1630s

January–June

• February 19 – Born of The Great Maratha King Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaja at Shivneri Fort in Pune, Maharshtra
• February 22 – Native American Quadequine introduces popcorn to English colonists.
• March – Fedorovych Uprising: Zaporozhian Cossacks rebel against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and occupy a large part of present day Ukraine. After a number of indecisive skirmishes with a Polish army sent to pacify the region, the Treaty of Pereyaslav is signed, ending the uprising.
• March 3 – A fleet sent by the Dutch West India Company captures Recife from the Portuguese, establishing Dutch Brazil.
• March 9 – The 1630 Crete earthquake occurs.
• April 8 – Puritan migration to New England (1620-1640) – Winthrop Fleet: The ship Arbella and three others set sail from the Solent in England, with 400 passengers under the leadership of John Winthrop, headed for the Massachusetts Bay Colony in America; seven more, with another 300 aboard, follow in the next few weeks.
• June – Scottish-born Presbyterian (and former physician) Alexander Leighton is brought before Archbishop William Laud's Star Chamber court in London for publishing the seditious pamphlet An Appeale to the Parliament, or, Sions Plea Against the Prelacy, an attack on Anglican bishops (printed in the Netherlands, 1628). He is sentenced to be pilloried and whipped, have his ears cropped, one side of his nose slit, and his face branded with "SS" (for "sower of sedition"), to be imprisoned, and be degraded from holy orders.^[1]
• June 6 – Swedish warships depart from Stockholm, Sweden for Central Europe.
• June 14 – Passengers of the Arbella, including Anne Bradstreet, America's first poet of significance, finally set foot in the New World at Salem, Massachusetts.

July–December

• July – The Italian plague of 1629–31 reaches Venice.
• July 6
  • The Success, last ship of the Winthrop Fleet, lands safely at Salem harbor, Massachusetts Bay Colony.
  • Swedish intervention in the Thirty Years' War begins when King Gustav Adolf of Sweden, leading an army of 13,000 on the Protestant side, makes landfall at Peenemünde, Pomerania.
• July 9 – Thirty Years' War: Stettin is taken by Swedish forces.
• July 18 – War of the Mantuan Succession: Mantua is sacked by an army of the Holy Roman Empire, led by Count Johann von Aldringen.
• July 30 – John Winthrop helps in founding a church in Massachusetts, which will later become known as First Church in Boston.
• August – Thirty Years' War: As a result of heavy pressure from the Prince-electors, Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, dismisses general Albrecht von Wallenstein from command of the Imperial Army.
• September 4 – Thirty Years' War: the Treaty of Stettin is signed by Sweden and the Duchy of Pomerania, forming a close alliance between them, as well as giving Sweden full military control over Pomerania.
• September 17 (September 7 Old Style) – The settlement of Boston, Massachusetts Bay Colony is founded.^[2]
• September 24 – The first ship of de Sauce's emigrants arrive at Southampton Hundred, on the James River in Virginia.
• October 13 – War of the Mantuan Succession: the Peace of Regensburg is signed. Charles Gonzaga is confirmed as Duke of Mantua.
• November 10–11 – Day of the Dupes: Marie de' Medici unsuccessfully attempts to oust Cardinal Richelieu from the French Court.

Date unknown

• Paramaribo (now in Suriname) is first settled by the English.
• The Deccan Famine of 1630–32 in India begins; it will kill some two million.
• In the Mughal Empire, Shah Jahan's Pearl Mosque at Lahore Fort is consecrated (completed 1635).
• The central square of Covent Garden in London is laid out, and a market begins to develop there.
• Johann Heinrich Alsted's Encyclopaedia septem tomis distincta is published.

• Settlers leave Pannaway Plantation and began to settle in Strawberry Banke which in 1653, was renamed Portsmouth, New Hampshire.

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