9th century in England
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Events from the 9th century in England.
Events
- 801
- Northumbrian invasion of Mercia fails.[1]
- 802
- 803
- Council of Clofeshoh abolishes the Archbishopric of Lichfield.[1]
- 805
- 806
- Eardwulf of Northumbria is deposed and apparently succeeded by Ælfwald II.[2] In 808 Eardwulf perhaps returns to the throne for an uncertain period.
- 815
- 816
- 818
- King Cenwulf of Mercia devastates Dyfed.[3]
- 821
- 822
- 825
- 829
- Egbert of Wessex temporarily conquers Mercia[1] and receives the submission of the Northumbrian king at Dore.
- 830
- Nennius completes his Historia Brittonum.[1]
- 832
- 833
- 27 August – consecration of Ceolnoth as Archbishop of Canterbury.
- 835
- 838
- Battle of Hingston Down: Egbert of Wessex defeats combined Danish and Cornish armies.[1]
- 841
- Vikings raid the south and east coasts, including the Kingdom of Lindsey.
- 842
- Vikings raid London, Rochester, and Southampton.[1]
- 844
- Approximate date of Battle of Cetyll in which Beorhtwulf of Mercia defeats Merfyn Frych, King of Gwynedd.
- 849
- Alfred, son of Æthelwulf of Wessex and Queen Osburh, is born at Wantage.[5]
- 851
- 852
- Saint Swithun becomes Bishop of Winchester.[1]
- Probable death of King Beorhtwulf of Mercia.
- 853
- 856
- 1 October – King Æthelwulf marries as his second wife the teenage Judith of Flanders at Verberie and she is crowned queen of Wessex.
- 858
- 13 January – Æthelbald succeeds his father Æthelwulf as King of Wessex and marries his father's widow.
- 865
- Autumn
- Æthelred becomes King of Wessex.[1]
- Danish invasion force lands in East Anglia.[1]
- Autumn
- 866
- 867
- Danes defeat Northumbrians and install a puppet ruler.[1]
- 869
- 20 November – Battle of Hoxne: Danes defeat East Anglians, killing King Edmund the Martyr.[1]
- 870
- 871
- 4 January – Battle of Reading: Danes defeat the West Saxons.[4]
- 8 January – Battle of Ashdown: King Æthelred of Wessex defeats the Danes.[1]
- 22 January – Battle of Basing: Danes defeat the West Saxons.
- 22 March – Battle of Marton: Danes under Halfdan Ragnarsson defeat the West Saxons under King Æthelred of Wessex,[4] perhaps near Wilton, Wiltshire.
- 23 April – King Æthelred of Wessex dies; succeeded by his brother Alfred the Great.[1] Æthelred is buried at Wimborne Minster.
- Autumn – Danes withdraw from Reading to take up winter quarters in Mercian London.
- 873
- Spring – Danes return to Northumbria.
- Autumn – Danes return to Mercia, taking up winter quarters at Repton; Repton Abbey is abandoned.
- 874
- Danes appoint Ceolwulf II as ruler of Mercia having driven Burgred of Mercia into exile.[1]
- 875
- Monks leave Lindisfarne, which is being invaded by Danes, with the body of Saint Cuthbert, and settle at Chester-le-Street.[1]
- Donyarth, last recorded King of Cornwall, drowns in what is thought to be the River Fowey.[3]
- 876
- Danes capture southern Northumbria, and found the Kingdom of York,[1] perhaps under Halfdan Ragnarsson.
- 877
- Saxons kill Rhodri the Great and his son Gwriad.[3]
- Danes capture Exeter, and settle in the Five Boroughs.[1]
- 878
- January – Danes capture Chippenham, and take control of much of Wessex.[1]
- Early – Battle of Cynwit: Men of Wessex led by Odda, Ealdorman of Devon, prevent an attempted siege by Vikings under Ubba on the south coast of the Bristol Channel and capture their raven banner.
- Easter – Alfred constructs a fort at Athelney, and holds out against the Danes.[1]
- c.4–6 May – Alfred assembles troops at 'Egbert's Stone' on the edge of Salisbury Plain.
- c.11 May – Battle of Edington in Wiltshire: Alfred defeats the Danes and besieges them at Chippenham. They capitulate and, by the Treaty of Wedmore, Guthrum is baptised[1] at Aller, Somerset, and retreats in the first instance to Cirencester.
- Guthrum takes control of East Anglia.[1]
- Princes of southern Wales acknowledge Alfred as their overlord.[1]
- 886
- 888
- 890
- The Welsh ruler Anarawd ap Rhodri, King of Gwynedd, makes the first ceremonial visit to an English court, that of Alfred.
- Approximate date – Alfred begins to commission and undertake a series of translations into Old English, beginning with his own version of Pope Gregory I's Pastoral Care.
- 892
- Danish Vikings invade again, under the leadership of Hastein.[1]
- Anglo-Saxon Chronicle first compiled.[1]
- 893
- Spring
- Prince Edward, the son of King Alfred the Great, defeats invading Danish Vikings at Farnham, and forces them to take refuge on Thorney Island by London. At the same time, Danes from East Anglia sail around the Cornish coast and besiege Exeter.[7]
- A Danish Viking army under Hastein moves to a burh at Benfleet (Essex); this camp is captured by the Saxons while the army is out raiding and Hastein is forced to retreat to Shoebury.[8]
- Summer – Battle of Buttington: A combined Welsh and Mercian army under Lord Æthelred besieges a Viking camp at Buttington just over the Welsh border. The Danes escape with heavy losses and take their families to safety in East Anglia.[7]
- Autumn – Danish Vikings under Hastein take the city of Chester,[1] after a rapid march from East Anglia. Alfred the Great destroys their food supplies, forcing them to move into Wales.[8]
- Asser of Sherborne writes The Life of King Alfred (Vita Ælfredi regis Angul Saxonum).[1]
- Spring
- 894
- Danish forces reach the Thames estuary.[1]
- 895
- Alfred blockades the Danish fleet at the River Lea; Danes retreat to Bridgnorth.[1]
- 896
- Danish army leaves Wessex.[1]
- 899
- 26 October – King Alfred of Wessex dies; succeeded by his son, Edward the Elder.[1]
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 38–42. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ↑ De primo Saxonum adventu.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Annales Cambriae.
- 1 2 3 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Date adjusted.
- ↑ Asser (893). The Life of King Alfred.
- ↑ "Customs & Traditions". VisitRipon.org. Retrieved 2017-10-19.
- 1 2 Hill, Paul (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great. Yardley, PA: Westholme. pp. 124–30. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.
- 1 2 Haywood, John (1995). Historical Atlas of the Vikings. Penguin. pp. 66–67. ISBN 978-0-140-51328-8.
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