Dinar

Nations in dark green currently use the dinar. Nations in light green previously used the dinar. Yugoslavian states are inset to the lower left.

The dinar is the principal currency unit in several countries and was used historically in several more.

The modern dinar's historical antecedents are the gold dinar, the main coin of the medieval Islamic empires, first issued in AH 77 (696–697 AD) by Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan. The word is derived from the silver denarius coin of ancient Rome, first minted about 211 BC.

Silver dinar from the reign of Serbian king Stefan Uroš I (1243–1276).

The English word "dinar" is the transliteration of the Arabic دينار (dīnār), which was borrowed via the Syriac dīnarā from the Greek δηνάριον (denárion), itself from the Latin dēnārius.[1][2]

A gold coin known as the dīnāra was also introduced to India by the Kushan Empire in the 1st century AD, and adopted by the Gupta Empire and its successors up to the 6th century.[3][4] The modern gold dinar is a projected bullion gold coin, so far not issued as official currency by any state.

Dinero is the Spanish word for money, also derived from the Arabic dinar, which in turn derived from the Latin denarius.

Countries currently using a currency called "dinar" or similar

Umayyad Caliphate golden dinar.
Countries Currency ISO 4217 code
 Algeria Algerian dinar DZD
 Bahrain Bahraini dinar BHD
 Iraq Iraqi dinar IQD
 Jordan Jordanian dinar JOD
 Kuwait Kuwaiti dinar KWD
 Libya Libyan dinar LYD
 Macedonia Macedonian denar MKN (1992–1993)
MKD (1993− )
 Serbia Serbian dinar RSD

CSD (2003-2006)

 Tunisia Tunisian dinar TND

Countries and regions which have previously used a currency called "dinar" in the 20th century

A mancus or gold dinar of the English king Offa of Mercia (757–796), a copy of the dinars of the Abbasid Caliphate (774). It combines the Latin legend OFFA REX with Arabic legends. (British Museum)
Countries Currency ISO 4217 code Used Replaced by
 Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina dinarBAD1992–1998Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark
 CroatiaCroatian dinarHRD1991–1994Croatian kuna
 IranIranian rial was divided into at first 1250 and then 100 dinars
 Republika SrpskaRepublika Srpska dinarn/a1992–1998Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark
 South YemenSouth Yemeni dinarYDD1965–1990Yemeni rial
 SudanSudanese dinarSDD1992–2007Sudanese pound
 Kingdom of Yugoslavia
 SFR Yugoslavia
 FR Yugoslavia		Yugoslav dinarYUD (1965–1989)
YUN (1990–1992)
YUR (1992–1993)
YUO (1993)
YUG (1994)
YUM (1994–2003)		1918–2003n/a

The 8th century English king Offa of Mercia minted copies of Abbasid dinars struck in 774 by Caliph Al-Mansur with "Offa Rex" centered on the reverse.[5][6] The moneyer visibly had no understanding of Arabic as the Arabic text contains many errors. Such coins may have been produced for trade with Islamic Spain.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Oxford English Dictionary, Second edition, 1989, s.v. dinar; online version November 2010
  2. ↑ Versteegh, C. H. M.; Versteegh, Kees (2001). The Arabic Language. Edinburgh University Press. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-7486-1436-3.
  3. ↑ Friedberg, Arthur L.; Friedberg, Ira S. (2009). Gold Coins of the World: From Ancient Times to the Present. Coin & Currency Institute. p. 457. ISBN 978-0-87184-308-1.
  4. ↑ Mookerji, Radhakumud (2007). The Gupta Empire. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 30–31. ISBN 978-81-208-0440-1.
  5. ↑ British Museum
  6. ↑ Medieval European Coinage By Philip Grierson p.330

  • Krause, Chester L.; Clifford Mishler (2003). 2004 Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1901–Present. Colin R. Bruce II (senior editor) (31st ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0873495934.
  • Malaysia: Kelantan collects Zakat in Shariah money
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