3063 Makhaon
Discovery [1] | |
---|---|
Discovered by | L. G. Karachkina |
Discovery site | Crimean Astrophysical Obs. |
Discovery date | 4 August 1983 |
Designations | |
MPC designation | (3063) Makhaon |
Pronunciation | /məˈkeɪən/ · mə-KAY-ən |
Named after |
Machaon [2] (Greek mythology)[2] |
1983 PV · 1931 DT 1964 YL · 1971 OE 1971 QK1 · 1975 VT6 | |
Jupiter trojan [1][3][4] Greek [5][6] · background [6] | |
Orbital characteristics [3] | |
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5) | |
Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
Observation arc | 86.70 yr (31,669 d) |
Aphelion | 5.5151 AU |
Perihelion | 4.9030 AU |
5.2091 AU | |
Eccentricity | 0.0588 |
11.89 yr (4,342 d) | |
167.86° | |
0° 4m 58.44s / day | |
Inclination | 12.164° |
287.88° | |
205.68° | |
Jupiter MOID | 0.2654 AU |
TJupiter | 2.9520 |
Physical characteristics | |
Mean diameter |
±1.54 km 111.65[7] ±2.77 km 114.34[8] ±4.4 km 116.14[9] |
±0.01 h 8.64[4][10][lower-alpha 1] | |
±0.004 0.0476[9] ±0.003 0.049[8] ±0.005 0.056[7] | |
D (S3OS2)[11] V–I = ±0.022 0.830[4] BR = ±0.033 1.230[4] | |
8.4[1][3][4] 8.5[7] 8.60[8][9] | |
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3063 Makhaon (/məˈkeɪən/ mə-KAY-ən), provisional designation 1983 PV, is a large Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp, approximately 114 kilometers (71 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 4 August 1983, by Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Karachkina at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnij, on the Crimean peninsula.[1] The dark D-type asteroid is the principal body of the proposed Makhaon family and belongs to the 20 largest Jupiter trojans having a rotation period of 8.6 hours.[4] It was named after the legendary healer Machaon from Greek mythology.[2]
Orbit and classification
Makhaon is a dark Jovian asteroid orbiting in the leading Greek camp at Jupiter's L4 Lagrangian point, 60° ahead of the Gas Giant's orbit in a 1:1 resonance (see Trojans in astronomy).[5]
It orbits the Sun at a distance of 4.9–5.5 AU once every 11 years and 11 months (4,342 days; semi-major axis of 5.21 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.06 and an inclination of 12° with respect to the ecliptic.[3] The body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken at Lowell Observatory in February 1931, more than 52 years prior to its official discovery observation at Nauchnij.[1]
Makhaon family
Fernando Roig and Ricardo Gil-Hutton identified Makhaon as the principal body of a small Jovian asteroid family, using the hierarchical clustering method (HCM), which looks for groupings of neighboring asteroids based on the smallest distances between them in the proper orbital element space. According to the astronomers, the Makhaon family belongs to the larger Menelaus clan, an aggregation of Jupiter trojans which is composed of several families, similar to the Flora family in the inner asteroid belt.[12]:9,10
However this family is not included in David Nesvorný's HCM-analysis from 2014.[13][14] Instead, Makhaon is listed as a non-family asteroid of the Jovian background population on the Asteroids Dynamic Site (AstDyS) which based on another analysis by Milani and Knežević.[6]
Naming
This minor planet was named from Greek mythology after the legendary healer Machaon, a physician to the Greek troops during the Trojan War as mentioned in Homer's Iliad. He is the son of Asclepius and Epione and brother of Hygieia, Podalirius (who was also a physician) and Panacea.[2] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 26 March 1986 (M.P.C. 10547).[15]
Physical characteristics
In both the Tholen- and SMASS-like taxonomy of the Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey (S3OS2), Makhaon is a dark D-type asteroid, the most common spectral type among the Jupiter trojans.[11][14] It is also an assumed C-type asteroid with a V–I color index of 0.83, lower than most larger D-types.[4]
Rotation period
Several rotational lightcurves of Makhaon have been obtained since its first photometric observation by Richard Binzel in 1988. It gave a rotation period of 17.3 hours (U=2).[16] In November 2009, French amateur astronomer René Roy measured a period of 2.6 hours from a fragmentary lightcurve based on a single-night observation.(U=1).[17]
Italian astronomer Stefano Mottola reported a period of 8.6354 and 8.648 taken from observation at La Silla Observatory, Chile, in June 1994, and from Calar Alto Observatory, Spain, in December 2009 with a low brightness variation of 0.06 and 0.09, respectively (U=2/2).[18]
In in December 2010 and April 2014, follow-up observations by Daniel Coley in collaboration with Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies and the Goat Mountain Astronomical Research Station (G79) rendered a period of 8.64 and 8.45 hours and an amplitude of 0.15 magnitude (U=2/2-). The result shows that Binzel's first measurement was probably an alternative period solution (i.e. twice the actual period).[4][19][10][lower-alpha 1]
In February 2013, Michael Alkema at the Elephant Head Observatory (G35) in Arizona reported a concurring period of 8.639 hours with a brightness variation of 0.08 magnitude (U=2).[20]
Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Makhaon measures between 111.65 and 116.14 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.0476 and 0.056.[7][8][9] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0569 and a diameter of 116.35 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 8.4.[4]
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Notes
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 "3063 Makhaon (1983 PV)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
- 1 2 3 4 Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (3063) Makhaon. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 10547. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
- 1 2 3 4 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 3063 Makhaon (1983 PV)" (2017-11-02 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "LCDB Data for (3063) Makhaon". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 12 June 2018.
- 1 2 "List of Jupiter Trojans". Minor Planet Center. 30 May 2018. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
- 1 2 3 "Asteroid (3063) Makhaon – Proper elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
- 1 2 3 4 Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Masiero, J. R.; Nugent, C. R. (November 2012). "WISE/NEOWISE Observations of the Jovian Trojan Population: Taxonomy" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 759 (1): 10. arXiv:1209.1549. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759...49G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/49. Retrieved 9 June 2018. (online catalog)
- 1 2 3 4 Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 15 June 2018. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
- 1 2 3 4 Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System – IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
- 1 2 French, Linda M.; Stephens, Robert D.; Lederer, Susan M.; Coley, Daniel R.; Rohl, Derrick A. (April 2011). "Preliminary Results from a Study of Trojan Asteroids". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 38 (2): 116–120. Bibcode:2011MPBu...38..116F. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
- 1 2 Lazzaro, D.; Angeli, C. A.; Carvano, J. M.; Mothé-Diniz, T.; Duffard, R.; Florczak, M. (November 2004). "S3OS2: the visible spectroscopic survey of 820 asteroids" (PDF). Icarus. 172 (1): 179–220. Bibcode:2004Icar..172..179L. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.006. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
- ↑ Roig, F.; Ribeiro, A. O.; Gil-Hutton, R. (June 2008). "Taxonomy of asteroid families among the Jupiter Trojans: comparison between spectroscopic data and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey colors" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 483 (3): 911–931. arXiv:0712.0046. Bibcode:2008A&A...483..911R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20079177. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
- ↑ Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). "Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families" (PDF). Asteroids IV: 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
- 1 2 "Asteroid 3063 Makhaon". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
- ↑ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
- ↑ Binzel, Richard P.; Sauter, Linda M. (February 1992). "Trojan, Hilda, and Cybele asteroids - New lightcurve observations and analysis". Icarus: 222–238. Bibcode:1992Icar...95..222B. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(92)90039-A. ISSN 0019-1035. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
- ↑ Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (3063) Makhaon". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
- ↑ Mottola, Stefano; Di Martino, Mario; Erikson, Anders; Gonano-Beurer, Maria; Carbognani, Albino; Carsenty, Uri; et al. (May 2011). "Rotational Properties of Jupiter Trojans. I. Light Curves of 80 Objects". The Astronomical Journal. 141 (5): 32. Bibcode:2011AJ....141..170M. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/141/5/170. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
- ↑ Stephens, Robert D.; Coley, Daniel R.; Warner, Brian D.; French, Linda, M. (October 2016). "Lightcurves of Jovian Trojan Asteroids from the Center for Solar System Studies: L4 Greek Camp and Spies". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 43 (4): 323–331. Bibcode:2016MPBu...43..323S. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
- ↑ Alkema, Michael S. (July 2013). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at Elephant Head Observatory: 2012 November - 2013 April". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 40 (3): 133–137. Bibcode:2013MPBu...40..133A. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
External links
- Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info)
- Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
- Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
- Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
- 3063 Makhaon at AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site
- 3063 Makhaon at the JPL Small-Body Database