт (-zapət) is added.

тучаным	тышъугъэкӏозэпытыщта?
тучан-ым	ты-шъу-гъэ-кӏо-зэпыт-ыщт-а?
[tut͡ʃaːnəm	təʃʷʁakʷʼazapətəɕtaː]
shop (erg.)	are you (pl.) gonna make us go always
"Are you (plural) gonna make us go to the shop all the time?."

кӏалэм	мые	ышхызэпытэгъ
кӏалэ-м	мые	ышхы-зэпыт-эгъ
[t͡ʃʼaːɮam	məja	jəʃxəzapətaʁ]
boy (erg.)	an apple	(s)he used to eat it always
"The boy used to eat apple all the time."

сэ	сэчъэзэпыт	щэджэгъожьым
сэ	сэ-чъэ-зэпыт	щэджэгъожьы-м
[sa	sat͡ʂazapət	ɕad͡ʒaʁʷaʑəm]
I	I am always running	at the after noon (ins.)
"I am always running after noon."

Just recently (~гъакӏ)

To indicate a verb that happened just recently, the suffix -гъакӏ (-ʁaːt͡ʃʼ) is added.

• мэкӏуагъ /makʷʼaːʁ/ - he went → мэкӏогъакӏ /makʷʼaːʁaːt͡ʃʼ/ - I just went recently.
• сышхагъ /səʃχaːʁ/ - I ate → сышхэгъакӏ /səʃxaʁaːt͡ʃʼ/ - I just ate recently.

ушхэгъакӏ	нэӏэ	ушхэжьырагъуа?
у-шхэ-гъакӏ	нэӏэ	у-шхэ-жьы-рагъу-а?
[wəʃxaʁaːt͡ʃʼ	naʔa	wəʃxaʑəraːʁʷaː]
you just ate recently	only	do you want to eat again
"You just ate recently, you wanna eat again?"

класым	иджы	скъихьэгъакӏ
класы-м	иджы	с-къи-хьэ-гъакӏ
[klaːsəm	jəd͡ʒə	sqəjħaʁaːt͡ʃʼ]
class (erg.)	now	I just came in
"I just came into the class right now."

класым	тыгъуасэ	сихьэгъэкӏэгъагъ	тестэр	къызеублэм
класы-м	тыгъуасэ	си-хьэ-гъэкӏэ-гъагъ	тестэ-р	къы-зе-ублэ-м
[klaːsəm	təʁʷaːsa	səjħaʁat͡ʃʼaʁaːʁ]	testar	qəzajwbɮam
class (erg.)	yesterday	I just entered recently (in the past)	test (arg.)	the time it started
"Yesterday after recently entering the class the test began."

Should have (~пхъагъ)

To indicate a verb that the subject should have done in the past and haven't, the suffix -пхъагъ (-pχaːʁ) is added.

• мэкӏуагъ /makʷʼaːʁ/ - (s)he went → мэкӀопхъагъ /makʷʼapχaːʁ/ - (s)he should have gone so.
• сыкӏуагъ /səːkʷʼaːʁ/ - I went → сыкӏопхъагъ /səkʷʼapχaːʁ/ - I should have gone so.
• тышхагъ /təʃxaːʁ/ - we ate → тышхэпхъагъ /təʃxapχaːʁ/ - we should have eaten.
• уӏуагъ /wʔʷaːʁ/ - you said → уӏопхъагъ /wʔʷapχaːʁ/ - you should have said so.
• къэпхьэгъ /qapħaʁ/ - you brought → къэпхьыпхъагъ /qapħəpχaːʁ/ - you should have brought.

сиунэ	укъакӏом	сидиск	къэпхьыпхъагъ
си-унэ	у-къа-кӏо-эм	си-диск	къэ-п-хьы-пхъагъ
[siwna	wqaːkʷʼam	sidisk	qaphəpχaːʁ]
my house	when you came	my disk	you should have brought it.
"When you came to my house, you should have brought my disk with you"

къэпӏопхъагъ	зэрэуимыӏэ	гущыӏалъэ
къэ-п-ӏо-пхъагъ	зэрэ-уи-мы-ӏэ	гущыӏалъэ
[qapʔʷapχaːʁ	zarawiməʔa	ɡʷəɕəʔaːɬa]
you should have said so	that you don't have it	a dictionary
"You should have said that you don't have a dictionary."

Area (~хь)

The verbal suffix ~хь /~ħ/ designates action performed on an area or repetition of the action in a certain area :

The reflexive verbal prefix зе~ (zaj~) and the verbal suffix ~хь(~ħ) are used together to indicate action performed by someone around the area or location they are standing in. It also designates repetition of the action around someone. for example:

• чъэн /t͡ʂan/ - to run → зичъэхьын /zəjt͡ʂaħən/ - to run around; to run in circles; to run repetitively.
• кӏон /kʷʼan/ - to go → зикӏохьын /zəjkʷʼaħən/ - to walk around; to walk in circles; to walk repetitively.
• плъэн /pɬan/ - to look → зиплъэхьын /zəjpɬaħən/ - to look around; to observe around; to look repetitively.
• он /wan/ - to hit → зиохьын /zəjwaħən/ - to strike around oneself.
• шъутырэн /ʃʷətəran/ - to kick → зишъутырэхьын /zəjʃʷətəraħən/ - to kick around oneself.
• зиукӏэхьын /zəjwt͡ʃʼaħən/ - to extend and stretch arms.

кӏэлэцӏыкӏум	зичъэхьыжьэу	унэм	ит
кӏэлэцӏыкӏу-м	зи-чъэ-хьы-жьэ-у	унэ-м	ит
[t͡ʼaɮat͡sʼəkʷʼəm	zəjt͡ʂaħəʑaw	wənam	jət]
little boy (erg.)	while running around	house (erg.)	(s)he is standing inside
"The little boy is running around in the house."
"Literary meaning : The little boy is in the house while running around.."

сэ	чъыгым	спысэу	зэсэплъэхьы
сэ	чъыгы-м	с-пы-сэ-у	зэ-сэ-плъэ-хьы
[sa	t͡ʂəɣəm	spəsaw	zasapɬaħə]
I	tree (erg.)	while sitting on a tree	I am looking around
"I am looking around while sitting on a tree."

гъогум	кӏалэм	зеплъэхьи	тет
гъогу-м	кӏалэ-м	зеплъэхьи	тет
[ʁʷaɡʷəm	t͡ʃʼaːɮam	zajpɬaħəj	tajt]
road (erg.)	boy (erg.)	(s)he is looking around	(s)he stands
"the boy is standing on the road looking around."

The verbal prefix къе~ (qaj~) and the verbal suffix ~хь(~ħ) are used together to indicate action performed on an area, for example:

• чъэн /t͡ʂan/ - to run → къэчъэхьын /qat͡ʂaħən/ - to run around it
• кӏон /kʷʼan/ - to go → къэкӏохьын /qakʷʼaħən/ - to go/walk around it
• плъэн /pɬan/ - to look → къэплъэхьын /qapɬaħən/ - to look around it; to scout

сэ	чылэр	къэскӏохьышт
сэ	чылэ-р	къэ-с-кӏо-хьы-шт
[sa	t͡ʃəɮar	qaskʷʼaħəɕt]
I	the village (abs.)	I will walk around
"I will walk around the village."

мэзым	хахьи	къэплъэхь
мэзы-м	ха-хь-и	къэ-плъэ-хь
[mazəm	xaːħəj	qaspɬaħ]
forest (erg.)	enter it and	look around it
"Enter the forest and scout around."

To indicate movement round an object, the prefix дэ~ (da~) and the suffix ~хь (~ħ) are added :

• ӏуашъхьэр къыдэкӏохьын: to walk/go around the hill.
• чъыгыр къыдэкӏохьын: to walk/go around the tree.
• унэр къыдэчъэхьын: to run around the house.
• ӏуашъхьэм къыдрикӏохьын: to walk/go around the hill.
• чъыгым къыдрикӏохьын: to walk/go around the tree.

ӏуашъхьэм	учӏымыкӏыэу	къыдэкӏохь
ӏуашъхьэ-м	у-чӏы-мы-кӏ-эу	къы-дэ-кӏо-хь
[ʔʷaːʂħam	wət͡ʂʼəmət͡ʃʼaw	qədakʷʼaħ]
hill (erg.)	while you are not going up it	go around it
"Instead of going up the hill, go around it."

The suffix ~хь (~ħə) can also be used together with the positional prefixes to indicate action performed on a definite area in a certain direction and position. for example:

• мэджыджэн /mad͡ʒəd͡ʒan/ to roll → теджыджэхьын /tajd͡ʒəd͡ʒaħən/ to roll on.
• теуцӏэлэн /tajwt͡sʼaɮan/ - to paint on → теуцӏэлэхьын /tajwt͡sʼaɮaħən/ - to scribble on.
• теӏэбэн /tajʔaban/ - to touch with fingers → теӏэбэхьын /tajʔabaħən/ - to touch something with fingers rapidly.
• мэстын - to burn → хэстыхьан - to burn in an area with some mass (like fire or lava).
• мэукӏын - to be killed → хэукӏэхьан to die in an area with some mass (like a liquid or gas); to die in a war.

унэ чӏэгъым	чӏаукӏэхьагъ
унэ чӏэгъы-м	чӏ-а-укӏэ-хь-агъ
[wəna t͡ʂʼaʁəm	t͡ʂʼaːwt͡ʃʼaħaːʁ]
under the house (erg.)	they killed him under
"they kill him under the house."

The verbal suffix ~хь(~ħ) can also be used to indicate action performed repetitively or action performed for a long extend or action performed nonstop (without interruption or break) or action performed entirely, for example:

• пыохьын : to entirely beat up someone; to beat someone nonstop
• теохьын : to entirely be hit by an explosion
• хэон: to hit someone hard → хэохьын: to hit someone hard repetitively
• тегущыӏэн: to speak about someone → тегущыӏэхьын: to discuss or talk about someone
• пыплъэн : to look on something → пыплъэхьын : to search on someone entirely
• теплъэн : to look on something → теплъэхьын : to search on something
• джыхэхъонэн - to curse someone directly → джыхэхъонэхьын - to curse someone nonstop

ахэр	лӏым	пыохьыгъэх
ахэр	лӏы-м	пыохьы-гъэ-х
[aːxar	ɬʼəm	pəwaħəʁax]
they (abs.)	man (erg.)	they beat him up
"they beat the man up"

къэрэгъулхэр	уиджанэ	пыплъэхьыщтых
къэрэгъул-хэ-р	уи-джанэ	пыплъэхьы-щт-ых
[qaraʁʷəɮxar	wəjd͡ʒaːja	pəpɬaħəɕtəx]
the guards (abs.)	your shirt	they gonna search on it
"the guards gonna search on your shirt"

Manner (~кӏэ)

To indicate the manner a verb is done, the verbal suffix ~кӏэ (t͡ʃʼa) is added. In the Shapsug dialect the suffix ~кӏьэ (~kʲʼa) is used instead.

• кӏо /kʷa/ - go → кӏуакӏэ /kʷʼaːt͡ʃʼa/ - manner of going; how to walk.
• лажь /ɮaːʑ/ - work → лэжьакӏэ /ɮaʑaːt͡ʃʼa/ - manner of working; how to walk.
• пкӏэ /pt͡ʃʼa/ - jump → пкӏакӏэ /pt͡ʃʼaːt͡ʃʼa/ - manner of jumping; how to jump.
• тхэ /txa/ - write → тхакӏэ /txaːt͡ʃʼa/ - manner of writing; how to write.
• дзы /d͡zə/ - throw → дзыкӏэ /d͡zət͡ʃʼa/ - manner of throwing; how to throw.
• зао /zaːwa/ - war; fight → зэуакӏэ /zawaːt͡ʃʼa/ - manner of fighting; how to fight.

кӏалэм	тэрэзэу	тхакӏэ	къырагъэшӏагъ
кӏалэ-м	тэрэзэу	тха-кӏэ	къы-р-а-гъэ-шӏа-гъ
[t͡ʃʼaːɮam	tarazaw	txaːt͡ʃʼa	qəraːʁaʃʼaːʁ]
boy (erg.)	correctly	manner of writing	they taught him
"They taught the boy how to write correctly."

кӏалэм	зэуакӏэ	ешӏэ	дэгъоу
кӏалэ-м	зэу-акӏэ	ешӏэ	дэгъу-эу
[t͡ʃʼaːɮam	zawaːt͡ʃʼa	jaʃʼa	daʁʷə]
boy (erg.)	manner of fighting	(s)he knows	good
"The boy knows how to fight well."

мыжъо	псынкӏэу	дзыкӏэ	озгъэлъэгъущт
мащинэ	псынкӏэу	фы-кӏэ	о-з-гъэ-лъэгъу-щт
[məʒʷa	psənt͡ʃʼaw	fət͡ʃʼa	wazʁaɬaʁʷəɕt]
car	quickly	manner of throwing	I will show you
"I will show you how to throw a rock quickly."

It is also possible to indicate the manner in which someone does a verb. for example:

• кӏо /kʷa/ - go → икӏуакӏэ /jəkʷʼaːt͡ʃʼa/ - his manner of walking.
• лажь /ɮaːʑ/ - work → илэжьакӏэ /jəɮaʑaːt͡ʃʼa/ - his manner of working.
• пкӏэ /pt͡ʃʼa/ - jump → ипкӏакӏэ /jəpt͡ʃʼaːt͡ʃʼa/ - his manner of jumping.
• тхэ /txa/ - write → итхакӏэ /jətxaːt͡ʃʼa/ - his manner of writing
• дзы /d͡zə/ - throw → идзыкӏэ /jaːd͡zət͡ʃʼa/ - his manner of throwing.

о	уиеджакӏэ	дэгъоп
о	уи-еджа-кӏэ	дэгъо-п
[wa	wəjjad͡ʒaːt͡ʃʼa	daʁʷap]
you	your way of studying	not good
"Your way of studying is not good."