1985 Summer Universiade
Nations participating | 106 |
---|---|
Athletes participating | 2,783 |
Events | 11 sports |
Opening ceremony | August 24 |
Closing ceremony | September 4 |
Officially opened by | Crown Prince Akihito |
Main venue | Kobe Universiade Memorial Stadium |
The 1985 Summer Universiade, also known as the XIII Summer Universiade, took place in Kobe, Japan.
Mascot
The mascot of the Kobe Universiade, "Unitan", designed by Osamu Tezuka, is a red-crested white crane, symbolic of Japan and a good omen. The name was chosen from some 8,000 suggestions received from throughout the country. The name is derived from a combination of 'uni' from 'Universiade' and 'tan' from the Japanese name for red-crested crane, namely 'tancho-tsuru'.
Gender test
The sex chromatin test was used at these games to decide on participants' gender; Spanish hurdler Maria José Martínez-Patiño was declared a man and thus ruled ineligible for the women's events.[1][2][3] In agreement with officials who suggested she fake an injury so she could withdraw without publicity, she complied. She later fought, successfully, to have that diagnosis reversed.[4]
Sports
Athletics () Basketball () Diving () Fencing () Football () Gymnastics () Judo () Swimming () Tennis () Volleyball () Water polo ()
Medal table
* Host nation (Japan)
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 42 | 22 | 20 | 84 | |
2 | 23 | 22 | 24 | 69 | |
3 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 21 | |
4 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 20 | |
5 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 19 | |
6 | 6 | 3 | 7 | 16 | |
7 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 15 | |
8 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 14 | |
9 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 8 | |
10 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 7 | |
3 | 1 | 3 | 7 | ||
12 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 14 | |
13 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 7 | |
14 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 8 | |
15 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | |
16 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 9 | |
17 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 | |
18 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | |
19 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | |
20 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |
1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | ||
22 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 12 | |
23 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 8 | |
24 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
25 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
28 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
Totals (29 nations) | 123 | 117 | 128 | 368 |
References
- ↑ Ruth Padawer (June 28, 2016). "The Humiliating Practice of Sex-Testing Female Athletes". The New York Times.
- ↑ Ljungqvist, A. (2008-04-15). "Gender Verification". In Barbara L. Drinkwater. The Encyclopaedia of Sports Medicine: An IOC Medical Commission Publication, Women in Sport. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 183–93. ISBN 9780470756850. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
- ↑ Schultz, Jaime (2014). Qualifying Times: Points of Change in U.S. Women's Sport. U of Illinois P. pp. 111–12. ISBN 9780252095962.
- ↑ Cole, Cheryl L. (2000). "One Chromosome Too Many?". In Kay Schaffer. The Olympics at the Millennium: Power, Politics, and the Games. Sidonie Smith. Rutgers UP. pp. 128–46. ISBN 9780813528205. Retrieved 2 March 2015.