1708
Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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Centuries: | |
Decades: | |
Years: |
1708 by topic |
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Arts and Science |
Countries |
Lists of leaders |
Birth and death categories |
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Establishments and disestablishments categories |
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Works category |
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Gregorian calendar | 1708 MDCCVIII |
Ab urbe condita | 2461 |
Armenian calendar | 1157 ԹՎ ՌՃԾԷ |
Assyrian calendar | 6458 |
Balinese saka calendar | 1629–1630 |
Bengali calendar | 1115 |
Berber calendar | 2658 |
British Regnal year | 6 Ann. 1 – 7 Ann. 1 |
Buddhist calendar | 2252 |
Burmese calendar | 1070 |
Byzantine calendar | 7216–7217 |
Chinese calendar | 丁亥年 (Fire Pig) 4404 or 4344 — to — 戊子年 (Earth Rat) 4405 or 4345 |
Coptic calendar | 1424–1425 |
Discordian calendar | 2874 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1700–1701 |
Hebrew calendar | 5468–5469 |
Hindu calendars | |
- Vikram Samvat | 1764–1765 |
- Shaka Samvat | 1629–1630 |
- Kali Yuga | 4808–4809 |
Holocene calendar | 11708 |
Igbo calendar | 708–709 |
Iranian calendar | 1086–1087 |
Islamic calendar | 1119–1120 |
Japanese calendar | Hōei 5 (宝永5年) |
Javanese calendar | 1631–1632 |
Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 11 days |
Korean calendar | 4041 |
Minguo calendar | 204 before ROC 民前204年 |
Nanakshahi calendar | 240 |
Thai solar calendar | 2250–2251 |
Tibetan calendar | 阴火猪年 (female Fire-Pig) 1834 or 1453 or 681 — to — 阳土鼠年 (male Earth-Rat) 1835 or 1454 or 682 |
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1708 (MDCCVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1708th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 708th year of the 2nd millennium, the 8th year of the 18th century, and the 9th year of the 1700s decade. As of the start of 1708, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. In the Swedish calendar it was a leap year starting on Wednesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.
Events
January–June
- March 11 – Queen Anne withholds Royal Assent from the Scottish Militia Bill, the last time a British monarch vetoes legislation.
- March 23 – James Francis Edward Stuart, Jacobite pretender to the throne of Great Britain, unsuccessfully tries to land from a French fleet, in the Firth of Forth in Scotland.
July–December
- July 1 – Tewoflos becomes Emperor of Ethiopia.
- July 11 – War of the Spanish Succession – Battle of Oudenarde: Allied forces under the command of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, defeat the French.[1]
- August – The future Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor weds Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.
- August 18 – War of the Spanish Succession: Menorca is captured by British forces.[1]
- August 23 – Meidingu Pamheiba is crowned King of Manipur.
- August 29 – A native American attack in Haverhill, Massachusetts kills 16 settlers.
- September 28 (O.S.); September 29 (Swedish calendar); October 9 (N.S.) – Great Northern War – Battle of Lesnaya: Peter the Great of Russia defeats the forces of the Swedish Empire.
- October 12 – War of the Spanish Succession: British forces capture Lille after a two-month siege, although the citadel continues to hold out for another six weeks.[2]
- October 26 – The construction of St Paul's Cathedral in London is completed.[3]
Date unknown
- Kandahar is conquered by Mir Wais.
- Fearful of a Swedish attack, the Russians blow up the city of Tartu, Estonia.
- One third of the population of Masuria dies of the plague.
- Johann Sebastian Bach is appointed as chamber musician and organist, at the court in Weimar.
- Italian philosopher Giambattista Vico delivers his inaugural lecture to the University of Naples, which will be published in 1709 as his first book, De Nostri Temporis Studiorum Ratione (On the Order of the Scholarly Disciplines of Our Times).
- Calcareous hard-paste porcelain is produced for the first time in Europe, at Dresden, Saxony, by Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus, and developed after his death (October) by Johann Friedrich Böttger.
- The Company of Merchants of London Trading (with consent of the Parliament of Great Britain) merges with the East Indies, and the more recently established English Company Trading to the East Indies, to form the United Company of Merchants of England Trading to the East Indies, known as the Honourable East India Company.[4]
Births
- January 25 – Pompeo Batoni, Italian painter (d. 1787)
- March 15 – John Hulse, British Anglican priest (d. 1790)
- April 23 – Friedrich von Hagedorn, German poet (d. 1754)
- September 16 – Catharina Freymann, Norwegian pietist leader (d. 1791)
- October 16 – Albrecht von Haller, Swiss anatomist and physiologist (d. 1777)
- October 22 – Frederic Louis Norden, Danish explorer (d. 1742)
- November 15 – William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1778)
- December 8 – Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1765)
- date unknown
- Baal Shem of London, German-born Kabbalist (d. 1782)
- Richard Dawes, English classical scholar (d. 1766)
- Elizabeth Scott (hymnwriter), British-American poet, hymnwriter (d. 1776)
Deaths
- January 31 – Friedrich Seyler, Swiss theologian (b. 1642)
- March 5 – William Beveridge, English Bishop of St. Asaph (b. 1637)
- March 15 – William Walsh, English/British politician (b. 1662)
- March 19 – Samuel Rodigast, German poet, hymnwriter (b. 1649)
- April 5 – Christian Heinrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach, German prince (b. 1661)
- April 17 – Jacques Gravier, French Jesuit missionary in the New World (b. 1651)
- April 20 – Damaris Cudworth Masham, English philosopher (b. 1659)
- April 23 – Christian Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach (1632-1708) (b. 1622)
- May 6 – François de Laval, first bishop of New France (b. 1623)
- May 11 – Jules Hardouin-Mansart, French Baroque architect (b. 1646)
- May 12 – Adolphus Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (b. 1658)
- June 21 – John Hamilton, 2nd Lord Belhaven and Stenton, Scottish politician (b. 1656)
- June 28 – Melchor Liñán y Cisneros, Spanish Catholic archbishop (b. 1629)
- June 30 – Emperor Tekle Haymanot I of Ethiopia (stabbed to death) (b. 1706)
- July 5 – Ferdinando Carlo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat, only child of Duke Charles II (b. 1652)
- July 10 – James Kendall, English soldier, politician (b. 1647)
- July 21 – Conrad von Reventlow, Danish statesman and the first Grand Chancellor of Denmark (b. 1644)
- August 1 – Edward Tyson, British scientist (b. 1651)
- September 6 – Sir John Morden, 1st Baronet, English merchant and philanthropist (b. 1623)
- September 19 – Francis Newport, 1st Earl of Bradford, English politician (b. 1620)
- September 29 – Sir James Oxenden, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1641)
- October 1 – John Blow, British composer (b. 1649)
- October 2 – Anne Jules de Noailles, French general (b. 1650)
- October 7 – Guru Gobind Singh, 10th Guru Sahib of Sikhism, social reformist, poet and revolutionary (b. 1666)
- October 9 – Olympia Mancini, French courtier (b. 1638)
- October 10 – David Gregory, Scottish astronomer (b. 1659)
- October 11 – Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus, German mathematician (b. 1651)
- October 21 – Christian Weise, German writer, dramatist, poet, pedagogue and librarian (b. 1642)
- October 22
- Cesare Pronti, Italian painter (b. 1626)
- Hermann Witsius, Dutch theologian (b. 1636)
- October 24 – Seki Kōwa, Japanese mathematician (b. c. 1640)
- October 28 – Prince George of Denmark, consort of Anne, Queen of Great Britain (b. 1653)
- October 31 – Nathaniel Higginson, English politician (b. 1652)
- November 3 – Countess Henriette Catherine of Nassau, daughter of Frederick Henry (b. 1637)
- November 10 – David Makeléer, Swedish politician (b. 1646)
- November 13 – Charles, Count of Marsan, French noble (b. 1648)
- November 16 – Alexander Edward, Scottish landscape architect (b. 1651)
- November 17 – Ludolf Bakhuizen, Dutch painter (b. 1631)
- December 16
- Juan Ortega y Montañés, Spanish Catholic bishop, colonial administrator in Guatemala and New Spain (b. 1627)
- Nicolas Pasquin, early pioneer in New France (now Quebec) (b. 1648)
- December 22 – Hedvig Sophia of Sweden, Swedish princess (b. 1681)
- December 28 – Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, French botanist (b. 1656)
- Date unknown – Anna Maria Clodt, Swedish courtier (b. ?)
References
- 1 2 Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 292. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ↑ Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 205–206. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ↑ "Stamps celebrate St Paul's with Wren epitaph". Evening Standard. Archived from the original on May 19, 2008. Retrieved June 5, 2008.
- ↑ Landow, George P. (2010). "The British East India Company — the Company that Owned a Nation (or Two)". The Victorian Web. Retrieved 2011-11-22.
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