5 Astraea

5 Astraea
Lightcurve-based 3D-model of Astraea
Discovery [1]
Discovered by K. L. Hencke
Discovery site Driesen Obs.
Discovery date 8 December 1845
Designations
MPC designation (5) Astraea
Pronunciation /æˈstriːə/ a-STREE-ə
Named after
 Astraea (Greek goddess)[2]
1969 SE
main-belt [1][3] · (middle)
Astraea [4]
Adjectives Astraean
Orbital characteristics [3]
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc 171.93 yr (62,799 d)
Aphelion 3.0659 AU
Perihelion 2.0810 AU
2.5735 AU
Eccentricity 0.1914
4.13 yr (1,508 d)
186.83°
0° 14m 19.32s / day
Inclination 5.3677°
141.58°
358.75°
Proper orbital elements[5]
2.5761849 AU
0.1980486
4.5118628°
87.046396 deg / yr
4.13573 yr
(1510.574 d)
Precession of perihelion
 52.210903 arcsec / yr
Precession of the ascending node
 −57.357951 arcsec / yr
Physical characteristics
Dimensions 167 km × 123 km × 82 km[6]
Mean diameter
 119 km[6]
48 300 km2[7]
Volume 882 000 km3[7]
Mass 2.9×1018 kg[8][9]
(assumed)[10]
Mean density
 ~3.3 g/cm³
0.700 03 d (16.801 h)[6]
Equatorial rotation velocity
 6.44 m/s[7]
0.227[11]
S
8.74 to 12.89
6.85
0.15" to 0.041"

    5 Astraea is a large asteroid from the asteroid belt. Its surface is highly reflective (bright) and its composition is probably a mixture of nickel–iron with silicates of magnesium and iron. It is a S-type object in the Tholen classification system.[3]

    Astraea was the fifth asteroid discovered, on 8 December 1845, by Karl Ludwig Hencke and named for Astræa, a goddess of justice named after the stars. It was his first of two asteroid discoveries. The second was 6 Hebe. A German amateur astronomer and post office headmaster, Hencke was looking for 4 Vesta when he stumbled on Astraea. The King of Prussia awarded him an annual pension of 1,200 marks for the discovery.[12]

    Photometry indicates prograde rotation, that the north pole points in the direction of right ascension 9 h 52 min, declination 73° with a 5° uncertainty.[6] This gives an axial tilt of about 33°.

    Astraea is physically unremarkable but notable mainly because for 38 years (after the discovery of Vesta in 1807) it had been thought that there were only four asteroids.[13] With an apparent magnitude of 8.7 (on a favorable opposition on 15 February 2016), it is indeed only the seventeenth-brightest main-belt asteroid, and fainter than, for example, 192 Nausikaa or even 324 Bamberga (at rare near-perihelion oppositions).

    After the discovery of Astraea, thousands of other asteroids would follow. Indeed, the discovery of Astraea proved to be the starting point for the eventual demotion of the four original asteroids (which were regarded as planets at the time)[13] to their current status, as it became apparent that these four were only the largest of a whole new type of celestial body.

    An occultation on 6 June 2008 produced an effective diameter (silhouette) of 115 ± 6 km.[14]

    Astraea has been studied by radar.[15] Arecibo observed Astraea in March 2012.[16][17]

    Left: A size comparison of the first 10 numbered asteroids profiled against Earth's Moon.
    Right: The orbit of 5 Astraea in white compared with those of Earth, Mars and Jupiter.

    See also

    References

    1. 1 2 "5 Astraea". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
    2. ↑ Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (5) Astraea. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 15. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
    3. 1 2 3 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 5 Astraea" (2017-11-22 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
    4. ↑ "Asteroid (5) Astraea – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
    5. ↑ "AstDyS-2 Astraea Synthetic Proper Orbital Elements". Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy. Retrieved 2011-10-01.
    6. 1 2 3 4 M. J. López-Gonzáles & E. Rodríguez Lightcurves and poles of seven asteroids, Planetary and Space Science, Vol. 53, p. 1147 (2005).
    7. 1 2 3 Calculated based on the known parameters
    8. ↑ Michalak, G. (2001). "Determination of asteroid masses". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 374 (2): 703–711. Bibcode:2001A&A...374..703M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20010731. Retrieved 2008-11-10.
    9. ↑ (Mass estimate of Astra 0.015 / Mass of Ceres 4.75) * Mass of Ceres 9.43E+20 = 2.977E+18
    10. ↑ Michalak2001 (Table 6) assumed masses of perturbing asteroids used in calculations of perturbations of the test asteroids.
    11. ↑ "Supplemental IRAS Minor Planet Survey". Archived from the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
    12. ↑ "Dawn Community". NASA. Archived from the original on 21 May 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
    13. 1 2 "The Planet Hygea". spaceweather.com. 1849. Archived from the original on 9 April 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-18.
    14. ↑ Ďurech, Josef; Kaasalainen, Mikko; Herald, David; Dunham, David; Timerson, Brad; Hanuš, Josef; et al. (2011). "Combining asteroid models derived by lightcurve inversion with asteroidal occultation silhouettes" (PDF). Icarus. 214 (2): 652–670. arXiv:1104.4227. Bibcode:2011Icar..214..652D. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2011.03.016.
    15. ↑ "Radar-Detected Asteroids and Comets". NASA/JPL Asteroid Radar Research. Retrieved 2012-01-23.
    16. ↑ Mike Nolan (2012-01-18). "Scheduled Arecibo Radar Asteroid Observations". Planetary Radar at Arecibo Observatory. Retrieved 2012-01-23.
    17. ↑ http://www.naic.edu/~pradar/

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