Abdul Khaliq Hazara (assassin)

Abdul Khaliq Hazara
عبدالخالق هزاره‬
Abdul Khaliq c. 1932
Born 1916
Chindawol, Kabul, Afghanistan
Died 18 December 1933(1933-12-18) (aged 16–17)
Kabul, Afghanistan
Cause of death Tortured by Royal Afghan Army
Other names Khaliqo
خالقو‬
Occupation Student
Known for Assassination of King Mohammad Nadir Shah
Abdul Khaliq Hazara

Abdul Khaliq Hazara, (Dari: عبدالخالق هزاره‎) (1916 - December 18, 1933) was a Hazara student who assassinated King Mohammed Nadir Shah on 8 November 1933, during an award distribution ceremony. He was quickly arrested, tortured and later executed by quartering along with most of his relatives.

According to one hypothesis, the assassination of Nadir Khan may have been done in revenge for the taxes and execution of Hazaras.[1] And for actions of Ghulam Nabi Charkhi who was a former Afghanistan ambassador to Moscow who took part in the Afghan civil war of 1928-29 as a supporter of the previous ruler of Afghanistan, the reform-minded Amanullah Khan[2]

Life

Khaliq was born in 1916 in the Chindawol area of Kabul, Afghanistan. He was student at Nejat High School.

Khaliq witnessed the rise of King Nadir Khan from 1929 and the assassinations of Afghanistan's intellectuals and politicians. Nadir, who was a general of King Amanullah Khan, was summoned by Amanullah to fight against Habibullah Kalakani and restore the monarchy, but instead Nadir proclaimed himself king. He systematically hand-picked supporters of Amanullah Khan and imprisoned them. For years he plucked any person who he would think would someday stand against his reign were eliminated. The wrath of Nader was over anyone not of the Mohammadzai tribe, his targets included the former king and his Pashtun clans, the Tajiks of the north and the Hazaras of central Afghanistan.

In 1933, Khaliq's uncle, brothers and father were arrested by Nadir Khan's regime after the execution of Ghulam Nabi Charkhi, an Amanullah supporter.

Assassination of the King

Khaliq plotted to kill King Nader Khan. The first attempt was at the Independence Day gathering at the Id Gah Mosque, but Khaliq did not attend. A few months later, opportunity arose when Nader Shah invited athletes of his high school to the palace to distribute medals for their achievements. Khaliq was one of the attendees and saw no security units at the gates. Khaliq rode his bike back to the Pamir Cinema area and brought with him a gun that belonged to his friend Is'haq Sherdel.

M1895, the same type of revolver which Khaliq used to assassinate the King

“Khaliq returned with a Nagant M1895 loaded with 6 bullets of 7.62 mm calibers wrapped in a handkerchief hidden in his pocket. He stood behind Is'haq Sherdel and Mahmood. The national flag was lowered and Nader Shah entered the rose garden. He examined the medals table and walked over towards the students. Khaliq reached into his pocket and pulls out the gun, aiming at Nader Shah and pulling the trigger. The first bullet hit Nader in his mouth, the second shot pierced Nader's heart, and the third shot cut through Nader's lung. The guards rushed towards Khaliq and a fourth bullet hit a guard. Khaliq then threw the gun as the guards chased him”

Shah Mahmood ordered the arrest of over 400 "Nejat High school" students and by executive decree ordered all students to death. A soldier in the national guard convinced Mahmood that the kids are innocent, and they were then released.

Execution

Abdul Khaliq Hazara before being executed

Khaliq was imprisoned and under torture gave up the names of his accomplices. Khaliq was given a trial in which he named all his friends and family members as accomplices. This strength of these claims has since been questioned by the lone surviving member of Khaliq's family. He was eventually sentenced to death along with 16 others. The majority Khaliq's family were taken to the Deh Mazang prison.

Sixteen nooses were prepared at the execution site. Khaliq was brought over and was asked with which one of his fingers he squeezed the trigger. He lifted his index finger, and immediately that finger was cut off. He was then questioned which eye he used to aim, upon which they immediately gouged out that eye with a dagger. The authorities eventually tortured Khaliq to death instead of hanging him.[3] "Security officers tortured Khaliq by cutting his tongue and gouging his eyes and soldiers killed him with bayonets while his family and friends were forced to watch.[4][5]

Khaliq is considered to be a martyr by Hazaras)[6]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Louis Dupree (14 July 2014). Afghanistan. Princeton University Press. pp. 476–. ISBN 978-1-4008-5891-0.
  2. ↑ Istorii︠a︡ Vostoka : v shesti tomakh. Rybakov, R. B., Kapit︠s︡a, Mikhail Stepanovich., Рыбаков, Р. Б., Капица, Михаил Степанович., Institut vostokovedenii︠a︡ (Rossiĭskai︠a︡ akademii︠a︡ nauk), Институт востоковедения (Rossiĭskai︠a︡ akademii︠a︡ nauk). Moskva: Izdatelʹskai︠a︡ firma "Vostochnai︠a︡ lit-ra" RAN. 1995–2008. ISBN 5020181021. OCLC 38520460.
  3. ↑ http://www.afghanland.com/history/biography/Khaliq.html%7Caccessdate=November
  4. ↑ Hafizullah, Emadi (2005). Culture and customs of Afghanistan. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 35. ISBN 0-313-33089-1. Retrieved October 23, 2011.
  5. ↑ Runion, Meredith (October 2007). The History of Afghanistan. Greenwood. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-313-33798-7.
  6. ↑ افغانستان, حزب همبستگی. "شهید عبدالخالق قهرمان راستین وطن ماست" (in Persian).
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