.300 AAC Blackout

7.62×35mm / 300 AAC Blackout
The 300 AAC Blackout plastic tipped, left, compared to 300 AAC BLACKOUT 125 gr match, 300 AAC BLACKOUT 220 gr subsonic, 5.56×45mm NATO, and 7.62×39mm.
Type Rifle
Place of origin United States
Specifications
Parent case .221 Fireball/.223 Rem
Case type Rimless, Bottleneck
Bullet diameter 0.308 in (7.8 mm)
Neck diameter 0.334 in (8.5 mm)
Base diameter 0.376 in (9.6 mm)
Rim diameter 0.378 in (9.6 mm)
Case length 1.368 in (34.7 mm)
Overall length 2.26 in (57 mm)
Rifling twist 1:7
Primer type Small rifle
Maximum pressure (SAAMI) 55,000 psi (380 MPa)
Maximum pressure (CIP) 53,000 psi (370 MPa)
Maximum CUP 52000 CUP
Ballistic performance
Bullet mass/type Velocity Energy
125 gr (8 g) OTM 2,215 ft/s (675 m/s) 1,360 ft⋅lbf (1,840 J)
220 gr (14 g) OTM 1,010 ft/s (310 m/s) 498 ft⋅lbf (675 J)
78 gr (5 g) Lehigh Defense CQ 2,800 ft/s (850 m/s) 1,358 ft⋅lbf (1,841 J)
90 gr (6 g) Barnes OTFB 2,550 ft/s (780 m/s) 1,300 ft⋅lbf (1,800 J)
110 gr (7 g) Hornady Black V-MAX 2,375 ft/s (724 m/s) 1,377 ft⋅lbf (1,867 J)
Test barrel length: 16 in

The .300 AAC Blackout (designated as the 300 BLK by the SAAMI[1] and 300 AAC Blackout by the C.I.P.[2]), also known as 7.62×35mm is a carbine cartridge developed in the United States by Advanced Armament Corporation (AAC) for use in the M4 carbine. Its purpose is to achieve ballistics similar to the 7.62×39mm Soviet cartridge in an AR-15 while using standard AR-15 magazines at their normal capacities. It can be seen as a SAAMI-certified copy of J. D. Jones' wildcat .300 Whisper. Care should be taken not to use 300 BLK ammunition in a rifle chambered for 7.62×40mm Wilson Tactical.[3]

History

While 5.56×45mm NATO has enjoyed widespread acceptance in military circles, the nature of the missions encountered by some special operations groups often demand a round that provides better performance than that available in the high-energy standard velocity rounds and subsonic performance greater than standard 9mm (the ubiquitous pistol round also commonly used in many SMGs).[4]

To satisfy this need, AAC developed the 300 AAC Blackout in cooperation with Remington Defense—under the direction of AAC's Research and Development Director Robert Silvers and with the support of the company's founder, Kevin Brittingham.[5][6]

Meeting these goals allowed the development team to negate many of the perceived drawbacks inherent to other large caliber cartridges used in the M4. Colt Firearms and other arms makers had previously chambered AR-pattern rifles and carbines in various .30 caliber rounds but encountered problems. In the case of the 7.62×39mm, its relatively severe case angle caused feeding issues unless specially modified AK-47 magazines were used, and even then results were unsatisfactory Modified bolts were also needed owing to its larger case head diameter. Rounds such as the 6.8 SPC and 6.5 Grendel had similar part-interchangeability issues but did allow for the use of the standard M4/M16 30-round magazine albeit with a reduced capacity.[7]

300 AAC Blackout rounds shot from a suppressed M4 Carbine.

Wildcat cartridges such as the .300 Whisper series addressed these issues, but their widespread use in single shot handguns and lack of industry standard cartridge dimension meant that a great number of the popular loads on both the supersonic and subsonic end of the spectrum were less than ideal in the AR pattern weapons. Many of these rounds required an excessively long overall cartridge length that would prohibit feeding in a STANAG magazine while using powder charges that were not compatible with the pressure requirements of the M4 carbine. This was particularly noticeable when using subsonic ammunition in conjunction with a suppressor as short stroking and excessive fouling would occur similar to that which was seen in the earliest variants of the M16 in Vietnam.[8]

By keeping the M4/M16 in mind as the primary host during load development the designers could work up a host of cartridges that not only satisfied the ballistic requirements set forth, but also ensured mechanical reliability with the fewest changes to the weapon itself—with only a simple barrel change necessary for complete conversion.[9]

Robert Silvers, director of research and development for AAC said, “We started development in 2009, but most of the work was done in 2010. A military customer wanted a way to be able to shoot .30-cal. bullets from an M4 platform while using normal bolts and magazines, and without losing the full 30-round capacity of standard magazines. They also wanted a source for ammunition made to their specs. We could not have just used .300-.221 or .300 Whisper because Remington is a SAAMI company, and will only load ammunition that is a SAAMI-standard cartridge. We had to take the .300-221 wildcat concept, determine the final specs for it, and submit it to SAAMI. We did that, and called it the .300 AAC Blackout (.300 BLK).” [10]

300 AAC BLACKOUT was approved by SAAMI on January 17, 2011.

On October 23, 2011, SSG Daniel Horner of the USAMU used 300 AAC Blackout to win his 4th USPSA Multi Gun National Championship.[11]

Military use

No cartridge has been accepted as such by any military, but certain Special Operations elements have used it.

Netherlands

In July 2015, the Netherlands' Defense Material Organization issued a tender for 195 carbines chambered in 300 BLK on behalf of the Dutch Maritime Special Operations Force (NL-MARSOF). The intention was to purchase ball, subsonic and lead-free frangible cartridges representing the first formal military adoption of the .300 AAC Blackout.[12] In December 2016 the NL-MARSOF acquired 195 integrally suppressed SIG MCX carbines fitted with a new folding stock developed for use with ballistic visor helmets chambered in .300 AAC Blackout becoming the first publicly known military user of the cartridge.[13][14]

United Kingdom

On the 14th July 2017, the United Kingdom issued a tender for a five year (plus five years optional) contract to supply .300″ Blackout supersonic and subsonic small arms ammunition. Also noted was the fact that the ammunition type had already been in use.[15]

United States

The US Special Operations Command (SOCOM) as of March 2017, has requested defense industry proposals for conversion kits from 5.56 to the .300 AAC, highlighting interest in making the round more available to the wider Special Operations Community. So far the .300 AAC has seen limited use within certain special operations forces, primarily within JSOC. This was due to operators preferring the higher stopping power within close quarter battle engagements compared to 5.56 rounds that are commonly used.

Performance

Example of a .300 AAC Blackout shot in a block of gel.

Maximum estimated Combat effective range = *460 meters (503 yd) 125 grain supersonic. Maximum effective range tested = 800 meters. The Barnes 110 TAC-TX expands out to 300 meters from a 9" barrel and is a Law Enforcement and military round with barrier blind capability.

  • 200 meters (219 yd) 220 grain subsonic
Barrel Cartridge Velocity Energy
9 in (230 mm) barrel 300 AAC Blackout, 115 gr UMC 2,120 ft/s (650 m/s) 1,136 ft⋅lbf (1,540 J)
16 in (410 mm) barrel 300 AAC Blackout, 115 gr UMC 2,295 ft/s (700 m/s) 1,344 ft⋅lbf (1,822 J)
9 in (230 mm) barrel 300 AAC Blackout, 110 gr TTSX 2,300 ft/s (700 m/s) 1,310 ft⋅lbf (1,780 J)
9 in (230 mm) barrel 300 AAC Blackout, 110 gr VMAX 2,350 ft/s (720 m/s) 1,350 ft⋅lbf (1,830 J)
9 in (230 mm) barrel 300 AAC Blackout, 125 gr OTM 2,030 ft/s (620 m/s) 1,143 ft⋅lbf (1,550 J)
16 in (410 mm) barrel 300 AAC Blackout, 125 gr OTM 2,215 ft/s (675 m/s) 1,360 ft⋅lbf (1,840 J)
20 in (510 mm) barrel 300 AAC Blackout, 78 gr Lehigh Defense CQ 2,880 ft/s (880 m/s) 1,436 ft⋅lbf (1,947 J)
24 in (610 mm) barrel 300 AAC Blackout, 78 gr Lehigh Defense CQ 2,960 ft/s (900 m/s) 1,517 ft⋅lbf (2,057 J)
20 in (510 mm) barrel 300 AAC Blackout, 90 gr Barnes OTFB 2,630 ft/s (800 m/s) 1,382 ft⋅lbf (1,874 J)
24 in (610 mm) barrel 300 AAC Blackout, 90 gr Barnes OTFB 2,710 ft/s (830 m/s) 1,468 ft⋅lbf (1,990 J)

The 300 AAC Blackout was designed to achieve energies similar to the 7.62×39mm Soviet in an AR-15 while using standard AR magazines at their full capacity. The 7.62 Soviet's cartridge taper prevented reliable feeding in AR magazines and created wear on the bolt. From the 14.5 in (370 mm) barrel of the M4 Carbine, the M855 5.56×45mm round has an effective point target range of 500 meters. The bullet has significant drop, drift, and energy loss at that distance. From a 16 in (410 mm) barrel, a 125 gr (8.1 g) 300 BLK round has a lower velocity and similar bullet drop and drift at shorter distances. However, it has the same amount of energy at 700 meters that the M855 has at 500 meters. In terms of hit probability, the Blackout has an effective range of 460 meters. From a 9 in (230 mm) barrel, the 125 gr BLK round has the same muzzle energy as the M855 from the M4, and 5 percent more energy at 440 meters. In comparison with 7.62×39mm rounds, 300 BLK rounds with varying loads have a better ballistic coefficient and more energy out of similar length barrels. 300 BLK rounds like the Barnes TAC 110 grain, have "barrier blind" performance, being capable of penetration through several inches of different hard targets. 300 BLK allows a user to have one firearm with the capability of switching between subsonic, supersonic VMAX or barrier penetrating ammunition all with just the change of a magazine. It is able to replace the H&K MP5 for close quarters, and with just a magazine change, bring the fight to longer distances, outperforming the M4 carbine. The .30 caliber cartridge has an 89.1 percent increase in frontal bullet area over the 5.56×45mm, and so leaves a larger wound cavity in soft targets. It also penetrates deeper and initially yaws faster. 300 BLK rounds are effective out of barrels as short as 4.5 in (110 mm). Weapons chambered for the round can be as light, compact, and quiet when suppressed as submachine guns like the 9×19mm Luger MP5 and 4.6×30mm MP7 while having more energy and accuracy at longer range.[16][17]

Round Weight Barrel length Muzzle velocity Range for 100 in (2.5 m) of bullet drop Range for 41 in (1.0 m) of bullet drift Range for 291 ft⋅lbf (395 J) of energy Effective range
M855 5.56×45mm 62 gr (4.0 g) 14.5 in (370 mm) 2,900 ft/s (880 m/s) 500 m (550 yd) 500 m (550 yd) 500 m (550 yd) 500 m (550 yd)
300 BLK 125 gr (8.1 g) 16 in (410 mm) 2,220 ft/s (680 m/s) 440 m (480 yd) 484 m (529 yd) 700 m (770 yd) 460 m (500 yd)
300 BLK 125 gr (8.1 g) 9 in (230 mm) 2,050 ft/s (620 m/s) 410 m (450 yd) 470 m (510 yd) 625 m (684 yd) 440 m (480 yd)
Round Weight Barrel length Muzzle velocity Ballistic coefficient Energy at 300 meters
7.62×39mm 123 gr (8.0 g) 16.5 in (420 mm) 2,396 ft/s (730 m/s) 0.280 712 J (525 ft⋅lbf)
300 BLK 115 gr (7.5 g) 16 in (410 mm) 2,295 ft/s (700 m/s) 0.300 777 J (573 ft⋅lbf)
300 BLK 125 gr (8.1 g) 16 in (410 mm) 2,220 ft/s (680 m/s) 0.320 829 J (611 ft⋅lbf)

Compared to the 6.8×43mm Special Purpose Cartridge, another round made to have increased stopping power over the 5.56 NATO, the 300 Blackout has different capabilities. The 300 BLK was designed with a specific shorter-range focus to have equal or more energy than the 7.62 Soviet and work reliably with suppressors. The earlier 6.8 SPC was simply designed to have more energy at all ranges than the 5.56×45mm. It has a relatively small projectile with a high velocity that maintains performance at range. At 200 yd (183 m), the 300 BLK drops 2 in (51 mm) lower than the 6.8 SPC, while it drops 30 in (760 mm) lower at 500 yd (457 m). The 115 gr (7.5 g) 6.8-round has a higher muzzle energy of 1,694 ft⋅lb (2,297 J) due to its greater velocity, while the 125 gr (8.1 g) 300 BLK round has a muzzle energy of 1,360 ft⋅lb (1,840 J). Both rounds were made to be used in an easily converted AR-15. The 6.8 SPC has a more difficult conversion because it was designed around the obsolete .30 Remington cartridge, requiring a different bolt and decreasing standard magazine capacity. The 300 BLK was made specifically for ease of conversion, so the standard bolt will work and a magazine can be used to its full capacity, so the only change needed is the barrel.[18]

Potential hazards

AR-15 rifle with dustcover and magazine band that identify it as having a chambering of .300 AAC Blackout

The very advantage of the 300 BLK (its similarity to the popular .223/5.56 caliber) can also be a safety issue if ammunition of the two calibers is mixed. Because of similar chamber dimensions between the two calibers, SAAMI has listed the combination of using a 300 BLK round in a .223 chamber as unsafe.[3] Since the bullet of the 300 BLK is larger than the bore of the .223 caliber, chambering and firing would cause excessive pressure to build up since the bullet has nowhere to go, which can cause the rifle to explode resulting in risk of injury or death. Since the mix up easily can be done, some suggest owners of firearms in both calibers to carefully separate firearm and ammunition of the two types by for instance clearly marking the firearms and magazines, and visually inspect every round while loading magazines.[19] Whether a 300 BLK cartridge actually is able to chamber in a .223 barrel depends on bullet length and shape, bullet seating depth, crimping, and the volume of powder charge. Ideally, cartridges would use one of the longer projectiles, a case-filling powder charge, and have the projectile crimped into place.

Predecessors

  • Pioneering work by the USAF Armament Lab at Eglin Air Force Base in the late 1960s produced the 7.62×28mm cartridge which propelled a 172 gr match projectile to the 1,050 ft/s (320 m/s) range but suffered from various reliability issues.[20]
  • More recently, popular wildcats such the .300-221, 300 Fireball, and JD Jones' proprietary version of them, the .300 Whisper, have furthered the concept.[21]

The 300 AAC Blackout is a SAAMI standardized .300-221. Hornady states that any rifle chambered for the 300 AAC Blackout can shoot their .300 Whisper ammunition, which is made within 300 AAC Blackout specs. The reloading dies for these two cartridges are often the same.[22]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "American National Standard Voluntary Industry Performance Standards for Pressure and Velocity of Centerfire Rifle Ammunition for the Use of Commercial Manufacturers" (PDF). November 8, 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 28, 2018. Retrieved November 8, 2017. 300 BLK SAAMI drawing (page 110)]
  2. ↑ or 300 AAC Blackout C.I.P. TDCC sheet 300 ACC Blackout
  3. 1 2 "Technical Data Sheet - Unsafe Firearm Ammunition Combinations - SAAMI" (PDF).
  4. ↑ "Strategy Page".
  5. ↑ "Military Times".
  6. ↑ Guthrie, J (Jan 2013). "The 300 Blackout Story". Book of the AR-15.
  7. ↑ Lee, Jerry (August 12, 2013). Gun Digest 2014. Iola, Wisconsin: Krause Publications. pp. 114–116. ISBN 978-1-4402-3542-9.
  8. ↑ "L. James Sullivan Interview". Small Arms Review. 2001.
  9. ↑ Cooke, Steve (Jan 2012). "The Ultimate Battle Round?". Recoil. 1 (1).
  10. ↑ "Shades of Gray: .300 Whisper & .300 AAC Blackout". www.americanrifleman.org.
  11. ↑ "Army Times".
  12. ↑ Wilk, Remigiusz (July 2, 2015). "Dutch special forces to buy carbines chambered in 300 BLK". Janes Defence. Retrieved July 4, 2015. >
  13. ↑ Wilk, Remigiusz (November 24, 2016). "SIG MCX rifles delivered to Dutch special forces". IHS Jane's 360. IHS Jane's Defence Weekly. Archived from the original on November 9, 2017. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
  14. ↑ "Dutch MARSOF officially purchase .300 BLK SIG MCX Rifles". TFB.com. The Firearms Blog. 9 December 2016.
  15. ↑ "Prior information notice for contracts in the field of defence and security supplies". European Union. 14 July 2017. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
  16. ↑ "300 AAC Blackout Ammo - Mid America Munitions". www.midamericamunitions.com.
  17. ↑ http://www.dtic.mil/ndia/2012armaments/Wednesday13590Silvers.pdf
  18. ↑ "6.8 SPC versus 300 BLK?". Thetruthaboutguns.com. September 24, 2012.
  19. ↑ "Avoiding the .300BLK AR-15 'ka-boom!'". www.nrablog.com.
  20. ↑ Ordnance magazine Sept-Oct 1970
  21. ↑ Barnes, Frank C. (October 5, 2012). Cartridges of the World: A Complete Illustrated Reference for More Than 1,500 Cartridges. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. pp. 436–437. ISBN 1-4402-3059-5.
  22. ↑ "Shades of Gray: .300 Whisper & .300 AAC Blackout". www.americanrifleman.org.
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