Adelaide Botanic Garden

Adelaide Botanic Garden
The garden's 1877 tropical palm house
Location in City of Adelaide
Type Botanical
Location Adelaide, South Australia
Coordinates 34°55′05″S 138°36′39″E / 34.9181°S 138.6107°E / -34.9181; 138.6107Coordinates: 34°55′05″S 138°36′39″E / 34.9181°S 138.6107°E / -34.9181; 138.6107
Area 51-hectare (130-acre)
Opened 1857
Website www.botanicgardens.sa.gov.au

The Adelaide Botanic Garden is a 51-hectare (130-acre) public garden at the north-east corner of the Adelaide city centre, in the Adelaide Park Lands. It encompasses a fenced garden on North Terrace (between the old Royal Adelaide Hospital site and the National Wine Centre) and behind it the Botanic Park (adjacent to the Adelaide Zoo). The Adelaide Botanic Garden and adjacent State Herbarium, together with the Wittunga and Mt Lofty Botanic Gardens, are administered by the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium of South Australia, a State Government statutory authority.

Site

From the first official survey carried out for the map of Adelaide, Colonel William Light intended for the planned city to have a 'botanical garden'. To this end, he designated a naturally occurring Ait of land that had formed in the course of the River Torrens. However, it wasn't until 1854, after a public appeal to Governor Sir Henry Young that gardens were established at the current location. They were founded the following year and officially opened in 1857. The garden's design was influenced by the Royal Gardens at Kew, England and Versailles, France.

Directors

The first director of the Adelaide Botanic Garden was George William Francis (1857 - 1865).[1] First appointed as Superintendent of the Botanic Garden in March 1855, he subsequently became its first Director on its official opening to the public in 1857. Francis established the first herbarium and botanical library in Adelaide, and Hakea francisiana, an Australian shrub that grows to 4 metres, is named after him.

Francis was succeeded in 1865 by the botanist Dr Richard Moritz Schomburgk, brother to the German naturalist Robert Hermann Schomburgk. He was a major advocate for the establishment of forest reserves in the increasingly denuded South Australian countryside.[2] Dr Schomburgk's successor, Dr M. W. Holtze I.S.O., did much to make the gardens more attractive to the general public.[3]

Dr Lucy Sutherland was appointed as the current Director in 2016[4].

Displays

Amongst other scientific and educational displays of native and international horticulture, the gardens hold one of the earliest propagated specimens of the Wollemi Pine tree, which was discovered as recently as 1994.[5]

Palm House

The Palm (or tropical) House's entrance
Inside the Palm House

The Palm, or Tropical, House is a Victorian-era glasshouse located to the west of the main lake. It was designed by the German architect Gustav Runge (1822-1900) and imported from Bremen, Germany in 1875. It was opened in 1877 and has been restored in 1995 and 2018. It is the second-oldest glasshouse in Australia, and the only known one of German manufacture from that period left in the world, all others having been destroyed during World War II. Originally housing tropical flora, due to corrosion problems, since the early 1990s it has held a collection of Malagasy arid flora.[6][7]

Rose garden

An early morning view of the rose garden, with the Bicentennial Conservatory in the background

Begun in 1996, the National Rose Trial Garden is the first garden of its kind in Australia where roses are tested for their suitability for Australian climates. The Garden is a joint venture between the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide, the National Rose Trial Society of Australia and the rose industry. It has been built on part of the former Municipal Tramways Trust Hackney Depot. Roses are planted in groups such as, Noisette Roses, Bourbon Roses, Tea Roses, Ramblers, and Perpetual Roses. A trial is conducted over two growing seasons and all plants are treated equally with regard to horticultural practices. The roses are judged by a panel of 10 experienced rosarians who view them and allocate points over the two growing seasons. The results are announced publicly at the end of the trial and the best performing roses receive an award.

While in Adelaide in 2004, Sir Cliff Richard planted a rose named ‘Sir Cliff Richard’ in the Rose Garden surrounded by a small group of fans and rose enthusiasts. Sales of the rose support the Bone Growth Foundation.

Bicentennial conservatory

Adelaide's Bicentennial Conservatory

As part of Adelaide's celebration of the Australian Bicentenary the conservatory was constructed in 1987 and opened in late 1989. The building was designed by local architect Guy Maron and has won awards for its design, engineering and landscaping. It is 100 metres (328 ft) long, 47 metres (154 ft) wide and 27 metres (89 ft) high making it the largest single span conservatory in the southern hemisphere. The conservatory houses at risk or endangered tropical rainforest plants from northern Australia, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and south Pacific Islands.[8] However, in early 2012 a controversial decision was announced, to remove tropical plants from the Conservatory due to rising power costs.[9][10]

In April 2012 the entry fee to the conservatory was abolished and visitor numbers were expected to increase, despite rising energy costs and budget cuts resulting in the building no longer being heated.[11][12]

Historic buildings

The Goodman building from Hackney Road
The Museum of Economic Botany

Santos Museum of Economic Botany

The Museum of Economic Botany is dedicated to the collection and interpretation of ‘useful’ plants. It was established by Schomburgk in 1879.[13] Described as "the last purpose-built colonial museum in the world"[14] it is located within the Gardens a short distance to the west of the Goodman Building. Built in Greek revival style and opened in May 1881, the building and its interior were extensively restored during 2008-09.[15] The restoration works were assisted by a grant from the Government of Australia for $1.125 million[16] and sponsorship by South Australian oil and gas company, Santos. The sponsorship arrangement also included naming rights and a commitment to ongoing support of the museum's exhibition program. Much of the collection originally on display in 1881 has been reinstated including a collection of papier mache and stucco replicas of various fruits and fungi. A unique contemporary space for temporary exhibitions within the museum was created by Khai Liew Design.[17] Displays of aboriginal artifacts, a subject neglected by the original museum, were prepared in collaboration with the South Australian Museum.[16] The museum is notable for the completeness of its preservation. The building, its interior decoration, showcases, collections and even many labels have survived from as early as 1865. The Museum is on the Register of State Heritage Items, the Register of the City of Adelaide Heritage Items, and has been classified by the National Trust of Australia.[17]

Goodman Building

The administrative headquarters of the Botanic Gardens are located in the historic Goodman building, at the Hackney Road entrance on the eastern side of the Gardens. This was built in 1909 as the headquarters of the Municipal Tramways Trust, and named for its longtime Chief Engineer and General Manager W. G. T. Goodman. The adjacent Tram Barn A has been converted to hold the State Herbarium.

Cascade glass sculpture by Sergio Redegalli, south of the Bicentennial Conservatory

First Creek Wetlands

In order to reduce the Gardens' reliance on potable water from the River Murray, a new wetlands system was constructed south of the Bicentennial Conservatory to hold stormwater diverted from First Creek. The wetlands form part of an aquifer storage and recovery system which is expected to have a usable capacity of 100 megalitres per year.[18][19] The project was launched in March 2011 and was opened in November 2013. The 2.6-hectare (6.4-acre) site also features a trail of interpretive signage, tiered garden beds showcasing aquatic plants and three large ponds with reed-beds which support a diverse range of native wildlife.[20]

Adelaide Botanic Gardens Foundation

The gardens receives funding from the Government of South Australia, supplemented by sponsorship and community donations administered by the Adelaide Botanic Gardens Foundation. Funds are raised for the purposes of "scientific research, education, acquisition and maintenance of living collections and for the long-term financial security of the Gardens." The Adelaide Botanic Gardens Foundation is the trustee of the not-for-profit Adelaide Botanic Gardens Foundation Fund and has deductible gift recipient status for taxation purposes.[21]

The chairman of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens Foundation is Richard Nunn, currently Chief Executive Officer of South Australian pension company Statewide Super, which is headquartered in Adelaide.[21]

Sponsorship

As of 2012, the gardens receives support from major sponsors News Limited, Santos, SA Water, BHP Billiton and WorkCoverSA. Other sponsors include ATCO, Orlando Wines, Urban Renewal Authority, Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges Natural Resources Management Board, Neutrog Fertilisers, Bank SA and Haigh’s Chocolates.[22]

Research

The Botanic Garden and State Herbarium has published a scientific journal, Swainsona (formerly the Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Garden, J. Adelaide Bot. Gard.), since 1975.

New expansions

The demolition of a couple of non-heritage buildings in the old Royal Adelaide Hospital site has meant that parts of the garden need to be blocked for safety reasons. This land may be given back to the Adelaide Botanic Gardens.[23][24]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Design, UBC Web. "George William Francis | Monument Australia". monumentaustralia.org.au. Retrieved 2017-06-26.
  2. ↑ D.W. Meinig, On the Margins of the Good Earth, Rigby, 1962, 72
  3. ↑ Kraehenbuehl, D. K. Holtze, Maurice William (1840 - 1923) Australian Dictionary of Biography Online, accessed 20 March 2011
  4. ↑ Dr Lucy Sutherland named Botanic Gardens' new Director
  5. ↑ DENR > Botanic Gardens > Wollemi Pine Accessed 30 June 2012.
  6. ↑ Palm House at Adelaide's Botanic Gardens stands alone as example of German glasshouse design ABC Radio Adelaide, 31 August 2018. Retrieved 31 August 2018.
  7. ↑ Adelaide Botanic Garden > Palm House Retrieved 2 September 2018.
  8. ↑ DENR > Botanic Garden > Bicentennial Conservatory Accessed 30 June 2012
  9. ↑ Fury grows over plan to close Bicentennial Conservatory AdelaideNow, 12 January 2012. Accessed 30 June 2012.
  10. ↑ Rising power costs hit government offices AdelaideNow, 15 January 2012. Accessed 30 June 2012.
  11. ↑ Friends of the Botanic Gardens in plea for money, AdelaideNow, 18 May 2012. Accessed 26 June 2012.
  12. ↑ Conservatory cleans up on visitors with free entry, AdelaideNow, 26 May 2012. Accessed 26 June 2012.
  13. ↑ The Botanic Gardens Museum. South Australian Register, 6 October 1879. From the National Library of Australia, TROVE collection. Accessed 26 June 2012.
  14. ↑ Department of Environment and Natural Resources > Botanic Gardens > Santos Museum of Economic Botany Accessed 26 June 2012.
  15. ↑ Treasure trove of 1881 heritage The Advertiser, 18 October 2008. Accessed 30 June 2012.
  16. 1 2 Santos Museum of Economic Botany Archived 26 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Friends of the Botanic Gardens of Adelaide. Retrieved 2014-01-04.
  17. 1 2 Santos Museum of Economic Botany SA Community History. Retrieved 2014-01-05.
  18. ↑ Botanic Garden branches out with wetlands AdelaideNow, 16 August 2010. Accessed 30 June 2012.
  19. ↑ $8.7m wetland project launched for Botanic Gardens AdelaideNow, 10 March 2011. Accessed 30 June 2012.
  20. ↑ Nankervis, David "$10 million-plus wetlands project opens at Botanic Gardens on Friday" The Advertiser (2013-11-20). Retrieved 2014-01-05.
  21. 1 2 "Adelaide Botanic Gardens Foundation". Botanic Gardens of South Australia. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
  22. ↑ Board of the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium Annual Report 2011-12 (PDF). Adelaide, South Australia: Department of Environment & Natural Resources. 2012. p. 30. ISSN 0728-7704.
  23. ↑ https://www.environment.sa.gov.au/botanicgardens/latest-news/180704-oRAH-demolition-works
  24. ↑ https://www.news.com.au/national/south-australia/old-royal-adelaide-hospital-sites-heritagelisted-buildings-will-become-an-entrepeneurial-hub-as-others-are-demolished/news-story/ffda956ae91ef117583e4909ad41675a
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