ATSC 3.0

ATSC 3.0 is a major version of the ATSC standards for television broadcasting created by the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC).[1] ATSC 3.0 comprises around 20 standards covering different aspects of the system and in total will have over 1,000 pages of documentation.[2]

The standards are designed to offer support for newer technologies, including HEVC for video channels of up to 2160p 4K resolution at 120 frames per second, wide color gamut, Dolby AC-4 and MPEG-H 3D Audio, datacasting capabilities, and more robust mobile television support.[1][3] The capabilities have also been foreseen as a way to enable targeted advertising and finer public alerting.

The first major deployments of ATSC 3.0 occurred in South Korea, with the country's major television networks launching terrestrial ATSC 3.0 services in May 2017 in preparation for the 2018 Winter Olympics. In November 2017, the United States' Federal Communications Commission approved regulations allowing broadcast stations to voluntarily offer ATSC 3.0 services (Next Gen TV); however, they must be offered alongside a standard ATSC digital signal, and there will not be a mandatory transition as was done with the transition from analog NTSC to ATSC.

Technical details

Bootstrap

ATSC 3.0 uses a bootstrap signal which allows a receiver to discover and identify the signals that are being transmitted.[4] The bootstrap signal has a fixed configuration that can allow for new signal types to be used in the future.[4]

Physical layer

ATSC 3.0 uses a physical layer that is based on orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation with low-density parity-check code (LDPC) FEC codes.[5] With a 6 MHz channel the bit rate can vary from 1 Mbit/s to 57 Mbit/s depending on the parameters that are used.[5] ATSC 3.0 can have up to 4 physical layer pipes (PLP) in a channel with different robustness levels used for each PLP.[5] An example of how PLP can be used would be a channel that delivers HD video over a robust PLP and enhances the video to UHD with Scalable Video Coding over a higher bitrate PLP.[6]

Audio

ATSC 3.0 supports Dolby AC-4 and MPEG-H 3D Audio.[7][8][9]

Video

ATSC 3.0 supports three video formats: Legacy SD Video, Interlaced HD Video, and Progressive Video.[10] Legacy SD Video and Interlaced HD Video support frame rates up to 60 fps and can only use the Rec. 709 color space.[10] Legacy SD Video and Interlaced HD Video are included for compatibility with existing content and can't use HDR, HFR, or WCG.[10]

Legacy SD Video

Legacy SD Video supports resolutions up to 720×480 and supports High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Main 10 profile at Level 3.1 Main Tier.[10]

Interlaced HD Video

Interlaced HD Video supports 1080-line interlaced video with 1920 or 1440 pixels per line, and supports HEVC Main 10 profile at Level 4.1 Main Tier.[10]

Progressive Video

Progressive Video supports resolutions up to 3840×2160 progressive scan and supports HEVC Main 10 profile at Level 5.2 Main Tier.[10] Progressive Video supports frame rates up to 120 fps and the Rec. 2020 color space.[10] Progressive Video supports HDR using Hybrid Log-Gamma (HLG) and Perceptual Quantizer (PQ).[10][11]

Watermark

ATSC 3.0 supports digital watermarking of the audio signal and video signal.[12][13]

Public alerting

A U.S. consortium known as AWARN has advocated for the use of ATSC 3.0 features, including datacasting, and automatically waking up devices, in order to provide an emergency alert system with support for embedded rich media and finer geotargeting. These features are defined within the "Advanced Emergency Alerting" portions of the ATSC 3.0 standards.[14][15]

History

On March 26, 2013, the Advanced Television Systems Committee announced a call for proposals for the ATSC 3.0 physical layer which states that the plan is for the system to support video with a resolution of 3840×2160 at 60 fps (4K UHDTV).[16][17][18][19]

In February 2014, a channel-sharing trial began between Los Angeles television stations KLCS (a public television station that is a PBS member) and KJLA, a commercial ethnic broadcaster owned-and-operated by LATV, with support from the CTIA and approval of the Federal Communications Commission. The test involved multiplexing multiple HD and SD subchannels together, experimenting with both current MPEG-2 / H.262 and MPEG-4 AVC / H.264 video codecs. Ultimately, it has been decided that H.264 would not be considered for ATSC-3.0, but rather the newer MPEG-H HEVC / H.265 codec would be used instead, with OFDM instead of 8VSB for modulation, allowing for 28 Mbit/s[20][21][22][23][24] to 36 Mbit/s[25] or more of bandwidth on a single 6-MHz channel.

In May 2015, and continuing on for six months afterward, the temporary digital transition transmitter and antenna of Cleveland, Ohio's Fox affiliate, WJW, will be used by the National Association of Broadcasters to test the "Futurecast" ATSC 3.0 standard advanced by LG Corporation and GatesAir.[26] In September 2015 further tests in the Baltimore and Washington, DC area were announced by Sinclair Broadcast Group's Baltimore station, WBFF, which is also a Fox affiliate.[27] The Futurecast system had previously been tested in October 2014 during off-air hours through Madison, Wisconsin ABC affiliate WKOW.[28][29] Unlike ATSC 1.0/2.0's Distributed Transmission System's pseudo-single-frequency network operations, WI9XXT's two transmitters operate as a true Single Frequency Network.[30]

Further tests began in on January 6, 2016 of ATSC 3.0 with High Dynamic Range (using the Scalable HEVC video codec with HE-AAC audio) from Las Vegas independent station, KHMP-LD on UHF 18. It would later be joined in these tests by Sinclair's CW affiliate, KVCW simulcasting on a temporary test frequency (UHF 45).[31][32][33]

On January 20, 2016, a working group in South Korea led by LG Electronics and others performed the first "end-to-end" broadcast of 4K resolution programming via an ATSC 3.0 signal, using an IP transmission from the Seoul Broadcasting System's Mok-dong studio to feed a transmitter on Gwanak Mountain. The broadcaster's technical director stated that the successful test "highlights the potential for Korea’s launch of terrestrial UHD TV commercial services using ATSC 3.0 in February 2017."[34][35] Following the test broadcast, South Korean broadcasters announced that they planned to launch ATSC 3.0 services in February 2017.[36]

On March 28, 2016, the Bootstrap component of ATSC 3.0 (System Discovery and Signalling) was upgraded from candidate standard to finalized standard.[37]

On June 29, 2016, NBC affiliate WRAL-TV in Raleigh, North Carolina, a station known for its pioneering roles in testing the original ATSC standards, launched an experimental ATSC 3.0 channel carrying the station's programming in 1080p, as well as a 4K demo loop.[38] WRAL-EX has also carried 4K coverage of the 2016 Summer Olympics and 2018 Winter Olympics in an experimental manner.[39][40]

South Korean deployment

On July 27, 2016, South Korea's Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning officially endorsed ATSC 3.0 as the country's broadcasting standard for ultra-high-definition television.[41] On January 6, 2017, LG Electronics announced that their 2017 4K TVs sold in South Korea would include ATSC 3.0 tuners.[42]

On May 31, 2017, SBS, MBC, and KBS officially launched their full-time ATSC 3.0 services in major South Korean markets such as Seoul and Incheon. The launch had been delayed from February 2017 due to issues obtaining the required equipment.[43][44]

The transition made South Korea the first country to in the world to deploy a terrestrial UHD format, and enabled 4K broadcasts of the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang County.[45][46]

U.S. deployment

On February 2, 2017, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) issued a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) that would allow for the deployment of ATSC 3.0 in the United States.[47] The Notice of Proposed Rulemaking seeks comments on issues such as carriage obligations, interference, public interest obligations, simulcasting, and a tuner mandate.[48] Gary Shapiro of the Consumer Technology Association (CTA) has stated that a TV tuner mandate is not necessary and that it should be market-driven and voluntary.[49] On February 24, 2017, the FCC voted unanimously to approve two portions of the NPRM, opening the door for manufacturers to begin producing ATSC 3.0 hardware.[50]

On November 14, 2017, the Pearl consortium (comprising a number of major broadcasting conglomerates, including Cox Media, Graham Media Group, Hearst Television, Meredith Corporation, Nexstar Media Group, Scripps Media, and Tegna Inc.) announced that it would use Phoenix, Arizona as a test market for an ATSC 3.0 transition in 2018.[51] Two days later, the FCC voted 3-2 in favor of an order authorizing voluntary deployments of Next Gen TV (ATSC 3.0); stations that choose to deploy ATSC 3.0 services must continue to maintain an ATSC-compatible signal that is "substantially similar" in programming to their ATSC 3.0 signal (besides programming that leverages ATSC 3.0 features, and advertising), and covers the station's entire community of license (the FCC stated that it would expedite approval for transitions if the loss in over-the-air coverage post-transition is 5% or less). This clause will remain in effect for at least five years; permission from the FCC must be obtained before a full-power station can shut down its ATSC signal, but low-power stations are exempt from the simulcasting requirement and are allowed to flash-cut to ATSC 3.0 if they choose.[52][53]

ATSC 1.0 signals will still be subject to mandatory carriage rules for television providers during the five-year simulcasting mandate; the FCC stated that voluntary carriage of 3.0 signals by television providers would be left to the marketplace. The order does require stations to provide sufficient on-air notice about transitions to ATSC 3.0 services.[53] The FCC will not allocate a second channel to each broadcaster to enable a gradual consumer transition. Instead, it has been suggested that multiple broadcasters in each market cooperate by locating multiple degraded ATSC 1.0 services on a single transmitter. At the same time, the broadcasters would share the remaining transmitters for ATSC 3.0 transmissions. After sufficient consumer adoption, ATSC 1.0 transmissions would be abandoned, allowing stations to return to operation on their owned transmitters. It is unclear how the complications of this approach would be overcome, especially in light of spectrum reallocation in heavily populated markets.[54] The FCC published its final rules on ATSC 3.0 to the Federal Register on February 2, 2018, and they formally take effect 30 days afterward.[55]

As the transition is voluntary, the FCC will not require ATSC 3.0 tuners to be included in new televisions, and there will not be a subsidy program for the distribution of ATSC 3.0-compatible equipment.[56]

As part of the ATSC 3.0 trials by Pearl, Univision's KFPH-CD in Phoenix was converted to an ATSC 3.0 station on April 9, 2018, which will be shared by Univision and several other broadcasters. Univision and Sinclair Broadcast Group are also planning a trial in Dallas, which will utilize spectrum vacated by KSTR-DT and KTXD-TV to test ATSC 3.0 transmission using a Single-frequency network.[57][58]

Concerns

Consumer advocates have noted the opportunity in which ATSC 3.0 can allow advertisers to run targeted advertising. The targeted ads would allow advertisers to track more directly viewer ratings rather than indirectly by companies such as Nielsen ratings. The FCC is expected to defer the decision on targeted ads to be in accordance with Federal Trade Commission's guidelines on privacy.[59]

A consortium of U.S. television providers criticized the domestic plans for the transition, citing the "voluntary" transition, inconsistencies in commitments to simulcasting arrangements for compatibility, potential downgrades in service for ATSC 1.0 viewers, as well as how these signals will factor into retransmission consent negotiations.[60]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Technology Group 3". Advanced Television Systems Committee. Retrieved October 11, 2016.
  2. ↑ Rich Chernock. "ATSC 3.0: What will the "standard" look like?". Advanced Television Systems Committee. Retrieved October 18, 2016.
  3. ↑ "GatesAir: Are you ready for ATSC 3.0?". GatesAir. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
  4. 1 2 "ATSC Standard: System Discovery and Signaling" (PDF). Advanced Television Systems Committee. March 23, 2016. Retrieved October 18, 2016.
  5. 1 2 3 "ATSC Standard: Physical Layer Protocol" (PDF). Advanced Television Systems Committee. September 7, 2016. Retrieved October 11, 2016.
  6. ↑ Rich Chernock. "ATSC 3.0: Where We Stand". Advanced Television Systems Committee. Retrieved October 18, 2016.
  7. ↑ "ATSC Candidate Standard: Audio Common Elements" (PDF). Advanced Television Systems Committee. June 15, 2016. Retrieved October 11, 2016.
  8. ↑ "ATSC Candidate Standard: AC-4 System" (PDF). Advanced Television Systems Committee. May 3, 2016. Retrieved October 11, 2016.
  9. ↑ "ATSC Candidate Standard: MPEG-H System" (PDF). Advanced Television Systems Committee. May 3, 2016. Retrieved October 11, 2016.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "ATSC Standard: Video" (PDF). Advanced Television Systems Committee. May 19, 2017. Retrieved May 19, 2017.
  11. ↑ Jim DeFilippis (May 27, 2016). "A New Day Dawning... HDR Delivery". TVtechnology. Retrieved October 18, 2016.
  12. ↑ "ATSC Standard: Audio Watermark Emission" (PDF). Advanced Television Systems Committee. September 19, 2016. Retrieved October 18, 2016.
  13. ↑ "ATSC Standard: Video Watermark Emission" (PDF). Advanced Television Systems Committee. September 20, 2016. Retrieved October 18, 2016.
  14. ↑ "AWARN Alerting: An ATSC 3.0 Business Model". TVNewsCheck.com. Retrieved 2017-12-05.
  15. ↑ "ATSC 3.0: A New Value-Added Approach for Emergency Information". TV Technology. Retrieved 2017-12-05.
  16. ↑ "Call for Proposals for ATSC-3.0 Physical Layer" (PDF). Advanced Television Systems Committee. March 26, 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 9, 2013. Retrieved April 15, 2013.
  17. ↑ "Advanced Television Systems Committee Invites Proposals for Next-Generation TV Broadcasting Technologies". Advanced Television Systems Committee. March 26, 2013. Archived from the original on April 1, 2013. Retrieved April 15, 2013.
  18. ↑ "ATSC seeks proposals for ATSC 3.0 physical layer". Broadcast Engineering. March 27, 2013. Retrieved April 15, 2013.
  19. ↑ Doug Lung (March 28, 2013). "ATSC Seeks Next-Gen TV Physical Layer Proposals". TV Technology. Archived from the original on 2013-05-20. Retrieved April 15, 2013.
  20. ↑ "LA trial finds that broadcasters can share their TV channels". Gigaom. Retrieved March 29, 2014.
  21. ↑ "Overview of the KLCS/KJLA Channel Sharing Pilot — A Technical Report" (PDF). Alan Popkin, Director of Television Engineering & Technical Operations, KLCS-TV, Los Angeles
    Roger Knipp, Broadcast Engineer, KLCS-TV, Los Angeles
    Eddie Hernandez, Director of Operations & Engineering, KJLA-TV    . Retrieved May 21, 2014.
  22. ↑ http://mibuzzboard.com/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=40001
  23. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 26, 2015. Retrieved May 27, 2014.
  24. ↑ https://mentor.ieee.org/802.18/dcn/12/18-12-0011-00-0000-nab-presentation-on-atsc-3.pdf
  25. ↑ http://www.tvnewscheck.com/article/88877/kim-luplow-extol-atsc-30-progress/page/3
  26. ↑ Jessell, Henry (April 2, 2015). "Cleveland To Be Site Of Next-Gen Test Station". TVNewsCheck. Retrieved April 2, 2015.
  27. ↑ Miller, Mark (September 5, 2015). "ONE Media To Test Next-Gen SFN Platform". TVNewsCheck. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
  28. ↑ Winslow, George (October 22, 2014). "Futurecast Broadcast System Tested at WKOW". Broadcasting and Cable. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
  29. ↑ http://www.tvtechnology.com/distribution/0099/one-media-field-tests-proposed-atsc--system/273323
  30. ↑ http://atsc.org/newsletter/broadcasters-tech-companies-putting-atsc-3-0-physical-layer-candidate-standard-technologies-through-paces/
  31. ↑ http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/live-atsc-30-broadcast-during-ces-2016-delivers-4k-uhd-hdr-to-next-gen-lg-oled-4k-tvs-300199955.html
  32. ↑ http://www.tvtechnology.com/news/0002/khmptv-delivers-live-hdr-4ktv-in-atsc-30-at-ces/277694
  33. ↑ http://www.avsforum.com/forum/45-local-hdtv-info-reception/148479-las-vegas-nv-hdtv-326.html
  34. ↑ "First End-to-End 4K IP Broadcast in Korea Marks Another Key Milestone for ATSC 3.0". atsc.org. ATSC. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  35. ↑ "'World's first' live ATSC 3.0 broadcast". TVB Europe. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  36. ↑ "Korea to Launch ATSC 3.0 Broadcasts in 2017". TV Technology. Retrieved 2017-11-17.
  37. ↑ http://www.tvtechnology.com/news/0002/first-element-of-atsc-30-approved-for-standard/278263
  38. ↑ "WRAL Launches ATSC 3.0 Service". TVNewsCheck. Retrieved June 29, 2016.
  39. ↑ Cain, Brooke (21 February 2018). "WRAL: ATSC 3.0 Next Generation TV delivers 4K ultra high-def". The News & Observer. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  40. ↑ Greeley, Paul (21 February 2018). "WRAL Shows Olympics In Next Gen TV Format". TVNewsCheck. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  41. ↑ Deborah D. McAdams (July 27, 2016). "Report: South Korea Adopts ATSC 3.0". TV Technology. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  42. ↑ Deborah D. McAdams (January 6, 2017). "CES 2017: LG Intros First ATSC 3.0 4KTVs". TV Technology. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
  43. ↑ "South Korean Broadcasters Ready to Launch ATSC 3.0". TV Technology. Retrieved 2017-11-17.
  44. ↑ "U.S. Counterparts Congratulate Korea on ATSC 3.0 Launch". tvtechnology.com. TV Technology. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  45. ↑ Harvey, Steve (1 February 2018). "2018 A Crucial Year for ATSC 3.0". Pro Sound News. Prosoundnetwork.com. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
  46. ↑ Carter, Jamie (4 February 2018). "The top tech at the 2018 Winter Olympics: 5G, VR, 4K, bullet time and SmartSuits". South China Morning Post. scmp.com. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
  47. ↑ Deborah D. McAdams (February 2, 2017). "FCC Proposes ATSC 3.0 Deployment". TVTechnology. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
  48. ↑ Deborah D. McAdams (February 2, 2017). "FCC@3.0: OET-69, Public Interest, Yes; Tuner Edict, No". TVTechnology. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
  49. ↑ "Proposed ATSC 3.0 Rule a Win for Consumers, but Should Exclude TV Tuner Mandate". Business Wire. February 2, 2017. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
  50. ↑ Deborah D. McAdams, "FCC Greenlights ATSC 3.0," TV Technology, February 23, 2017, http://www.tvtechnology.com/atsc3/0031/fcc-greenlights-atsc-30/280420
  51. ↑ "Phoenix To Serve As 'Model Market' For ATSC 3.0". TV Technology. Retrieved 2017-11-16.
  52. ↑ "FCC Launches Next-Gen Broadcast TV Standard". Broadcasting & Cable. Retrieved 2017-11-17.
  53. 1 2 "FCC Authorizes Next Gen TV Broadcast Standard". Federal Communications Commission. Retrieved 2017-11-18.
  54. ↑ Doug Lung (July 23, 2015). "Getting Ready for ATSC 3.0". TVTechnology. Retrieved January 10, 2017.
  55. ↑ "ATSC 3.0 Rollout Can Begin Next Month". Multichannel. Retrieved 2018-02-14.
  56. ↑ Eggerton, John (2018-03-05). "Channel Battle Rages in ATSC Rollout". Broadcasting & Cable: 31.
  57. ↑ "3.0's Potential To Be Tested In Phoenix, Dallas". TVNewsCheck. Retrieved 2018-05-11.
  58. ↑ "Univision switches on first ATSC 3.0 station in Phoenix test market". FierceCable. Retrieved 2018-04-25.
  59. ↑ Fung, Brian (2017-11-14). "TV stations are about to track you and sell targeted ads, just like Google and Facebook". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2017-11-15.
  60. ↑ "Pay-TV, Consumer Groups Slam ATSC 3.0 Proposal". TV Technology. Retrieved 2017-11-16.
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