Ágnes Keleti

Ágnes Keleti
Keleti (right) training a student at the Wingate Institute in Israel
Personal information
Full name	Ágnes Keleti
Alternative name(s)	Ágnes Klein
Nickname(s)	Aggi[1]
Country represented	Hungary
Born	(1921-01-09) 9 January 1921 Budapest, Hungary
Residence	Herzliya Pituah, Israel[2]
Discipline	Women's artistic gymnastics
Level	Senior international
Club	Nemzeti TE Bp. Postás TF Haladás Újpesti TE
Retired	1958
Medal record Women's gymnastics Olympic Games 1952 Helsinki Floor Exercise 1956 Melbourne Uneven Bars 1956 Melbourne Balance Beam 1956 Melbourne Floor Exercise 1956 Melbourne Team, Portable 1952 Helsinki Team 1956 Melbourne All-Around 1956 Melbourne Team 1952 Helsinki Uneven Bars 1952 Helsinki Team, Portable World Championships 1954 Rome Uneven Bars 1954 Rome Team 1954 Rome Balance Beam
Spouse(s)	Robert Biro
Children	Dániel Rafael

Ágnes Keleti (born Ágnes Klein, 9 January 1921) is a Hungarian-Israeli retired Olympic and world champion artistic gymnast and coach. While representing Hungary in the Summer Olympics, she won 10 Olympic medals including five gold medals, three silver medals, and two bronze medals, and is considered to be one of the most successful Jewish Olympic athletes of all time. Keleti holds more Olympic medals than any other individual with Israeli citizenship, and more Olympic medals than any other Jew, except Mark Spitz.^[3][4] She was the most successful athlete at the 1956 Summer Olympics. In 1957, Keleti immigrated to Israel, where she currently resides.^[5]

Career

Keleti is Jewish,^[6] and was born in Budapest, Hungary. She began gymnastics at the age of 4 and, by 16, was the Hungarian National Champion in gymnastics. Over the course of her career, between 1937 and 1956, she won the Championships title ten times.^[4][7][8]

Keleti was considered a top prospect for the Hungarian team at the 1940 Olympics, but the escalation of World War II canceled both the 1940 and the 1944 Games. She was expelled from her gymnastics club in 1941 for being a non-Aryan.^[9] Keleti was forced to go into hiding to survive the war. Because she had heard a rumor that married women were not taken to labor camps, she hastily married Istvan Sarkany in 1944.^[1] Sarkany was a Hungarian gymnast of the 1930s who achieved national titles and took part in the 1936 Berlin Olympics. They divorced in 1950. Keleti survived the war by purchasing and using identity papers of a Christian girl and working as a maid in a small village. Her mother and sister went into hiding and were saved by Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg. Her father and other relatives were killed by gassing in Auschwitz concentration camp by the Nazis.^{[3][4][7][8][10][9]} In the winter of 1944-45, during the Siege of Budapest by Soviet forces near the end of World War II, Keleti would in the mornings collect bodies of those who had died and place them in a mass grave.^[1]

After the war, Keleti played the cello professionally and resumed training.^[10] In 1946, she won her first Hungarian championship.^[10] In 1947, she won the Central European gymnastics title.^[11] She qualified for the 1948 Summer Olympics, but missed the competition due to tearing a ligament in her ankle.^[9] She is listed on the Official List of Gymnastic Participants as Agnes Sarkany. At the World University Games of 1949 she four gold, one silver, and one bronze medal.^[12]

She continued training and competed at the Olympics for the first time at the age of 31 at the 1952 Games. She earned four medals: gold in the floor exercise, silver in the team competition, and bronze in the team portable apparatus event and the uneven bars. Keleti continued on to the 1954 World Championships, where she won on the uneven bars, becoming world champion.^[3][7][10] At the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Keleti won six medals including gold medals in three of the four individual event finals: floor, bars, and balance beam, and placed second in the all-around.^[10] The Hungarian team placed first in the portable apparatus event and second in the team competition. At the age of 35, Keleti became the oldest female gymnast ever to win gold. The Soviet Union invaded Hungary during the 1956 Olympics. Keleti, along with 44 other athletes from the Hungarian delegation, decided to remain in Australia and received political asylum.

Keleti emigrated to Israel in 1957, competing in the 1957 Maccabiah Games, and was able to send for her mother and sister.^{[3][4][7][8][13]} In 1959, she married Hungarian physical education teacher Robert Biro whom she met in Israel, and they had two sons, Daniel and Rafael.^[14][1] Following her retirement from competition, Keleti worked as a physical education instructor at Tel Aviv University, and for 34 years at the Wingate Institute for Sports in Netanya.^[1] She also coached and worked with Israel's national gymnastics team well into the 1990s.^[3][8] As of 2005, she lives in Herzliya Pituah, Israel.^[1] Keleti has been the oldest Hungarian Olympic champion since Sándor Tarics died on 21 May 2016.^[15][16]

Awards and halls of fame

Keleti was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1981,^[3] the Hungarian Sports Hall of Fame in 1991,^[4] the International Women's Sports Hall of Fame in 2001,^[17] and the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame in 2002.^[8] In 2017, she was announced laureate of the Israel Prize in the field of sports.^[18]

See also

• List of Eastern Bloc defectors
• List of Jews in sports
• List of multiple Olympic gold medalists at a single Games
• List of Olympic female gymnasts for Hungary
• List of top Olympic gymnastics medalists

References

External links

• Ágnes Keleti at the International Federation of Gymnastics
• List of competitive results
• "The Forgotten Olympians" at the Wayback Machine (archived September 8, 2004)

Records
Preceded by Margit Korondi	Most career Olympic medals by a woman 1956–1964	Succeeded by Larisa Latynina