2012 Ingleside, San Francisco homicide

Ingleside, San Francisco homicides
2012 Ingleside, San Francisco homicide (San Francisco County)
Location Ingleside, San Francisco, California, United States
Coordinates 37°43′22″N 122°27′00″W / 37.722694°N 122.449965°W / 37.722694; -122.449965
Date March 23, 2012 (2012-03-23)
Attack type
 Mass murder
Deaths Five
Suspected perpetrator
 Binh Thai Luc
Charges Five counts of murder with aggravating circumstances of multiple murders and lying in wait, five counts of robbery, and one count of burglary

Five people were found dead at a home in Ingleside, San Francisco, on the morning of Friday, March 23, 2012. The victims, all Chinese immigrants, were an elderly couple, two of their adult children, and their daughter-in-law. In Chinese-language media both in the United States and overseas, which devoted the most coverage to the killings, the case was usually referred to as the Lei family quintuple slayings.[lower-alpha 1]

Police initially believed the case to be a murder-suicide, but two days later arrested 35-year-old San Francisco resident Binh Thai Luc,[lower-alpha 2] a friend of one of the victims, and charged him with five counts of murder, five counts of robbery, and two counts of burglary. At his arraignment on April 5, 2012, Luc pleaded not guilty to the charges. After years of delays in preliminary hearings as prosecutors requested additional time to review evidence, Luc's trial finally began on October 10, 2017. Following a seven-week trial and a week of deliberation, on December 11 the jury found Luc guilty of all the murder and burglary charges. Luc was subsequently sentenced to five consecutive life terms and began serving his sentence at San Quentin State Prison in March 2018.

Luc's arrest and conviction led to political controversy over deportation from the United States, in particular the Supreme Court ruling in Zadvydas v. Davis that existing statutes did not authorize long-term post-prison detention of criminals whose deportations could not be carried out. Luc, a native of Vietnam who immigrated to the U.S. legally in 1989 as a child, was ordered deported after a 1998 conviction for armed robbery, but was released in the U.S. after completing his sentence because Vietnam's repatriation agreement with the U.S. explicitly excludes people who arrived in the U.S. before 1995. Republican politicians suggested amending the law to permit longer-term detention of deportable criminals and to deny visas to citizens of countries which failed to issue a travel document to any person ordered deported from the United States, and in 2017, the Vietnamese and U.S. governments formed a working group to discuss deportation issues.

Killings

Discovery

At approximately 7:45 am PST on March 23, 2012, three people were found dead inside a row house with the address of 16 Howth Street, located in the Ingleside district of San Francisco, near City College of San Francisco.[4] The bodies were discovered by a daughter and granddaughter of the elder slain couple.[5] Police arrived and found two more bodies in the house's backyard.[6] A neighbor said that she heard a "loud male person angry or yelling at around midnight" the night prior to the morning the bodies were found, but did not hear any gunshots.[7] The five victims were all Chinese immigrants and were related to each other; among the dead was 37-year-old Yingxue "Jess" Lei, the owner of the house.[8][9] Investigators said that the victims suffered from blunt trauma, and ruled out gunshot wounds as the cause of death. Police also believed an "edged weapon" was involved in the slayings, although they never located the weapon that was used.[10][11] News reports speculated that the killings were motivated by an attempt to collect on gambling debts; investigators declined to comment on that theory.[12]

Arrest

Following the homicides, police carried out intensive investigations involving more than forty officers, and executed search warrants in San Francisco and in neighboring San Mateo County to locate the suspect.[13] On Sunday, March 25, 2012, the San Francisco Police Department announced that they had arrested 35-year-old Binh Thai Luc, a San Francisco man, and charged him with five counts of murder in connection with the five bodies found in the home. Luc has an extensive criminal record, and his younger brother, 32-year-old Brian Luc, also a San Francisco resident, was arrested the same day as his brother on unrelated charges of drugs and ammunition possession and violation of probation.[9] Binh Thai Luc is reported to have known all five of the victims, and had been a frequent guest at their house.[5] Police stated that both Luc brothers were affiliated with a Vietnamese street gang.[4] At the time, Binh Thai Luc was employed as a plumber.[5]

Victims

The five victims, all Chinese immigrants, were related to each other:[8]

  • Hua Shun Lei, 65 (雷華舜; husband), a native of Taishan, Guangdong, was previously a mathematics teacher in China. After moving to the US, he worked at the R&G Lounge in Chinatown for 18 years, first as a kitchen assistant and later as a cook. His specialty was sliced roast duck.[14][15]
  • Wan Yi Xu, 62 (許婉儀; wife), was a cashier at Target.[16]
  • Vincent Lei, 32 (雷元驥; son), was an architect.[16]
  • Chia Huei "Chantel" Chu, 30 (朱嘉慧; daughter-in-law), a student at the nearby City College of San Francisco, was from Taiwan.[16][17]
  • Yingxue "Jess" Lei, 37 (雷映雪; daughter), was a software engineer for Quantitative Medical Systems, Inc., in the East Bay city of Emeryville[18][19]

Pre-trial court appearances

In his first court appearance, Luc requested a Cantonese court interpreter, but also spoke to the judge in English, and requested to be represented by the public defender's office.[20] At the San Francisco County Superior Court on March 29, 2012 before Judge Lucy McCabe, Chief Assistant District Attorney Sharon Woo argued that there existed a potential conflict of interest if Luc were represented by the public defender's office, as the office had previously represented Luc's brother Brian Luc, who was a potential witness. Public Defender Jeff Adachi argued that this was not relevant as his office no longer represented Brian Luc, but McCabe sided with Woo, and so Binh Thai Luc's defense was handed over to private attorney Mark Goldrosen.[21] Separately, the public defender's office filed an appeal from McCabe's decision not to permit it to represent Luc. The matter came before Judge Newton Lam, who on April 10 denied the appeal.[22]

Possibility of death penalty

District Attorney George Gascón stated in late March 2012 that he probably would not seek the death penalty, though Luc might be eligible due to special circumstance enhancements.[21] A poll conducted by CBS affiliate KPIX-TV around the same time found that 56% of San Francisco residents thought the government should pursue the death penalty in its case against Luc, while 33% were opposed and 11% unsure.[23] When interviewed again on the matter in late April 2012, Gascón stated that the special circumstances committee (composed of senior homicide prosecutors) was still awaiting sufficient evidence before making the final decision.[24] During Luc's court appearance on June 19, 2015, Assistant District Attorney Michael Swart stated that the prosecution would not be seeking the death penalty.[25] The maximum sentence Luc faced for each count was thus life imprisonment.[26]

Arraignment and hearings

Luc was arraigned on five counts of murder with aggravating circumstances of multiple murders and lying in wait, five counts of robbery, and one count of burglary before Judge Samuel Feng of the San Francisco County Superior Court on April 5, 2012.[27] He pleaded not guilty to all charges, but otherwise did not speak. His bail was set at $25 million, and his next court appearance was set for May 3 at which time a hearing date would be decided.[28][29] Feng stated that he was "not comfortable" with granting bail, but Sharon Woo of the District Attorney's Office responded that because the investigation was still in its early stages, the prosecution was not yet prepared to offer sufficient evidence to meet the standard of "likely guilt" required to deny bail.[27] Additionally, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) placed an immigration detainer on Luc, such that even if he were to make bail, he would be released into ICE custody rather than being freed.[27][30] In late June 2012, Luc's brother was sentenced on unrelated drug charges.[31]

Luc appeared in court again on July 20, 2012. He continued to be represented by Mark Goldrosen. Feng announced that Luc's trial would be held on October 25, and then adjourned the hearing. Goldrosen explained the delay by stating that the investigation was still ongoing and that both the prosecution and the defense needed time to review witness statements and evidence. He also stated that his Luc was in good health and had received a visit from his parents.[32] By January 2013, Luc's case had still not gone to trial. A pre-trial hearing held before Judge Jerome Benson on January 15 resulted only in another court date being set for March 19, nearly a year after the date of the deaths, because a police report was not yet complete.[33] At the hearing on March 19, Judge Benson had been expected to set a date for a preliminary hearing, but instead defense lawyers again stated that they needed more time to review evidence, and so the hearing was set to continue on May 3.[34][35] In Luc's court appearance on May 30, the preliminary hearing was again delayed until July 30.[36]

By December 2013, the preliminary hearing still had not been held; in Luc's court appearance that month, the judge set the new date for the preliminary hearing to February 14, 2014.[37] Afterwards, the date was further pushed back to April 11, June 18, and then July 17.[38][39][40] On July 17, Luc did not appear in court due to illness; the court set dates of October 16 for the status conference and November 17 for the preliminary hearing.[41] The preliminary hearing finally began on March 16, 2015, and concluded in June.[42][43]

Trial and sentencing

Luc's trial was initially scheduled to begin in March 2016, but prosecutors requested delays in order to have more time to review evidence.[43] Luc's trial finally began on October 10, 2017, before Judge Carol Yaggy.[18][44] In opening statements, prosecutor Eric Fleming of the District Attorney's Office emphasized physical evidence linking Luc to the crime scene, including Luc's fingerprint on a bottle of Windex found at the scene and the blood of the victims found in Luc's car and on a pair of jeans at Luc's home, and suggested that efforts to destroy evidence at the scene by disassembling the sinks in order to flood the house would have required plumbing experience to carry out. Mark Goldrosen's defense of Luc focused on the prosecution's failure to advance a plausible motive for the killings, and on leads which the police failed to follow due to their focus on Luc, such as a report by an informant that a Chinatown gang leader had ordered the killings and DNA samples which had not been tested.[5][45] Goldrosen stated that while Luc was present at the scene, another person masterminded and carried out the killings.[5][46]

The prosecution presented DNA evidence in court on October 17, while a forensic examiner testified on October 24.[16][47] In the fourth week of the trial, the six police officers who initially investigated the scene testified. Both direct examination and cross-examination focused on several thousand dollars of cash left at the scene.[48] Closing arguments began on November 28, and continued for another day.[49][50] Fleming suggested that Luc was motivated by money, noting that he had suffered losses while gambling at Artichoke Joe's Casino, while Goldrosen reiterated that the evidence "strongly suggests there was more than one person involved".[44][51][52] Jury deliberation then began on Monday, December 5, after court holidays due to the long weekend for Thanksgiving. After five days of deliberation, the jury still had not reached a verdict, a fact which Goldrosen attributed to the complexity of the case.[53]

On December 11, the jury found Luc guilty of five counts of murder, five counts of attempted robbery, and two counts of burglary, but acquitted him on the charges of robbery.[54] District Attorney Gascón expressed satisfaction with the verdict, stating that "we’re pleased we’re getting some accountability for the family and for the community", while Goldrosen stated that other individuals involved in the killings were still at large and that Luc "understands that this is the beginning of the process and there are appellate procedures".[54][55] On March 1, 2018, Yaggy ordered that Luc serve five back-to-back life sentences, overriding an objection by Goldrosen who had requested concurrent sentences.[56][57] Prosecutor David Merin, who took over the case from Fleming after Luc's sentencing, presented the victim impact statement on behalf of the victims' family member Nicole Lei, who stated that it was too painful for her to attend the sentencing.[58][59] Luc did not speak during sentencing, except to state to his lawyer that he wished to appeal.[58] He was admitted to San Quentin State Prison to begin serving his sentence on March 7, 2018.[60]

Deportation issues

Treaty and case law

In 1998, Binh Thai Luc was convicted of second-degree robbery and assault with a firearm for holding up a Chinese restaurant and a clothing wholesaler in San Jose in 1996. He served eight years of an eleven-year prison sentence at San Quentin State Prison before being released early on August 10, 2006 into U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement custody and sent to the Eloy Detention Center in Arizona pending an appearance in immigration court.[42][61] The following month, an immigration judge ordered that Luc be deported from the United States.[30]

In the end, Luc could not be deported because the government of Vietnam refused to issue a travel document to allow him to be re-admitted to that country.[42][62] Luc, who is of Chinese descent, moved from his native Vietnam to the U.S. as a legal immigrant in 1989.[61][63] However, Vietnam did not have a repatriation agreement with the United States at all at the time of Luc's deportation proceedings, and even under the subsequently-signed 2008 U.S.–Vietnam repatriation agreement, Vietnam is only required to accept deportees who arrived in the U.S. after the 1995 resumption of relations.[64][65] University of San Francisco law professor Bill Hing stated that this restriction exists because the Vietnamese government believes that Vietnamese who went to the U.S. before that date – primarily refugees from communism – are "products of the United States", and their criminal acts are not Vietnam's responsibility.[64] Due to the 2001 Supreme Court ruling in Zadvydas v. Davis, Luc could not be detained indefinitely either, and was released from ICE custody after 180 days.[42][66]

Political responses

Politicians responded to the news of Luc's arrest with calls for post-prison restrictions on criminals who could not be deported. San Francisco mayor Ed Lee requested that the federal government consider ways of preventing undeportable felons from moving back to the areas where they had committed their original crimes, while various Congressional Republicans called for the passage of legislation addressing the situation.[67][68]

Representative Lamar Smith (R-TX) and Senator Chuck Grassley (R-IA) wrote a letter to Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano on June 1, 2012 expressing concerns about Luc and other foreign nationals who had been ordered deported but continued to live freely in the United States due to Zadvydas v. Davis, and inquiring whether she would support legislation to amend the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 to authorize detention of deportees beyond six months.[69] In June 2013, Senator Jim Inhofe (R-OK) moved S.Amdt. 1203 to the Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013 to authorize detention of deportees beyond six months when their countries of citizenship refused to readmit them, and gave a floor speech on June 20, 2013 in which he mentioned Luc's case several times as justification.[70] A year later, Grassley, Inhofe, Jeff Sessions (R-AL), David Vitter (R-LA), and Ted Cruz (R-TX) introduced the Keep Our Communities Safe Act (S. 2463) for similar purposes; Grassley's press release regarding the Act also discussed the allegations against Luc.[71] In January 2015, those five senators along with John Boozman (R-AR) and David Perdue (R-GA) introduced the Keep Our Communities Safe Act again (S. 291); Inhofe's press release again mentioned Luc's case.[72]

Representative Ted Poe (R-TX) proposed broader measures: he gave floor speeches on March 27 and July 10, 2012 calling for the passage of the Deport Foreign Convicted Criminals Act (H.R. 3256) he had introduced on October 25, 2011, which provides for denial of immigrant and non-immigrant visas to nationals of countries which "refused or unreasonably delayed repatriation" of deportees; in each speech, he referred to Luc and stated that Vietnam and other countries "who fail to take back their lawfully deported criminals" should face consequences.[73][74] He further brought up Luc's case in remarks to Napolitano on July 19 when she appeared before the House Committee on the Judiciary.[75]

After Vietnamese prime minister Nguyễn Xuân Phúc's May 2017 visit to the White House to meet with U.S. president Donald Trump, the U.S. Embassy in Hanoi and the Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs formed a working group and held discussions in July 2017 regarding Vietnamese in the United States to whom Vietnam had refused to issue travel documents for deportation due to the 2008 repatriation agreement.[76] The deportation issue rose to prominence again following Luc's conviction, which came less than two weeks after the controversial acquittal of an undocumented immigrant in another San Francisco homicide case, the shooting of Kathryn Steinle; conservative commentators including Terence P. Jeffrey wrote columns condemning the Zadvydas decision.[77][78][79]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Lei family (Chinese: 雷氏 or Chinese: 雷家) quintuple (traditional Chinese: 五屍; simplified Chinese: 五尸; literally: "five bodies"; or Chinese: 五口; literally: "five mouths") slayings (Chinese: 命案; literally: "fatality case"; traditional Chinese: 兇案; simplified Chinese: 凶案; literally: "murder case"; or traditional Chinese: 滅門; simplified Chinese: 灭门; literally: "slaying of a whole family").
  2. ↑ Vietnamese: Lục Bình Thái or Lục Thái Bình.[1][2] Generally transcribed in Chinese media reports as traditional Chinese: 陸平泰; simplified Chinese: 陆平泰; pinyin: Lù Píngtái; Cantonese Yale: Luhk Pìhngtáai. Some reports used traditional Chinese: 陸炳財; simplified Chinese: 陆炳财; pinyin: Lù Bǐngcái; Cantonese Yale: Luhk Bíngchòih.[3]

References

  1. ↑ "Thợ sửa ống nước Việt gốc Hoa bị kết tội giết 5 người trong một gia đình" [Vietnamese plumber of Chinese origin convicted of killing five people in a family]. Nguoi Viet Daily News. 2017-12-13. Archived from the original on 2017-12-16. Retrieved 2017-12-16.
  2. ↑ "Kẻ sát nhân Lục Thái Bình là Người Việt hay Người Hoa?" [Is killer Binh Thai Luc Vietnamese or Chinese?]. Truyền Hình CaliToday. 2018-03-02. Archived from the original on 2018-03-05. Retrieved 2018-03-05.
  3. ↑ "舊金山華裔一家5口慘遭滅門　嫌犯5謀殺罪成立" [Tragic slaying of all five members of San Francisco Chinese immigrant family; suspect found guilty of five counts of murder]. Apple Daily (Taiwan). 2017-12-12. Archived from the original on 2017-12-16. Retrieved 2017-12-15.
  4. 1 2 Roman, Tomas (2012-03-29). "Police arrest suspect in SF mass slaying". KGO-TV. Archived from the original on 2016-04-08. Retrieved 2017-10-23.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Sawyer, Nuala (2017-10-10). "Quintuple Homicide Trial Begins". SF Weekly. Archived from the original on 2017-10-22. Retrieved 2017-10-22.
  6. ↑ Coté, John; Tucker, Jill (March 24, 2012). "S.F. police probe grim scene at home where 5 slain". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
  7. ↑ "5 people found dead in San Francisco house". CBS News. 2012-03-24. Archived from the original on 2017-10-23. Retrieved 2017-10-23.
  8. 1 2 "Police: 5 slain, 'very difficult scene'". United Press International. 2012-03-24. Archived from the original on 2012-03-24. Retrieved 2017-10-23.
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  10. ↑ Dearen, Jason; Collins, Terry (2012-03-26). "Victims identified in SF slayings that left 5 dead". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2017-10-23. Retrieved 2017-10-23.
  11. ↑ "Closing Arguments Set In Trial For 2012 Quintuple Murder Suspect". CBS. 2017-11-27. Archived from the original on 2017-11-28. Retrieved 2017-11-28.
  12. ↑ Po, Vivian (March 29, 2012). "San Francisco Murder of Five Spotlights Asian Gambling Addiction". AsianWeek. Archived from the original on 2012-03-31. Retrieved 2012-10-25.
  13. ↑ Krupnick, Matt (2012-03-25). "Suspect arrested in San Francisco multiple homicide". The Mercury News. Archived from the original on 2017-05-08. Retrieved 2017-03-27.
  14. ↑ 旧金山华裔五尸命案受害者来自广东台山(图) [Case of five slain Chinese immigrants in San Francisco: victim was from Taishan, Guangdong (photo)]. Sohu News. 2012-03-27. Archived from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
  15. ↑ Chen, Jia; Zhang, Qidong (2012-03-30). "Brutal attack of 5 in SF leaves mourners worldwide". China Daily. Archived from the original on 2012-03-31. Retrieved 2017-11-04.
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  17. ↑ Lee, Catherine (May 18, 2012). "Community gathers for Howth Street memorial". The Guardsman. Archived from the original on 2017-10-24. Retrieved 2017-10-23.
  18. 1 2 梁穎欣 (2017-10-12). 華裔五命滅門案續審 檢控官展示血腥照片 [Trial in killing of five Chinese immigrants continues; prosecutor shows blood-filled photos]. Sing Tao Daily. Archived from the original on 2017-10-22. Retrieved 2017-10-22.
  19. ↑ "Binh Thai Luc, suspect in SF murders, faced deportation to Vietnam in 2006". CBS News Crime Insider. March 27, 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-03-27. Retrieved 2012-05-05.
  20. ↑ Ishimaru, Heather; Lee, Vic (2012-03-28). "Exclusive: How police linked suspect to crime scene". ABC 7 News. Archived from the original on 2017-10-23. Retrieved 2017-10-23.
  21. 1 2 "Judge Rules Public Defender Can't Represent Suspect in SF Ingleside Massacre". CBS SF Bay Area. March 29, 2012. Archived from the original on 2013-05-18. Retrieved 2012-05-05.
  22. ↑ "SFPD Holds Neighborhood Meetings on Ingleside Killings". CBS SF Bay Area. April 10, 2012. Archived from the original on 2014-05-02. Retrieved 2012-05-05.
  23. ↑ "SF Favors Death Penalty For Ingleside Massacre Suspect". CBS 5 News. March 28, 2012. Archived from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2012-10-24.
  24. ↑ Tyler, Carolyn (April 30, 2012). "George Gascon talks SF hot topics with ABC7". KGO-TV. Archived from the original on 2017-09-19. Retrieved 2012-05-05.
  25. ↑ 崔林子 [Cui Linzi] (2015-06-20). 雷家五屍命案 檢方不求判死刑 [Slayings of five members of Lei family: prosecutors will not seek death penalty]. Sing Tao Daily. Archived from the original on 2015-07-25. Retrieved 2015-07-25.
  26. ↑ "Archived copy" 旧金山五华人命案近日开庭 嫌犯或将判无期徒刑 [Hearing held in case of five Chinese slain in San Francisco; suspect could face life in prison]. Xinhua News Agency. March 18, 2015. Archived from the original on August 19, 2017. Retrieved October 24, 2017.
  27. 1 2 3 Samaha, Albert (2012-04-05). "Binh Thai Luc Pleads Not Guilty to All Charges of Murdering Ingleside Family". SF Weekly. Archived from the original on 2017-10-24. Retrieved 2017-10-24.
  28. ↑ Huet, Ellen (April 6, 2012). "S.F. mass slayings defendant pleads not guilty". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on 2016-03-11. Retrieved 2012-05-05.
  29. ↑ "Binh Thai Luc Held on $25 Million Bail". NBC Bay Area. April 5, 2012. Archived from the original on 2014-05-02. Retrieved 2012-05-05.
  30. 1 2 "San Francisco Slayings Suspect Avoided Deportation, Victims Identified". CBS News. 2012-03-26. Archived from the original on 2012-04-03. Retrieved 2017-10-24.
  31. ↑ "Brother of San Francisco Massacre Suspect Sentenced on Drug Charges". CBS News. June 19, 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-06-23. Retrieved 2012-06-23.
  32. ↑ 胡健宏 (July 21, 2012). 雷氏五屍案被告陸平泰提堂排期10月審 [Slayings of five members of Lei family: defendant Binh Thai Luc to appear in court in October]. Sing Tao Daily. Archived from the original on 2012-07-29. Retrieved 2012-08-03.
  33. ↑ 黄伟江 (January 16, 2013). 五尸案初级聆讯押后至3月 [Five slayings case: preliminary hearing delayed to March]. Sing Tao Daily. Archived from the original on 2014-03-29. Retrieved 2013-01-23.
  34. ↑ "Hearing in case of 5 slain in SF continued". KTVU News. 2013-03-19. Archived from the original on 2014-03-29. Retrieved 2013-03-29.
  35. ↑ 三藩市5尸案提堂 5月3日审 [Preliminary hearing for five slayings case in San Francisco on May 3]. Sing Tao Daily. 2013-03-20. Archived from the original on 2014-03-29. Retrieved 2013-03-29.
  36. ↑ McMenamin, Dan (May 30, 2013). "Triple Slaying, Quintuple Homicide Intersect In San Francisco Courtroom". The San Francisco Appeal. Archived from the original on June 22, 2013. Retrieved 2013-06-17.
  37. ↑ 三藩市五屍命案 疑兇輕鬆出庭不時微笑 [Five slayings case in San Francisco: suspected murderer relaxed in court, smiled occasionally]. Sina News. 2013-12-07. Archived from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2014-03-19.
  38. ↑ 仇家奇 (2014-02-15). 五屍命案提堂 聆訊延至4月. Sing Tao Daily. Archived from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2014-03-19.
  39. ↑ 姚善珩 (2014-04-12). 五屍滅門案提堂 辯方再請押后 [Case of five members of household all slain: prosecutors request delay]. Sing Tao Daily. Archived from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
  40. ↑ 李娜三 (2014-06-19). 五屍滅門案下月決定審期 [Case of five members of household all slain: hearing scheduled for next month]. Sing Tao Daily. Archived from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2014-07-25.
  41. ↑ 五尸灭门案初步聆讯11月举行 [Case of five members of household all slain: preliminary hearing to be held in November]. Sing Tao Daily. 2014-07-18. Archived from the original on 2014-07-28. Retrieved 2014-07-26.
  42. 1 2 3 4 Ho, Vivian (2015-03-17). "S.F. man to stand trial in Ingleside quintuple slaying". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on 2017-03-24. Retrieved 2015-07-25.
  43. 1 2 姚善珩 (2015-10-02). 五屍命案 明年三月開審 [Five slayings case: trial to begin in March next year]. Sing Tao Daily. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-10-19.
  44. 1 2 "Jury Hears Closing Arguments in 2012 Quintuple Murder Case in San Francisco". NBC Bay Area. 2017-11-29. Archived from the original on 2017-11-29. Retrieved 2017-11-30.
  45. ↑ Ho, Vivian (2017-10-10). "Trial begins in 2012 massacre of five people in SF home". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2017-10-22.
  46. ↑ 梁秋玉 [Jessie Liang] (2017-10-12). 舊金山雷家五屍命案開審 被告陸太平涉殺人滅跡 [Trial begins in Lei family five killings case; defendant Binh Thai Luc accused of murder and destroying evidence]. KTSF. Archived from the original on 2017-10-22. Retrieved 2017-10-22.
  47. ↑ 梁穎欣 (2017-10-24). 雷家五命案 鑑證人員作供 [Lei family quintuple slaying case: Forensic examiner offers testimony]. Sing Tao Daily. Archived from the original on 2017-10-25. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
  48. ↑ 梁穎欣 (2017-11-03). 五命兇案現場多筆現金未動 [Five slayings case: large amounts of cash left at scene]. Sing Tao Daily. Archived from the original on 2017-11-04. Retrieved 2017-11-04.
  49. ↑ Barba, Michael (2017-11-24). "Quintuple homicide trial to close in SF court". The San Francisco Examiner. Archived from the original on 2017-11-24. Retrieved 2017-11-25.
  50. ↑ Sernoffsky, Evan (2017-11-28). "Trial in gruesome quintuple slayings winds down amid clashing arguments". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on 2017-11-29. Retrieved 2017-11-29.
  51. ↑ 梁穎欣 (2017-11-29). "雷家慘劇結案陳詞 控辯雙方庭上交鋒" [Closing statements in Lei family tragedy: prosecution and defense cross swords in court]. Sing Tao Daily. Archived from the original on 2017-11-30. Retrieved 2017-11-30.
  52. ↑ Sernoffsky, Evan (2017-11-29). "Jury deciding fate of defendant in SF quintuple slaying". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on 2017-11-30. Retrieved 2017-11-30.
  53. ↑ 梁穎欣 (8 December 2017). 陪審團商議五天無法裁決 五屍滅門案最快周一判定 [Jury unable to reach verdict after five days of deliberation; soonest quintuple slaying case could be decided is Monday]. Sing Tao Daily. Archived from the original on 2017-12-09. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
  54. 1 2 Sernoffsky, Evan (2017-12-11). "Plumber found guilty in slaughter of San Francisco family". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on 2017-12-12. Retrieved 2017-12-11.
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  56. ↑ "Northern California man sentenced to life for murders of 5". San Francisco Chronicle. 2018-03-01. Archived from the original on 2018-03-02. Retrieved 2018-03-05.
  57. ↑ "5 consecutive life sentences for 2012 murder of 5 people in SF home". KTVU News. 2018-03-01. Archived from the original on 2018-03-02. Retrieved 2018-03-05.
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  59. ↑ 雷家五命血案 兇徒判坐五世監 [Lei family quintuple slaying case: killer will serve five life sentences]. Sing Tao Daily. 2018-03-03. Archived from the original on 2018-03-05. Retrieved 2018-03-05.
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  63. ↑ 梁穎欣 (2017-11-28). 雷家五屍命案今結案陳詞 [Closing arguments today in Lei family five slayings case]. Sing Tao Daily. Archived from the original on 2017-11-29. Retrieved 2017-11-29.
  64. 1 2 Martin, Allen (March 30, 2012). "Closer Look: SF Massacre Prompts Review Of Vietnamese Immigration Policies". CBS News. Archived from the original on 2013-06-05. Retrieved 2012-04-22.
  65. ↑ "Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on the acceptance of the return of Vietnamese citizens" (PDF). state.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-23. Retrieved 2012-04-25.
  66. ↑ Fagan, Kevin (March 28, 2012). "S.F. suspect not alone in dodging deportation". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on 2012-07-01. Retrieved 2012-04-25.
  67. ↑ Stevens, Matt (2012-03-28). "Slayings of 5 in S.F. cited to back immigrant detention bill". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 2012-03-31. Retrieved 2012-03-28.
  68. ↑ Shafer, Margie (2012-03-27). "SF Mayor Calls For Immigration Reform In Wake Of 5 Murders". CBS SF Bay Area. Archived from the original on 2012-04-17. Retrieved 2017-12-04.
  69. ↑ "Grassley-Smith letter to Napolitano re: Zadvydas cases" (PDF). grassley.senate.gov. June 1, 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-07. Retrieved 2012-10-25.
  70. ↑ "Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act" (PDF). Congressional Record. June 20, 2013. p. S4733. Retrieved 2014-03-19.
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  72. ↑ "Inhofe introduces bill to close immigration catch-and-release loophole". inhofe.senate.gov. 2015-01-29. Archived from the original on 2017-01-12. Retrieved 2015-10-19.
  73. ↑ "Take Your Criminal Outlaws Back" (PDF). Congressional Record. 2012-03-27. p. H1629. Retrieved 2012-10-25.
  74. ↑ "Take Your Criminals Back" (PDF). Congressional Record. July 10, 2012. p. H4689. Retrieved 2012-10-25.
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  76. ↑ Khoa Lại (2017-07-07). "Mỹ và Việt Nam bàn việc nhận lại người Việt bị trục xuất" [US and Vietnam discuss removal of Vietnamese expellees]. Nguoi Viet Daily News. Archived from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
  77. ↑ Morales Almada, Jorge (2017-12-12). "Un indocumentado es declarado culpable de una de las peores masacres en San Francisco". Univision. Archived from the original on 2017-12-16. Retrieved 2017-12-15.
  78. ↑ "Thợ sửa ống nước người Việt gốc Hoa bị kết án giết cả gia đình ở San Francisco sau khi thua bạc" [Vietnamese plumber of Chinese origin convicted of killing a whole family in San Francisco after gambling away his money]. Tạp chí hải ngoại. 2017-12-13. Archived from the original on 2017-12-21. Retrieved 2017-12-21. Truyền thông Hoa Kỳ đang đưa tin về vụ án này trong bối cảnh cuộc tranh cãi về chính sách di trú của tổng thống Trump. [The US media is reporting on the case in the context of the debate over the immigration policies of President Trump.]
  79. ↑ Jeffrey, Terence P. (2017-12-13). "A 1-Justice Majority Allowed This Murderer To Roam Free". CNSNews.com. Archived from the original on 2017-12-13. Retrieved 2017-12-16.
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