‘Inān

‘Inān bint ‘Abd-Allāh (Arabic: عِنان‎, d. 841)[1] was a prominent female poet of the Abbasid period, even characterised by the tenth-century historian Abū al-Faraj al-Iṣfahāni as the slave-woman poet of foremost significance in the Arabic tradition.[2]

Biography

‘Inān was born a muwallada (daughter of an Arab father and slave mother) to ‘Abd-Allāh.[3] She was trained in Yamāma. She was sold to Abū Khālid al-Nāṭifī, who brought her to Baghdad.[4]

In the assessment of Fuad Matthew Caswell,

Her salon at the house of al-Nāṭifī was frequented by the celebrated poets and men of letters of the time, including Abū Nuwās, Di‘bil al-Khuzā‘ī, Marwān b. Abī Ḥafṣa, al-‘Abbās b. al-Aḥnaf and al-Ma’mūn's tutor al-Yazīdī al-Ḥimyarī, among a host of others, one of the attractions being that her master was devoid of jealously and tolerated the ease with which she bestowed her favours.

‘Inān's fame led Caliph Hārūn al-Rashīd to seek to buy her, but he refused al-Nāṭifī's asking price of 100,000 dīnārs. However, on al-Nāṭifī's death, al-Rashīd had ‘Inān put up for auction, ostensibly to help clear al-Nāṭifī's debts. Via an agent, al-Rashīd then acquired her for 225,000 dirhams. As al-Rashīd's concubine, ‘Inān bore him two sons, both of whom died young. She accompanied him to Khurāsān where he, and, soon after, she died.[5]

Work

‘Inān was noted for her rapier-like repartee, which was often sexual or even vulgar in tone, and this will have been an important aspect of her fame/infamy.[6] A large part of her surviving corpus comprises her responses to male poets' challenges in verse-capping contests. A significant proportion of her surviving verse is dialogue with the famed poet Abū Nuwās.[7]

Example

As rendered by Eric Ormsby, one of the virtuosic yet obscene exchanges between ‘Inān and Abū Nuwās runs thus:[8]

One day she asked him whether he was any good at scansion; when Abu Nuwas replied boastfully that he was superb at it, she said, "Try scanning this verse:

I ate Syrian mustard on a baker's platter...
(akaltu ‘l-khardalah sh-shā’mi fī ṣafḥati khabbāzī...)

Abu Nuwas broke the line into metrical feet and responded:

Akaltu ‘l-khar...ti-tum ti-tum

which means:

I ate some shit ti-tum ti-tum...

The assembled courtiers broke into loud laughter at the poet's expense. Not to be outdone, he asked ‘Inān whether she could scan the following (rather nonsensical) verse:

Keep your church far from us, O sons of the wood-carrier...!
(ḥawwilū ‘annā kanīsatakum yā banī ḥammālati l-ḥaṭabi...)

She too had to break up the metrical feet to produce:

ḥawwilū ‘an tum-ti tum-ti nākanī....

which comes out as

Keep away tum-ti-tum-ti he has fucked me...

Editions and translations

  • Ibn al-Sā‘ī, Consorts of the Caliphs: Women and the Court of Baghdad, ed. by Shawkat M. Toorawa, trans. by the Editors of the Library of Arabic Literature (New York: New York University Press, 2015), pp. 11–19 (edition and translation of one medieval anthology)
  • Fuad Matthew Caswell, The Slave Girls of Baghdad: The 'Qiyān' in the Early Abbasid Era (London: I. B. Tauris, 2011), pp. 56–81 (extensive quotation of translated poems)

References

  1. ↑ Classical Poems by Arab Women: A Bilingual Anthology, ed. and trans. by Abdullah al-Udhari (London: Saqi Books, 1999), p. 124.
  2. ↑ Fuad Matthew Caswell, The Slave Girls of Baghdad: The 'Qiyān' in the Early Abbasid Era (London: I. B. Tauris, 2011), p. 56.
  3. ↑ Ibn al-Sā‘ī, Consorts of the Caliphs: Women and the Court of Baghdad, ed. by Shawkat M. Toorawa, trans. by the Editors of the Library of Arabic Literature (New York: New York University Press, 2015), p. 11.
  4. ↑ Fuad Matthew Caswell, The Slave Girls of Baghdad: The 'Qiyān' in the Early Abbasid Era (London: I. B. Tauris, 2011), pp. 56-57.
  5. ↑ Fuad Matthew Caswell, The Slave Girls of Baghdad: The 'Qiyān' in the Early Abbasid Era (London: I. B. Tauris, 2011), pp. 73-81.
  6. ↑ Fuad Matthew Caswell, The Slave Girls of Baghdad: The 'Qiyān' in the Early Abbasid Era (London: I. B. Tauris, 2011), p. 63.
  7. ↑ Fuad Matthew Caswell, The Slave Girls of Baghdad: The 'Qiyān' in the Early Abbasid Era (London: I. B. Tauris, 2011), p. 64-76.
  8. ↑ Eric Ormsby, 'Questions for stones: On classical Arabic Poetry', Parnassus: Poetry in Review, 25 (2001), 18-39.
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