← Nymphaeales & magnoliids	Flora of New York — Acorales & Alismatales				→ Dioscoreales & Liliales
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genera	G	T
Acorales	Acoraceae	—	—	Acorus (sweetflag)	1	2
Alismatales	Araceae	Orontioideae	Orontieae	Orontium (duckweed)	1	1
		Orontioideae	Symplocarpeae	Symplocarpus (skunk cabbage)	1	1
		Lemnoideae	—	Lemna (duckweed) Spirodela (duckmeat) Wolffia (watermeal)	3	10
		Aroideae	Calleae	Calla (callalily)	1	1
			Peltandra	Peltandra (arrow-arum)	1	1
			Arisaemateae	Arisaema (Jack-in-the-pulpit) Pinellia (green dragon)	2	5
			Pistieae	Pistia (water-lettuce)	1	1
	Tofieldiaceae	—	—	Triantha (Tofieldia)	1	1
	Hydrocharitaceae	Hydrocharitoideae	—	Egeria (waterweed) Hydrocharis (frogbit) Limnobium (spongeplant)	3	3
		Anacharidoideae	—	Elodea (waterweed)	1	3
		Najadoideae	Najadeae	Najas (waternymph, naiad) Hydrilla (water-thyme)	2	8
		Najadoideae	Vallisnerieae	Vallisneria (eelgrass)	1	1
	Butomaceae	—	—	Butomus (flowering rush)	1	1
	Alismataceae	—	—	Sagittaria (arrowhead) Alisma (water-plantiain) Helanthium (burhead)	3	12
	Scheuchzeriaceae	—	—	Scheuchzeria (rannoch-rush)	1	1
	Juncaginaceae	Juncaginoideae	—	Triglochin (arrowgrass)	1	2
	Zosteraceae	—	—	Zostera (eelgrass)	1	1
	Zannichelliaceae	—	—	Zannichellia (horned-pondweed)	1	1
	Potamogetonaceae	—	—	Potamogeton (pondweed) Stuckenia (fineleaf pondweed)	2	35
	Ruppiaceae	—	—	Ruppia (ditch-grass)	1	1

Order Acorales

The order Acorales consists of only the Acoraceae (sweetflag family), with Acorus as its only genus.^[1]

↑ P. F. Stevens, (2001 onwards). "Acorales," Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 13, September 28, 2013 (and more or less continuously updated since). http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/Acoralesweb.htm#Acorales.

Family Acoraceae

Acorus

Acorales — Acoraceae — Acorus
Acorus	Sweetflag	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Acorus americanus (Raf.) Raf. 1828. Acorus calamus var. americanus 1836. Acorus americanus (Raf.) Raf. 1954. Acorus calamus var. americanus auct. Acorus calamus non L.	American sweet-flag, American sweetflag, Several-veined sweetflag, Sweetflag Acore d'Amérique, Acorus d'Amérique, Belle-angélique	Native, C:5, Secure, Fertile diploid (2n = 2x = 24) OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, Sun			NYFA-5 USDA-N NPT Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA LBJ Images, wsp
Acorus calamus L. 1753. Acorus calamus L.	Old World sweet-flag, European sweetflag, Single-veined sweetflag, Flag-root, Myrtle flag Acore roseau, Acorus roseau, Acore aromatique, Belle-angélique	Introduced from Asia, Sterile triploid (2n = 3x = 36) OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, Sun			NYFA-X USDA-X NPT Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp

Order Alismatales

The order Alismatales as defined in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website.^[1]

↑ P. F. Stevens, (2001 onwards). "Alismatales," Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 13, September 28, 2013 (and more or less continuously updated since). http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/Alismatalesweb.htm#Alismatales.

Family Araceae

The plants of the Araceae (arum family) have numerous small flowers that are part of a spadix, a spike inflorescence on which the flowers are borne on a fleshy stem. The spadix is usually surrounded by a bract called a spathe.

Subfamily Orontioideae

The Orontioideae contains just two New York species, both native: Orontium aquaticum (golden club) and Symplocarpus foetidus (eastern skunk cabbage). This subfamily also includes the genus Lysichiton which comprises the western and Asian skunk cabbages, neither of which are know to have naturalized in New York.

Orontium

Orontium aquaticum
golden club

Orontium aquaticum (golden club), the only living species of its grenus, probably reaches the northern extent of its range in New York and adjacent New England. It is considered to be threatened in New York, where it is mostly found in Hudson River tidal marshes but has been reported in acidic bogs and ponds farther inland.

Alismatales — Araceae — Orontioideae — Orontieae
Orontium	Goldenclub	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Orontium aquaticum L. 1753. Orontium aquaticum L. 1895. Aronia aquatica (L.) Baill.	Golden club	Native, C:9, Threatened, NYNHP: 2^[1] OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, Part shade			NYFA-2 USDA-N0 ARS Trop. BNA LBJ Images, wsp
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Orontium aquaticum. Threatened, S2/G5.

Symplocarpus

Symplocarpus foetidus
skunk cabbage

Skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus) is the only North American native of the genus. The western skunk cabbage is in the genus Lysichiton and has not been reported to have naturalized in New York.

Alismatales — Araceae — Orontioideae — Symplocarpeae
Symplocarpus	Skunk-cabbage	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) W.Salisb. 1753. Dracontium foetidum L. 1808. Spathyema foetida (L.) Raf. nom. inval. 1812. Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) W.Salisb. 1817. S. foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex W.P.C.Barton	Skunk cabbage, Polecatweed Chou puant, Tabac-du-diable	Native, C:5, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, Shade			NYFA-5 USDA-NN ARS FNA Trop. LBJ Images, wsp

Subfamily Lemnoideae

Duckweeds:
• Spirodela polyrhiza (large),
• Lemna minor (medium),
• Wolffia arrhiza (small).

The Lemnoideae contains the small aquatic plants known as duckweeds, or water lentils. This subfamily contains plants previously placed in the Lemnaceae.

Spirodela

Spirodela polyrrhiza - common duck-meat

Common duck-meat (Spirodela polyrrhiza)

Alismatales — Araceae — Lemnoideae — Spirodela
Spirodela	Duckmeat	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.) Schleid. 1753. Lemna polyrhiza L. 1839. Spirodela polyrhiza Schleid. 1839. Spirodela polyrrhiza Schleid. ^[1]	Common water-flaxseed, Common duck-meal, Common duck-meat, Greater duckweed, Giant duckweed Spirodèle polyrhize	Native, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp
↑ "The initial ρ of a Greek word transliterated as rh, e.g. rhiza (ριζα, root, rhizome), should have an additional r added to it when preceded by a vowel, e.g. Glycyrrhiza (γλυκυρριζα, liquorice, from γλυκος, sweet, ριζα, root), leptorrhiza (λεπτορριζα, with a thin root, from λεπτος, small, slender), but as many reputable authors, Linnaeus among them, have omitted this additional r, it is best regarded as optional and an author's original spelling, as in Lemna polyrhiza, should be accepted." - W. T. Stearn (1992), Botanical Latin ed. 4: 261.

Lemna

Alismatales — Araceae — Lemnoideae — Lemna
Lemna	Duckweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lemna minor L. L. cyclostasa Ell. ex Schleid. L. minima Chev. ex Schleid.	Lesser duckweed	Native, C:2, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp
Lemna trisulca L.	Star duckweed	Native, C:4, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp
Lemna perpusilla Torr.	Minute duckweed	Native, C:4, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[1]			NYFA-1 USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp
Lemna valdiviana Phil.	Pale duckweed, Valdivia duckweed	Native, C:10, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[2]			NYFA-1 USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp
Lemna turionifera Landolt	Turion duckweed, Lenticulare turionifère	Native, C:4, Unranked OBL			NYFA-U USDA-NN NPT ITIS Images, wsp
Lemna (excluded species)	Duckweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lemna gibba L. Lemna gibba L.	Swollen duckweed	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-N0 Images, wsp
Lemna obscura (Austin) Daubs L. minor var. obscura	Little duckweed	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-N0 ARS Images, wsp
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Lemna perpusilla. Endangered, S1/G5. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Lemna valdiviana. Endangered, S1/G5.

Wolffia

Wolffia columbiana - Columbian watermeal

The genus Wolffia (watermeal) contains the world's smallest flowering plants, each an undifferentiated, rootless floating body. These species are often found in mixed populations in still ponds, lakes, and marshes in various parts of the state.

Alismatales — Araceae — Lemnoideae — Wolffia
Wolffia Horkel ex Schleiden	Watermeal	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Wolffia columbiana H.Karst. 1865. Wolffia columbiana H.Karst 1892. Grantia columbiana (H.Karst.) MacMill. 1912. Bruniera columbiana (H.Karst.) Nieuwl.	Columbian watermeal, Columbia watermeal, Columbian duckmeal Wolffie de Colombie	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can Images, wsp
Wolffia borealis (Engelm.) Landolt & Wildi ex Gandhi, Wiersema & Brouillet 1867. W. brasiliensis var. borealis Engelm. 1977. Wolffia borealis Landolt & … nom. inval. 2012. Wolffia borealis … ex Ghandhi, … auct. Wolffia punctata	Dotted watermeal, Northern watermeal, Northern duckmeal Wolffie borèle	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT ARS ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Wolffia brasiliensis Wedd. Bruniera punctata Wolffia punctata Griseb. Wolffia papulifera	Brazilian watermeal	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-N0 NPT ARS ITIS FNA Images, wsp

Subfamily Aroideae

Tribe Calleae

Calla

Calla palustris - water arum

Calla palustris is the sole species of the genus and is native to cool wetlands of the Northern Hemisphere, including those in New York State.

Alismatales — Araceae — Aroideae — Calleae
Calla	Callalily	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Calla palustris L. 1753. Calla palustris L.	Wild calla, Water arum Calla des marais	Native, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS FNA Images, wsp

Tribe Peltandreae

Peltandra

Peltandra virginica
green arrow arum, tuckahoe

Alismatales — Araceae — Aroideae — Peltandreae
Peltandra	Arrow-arum	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Peltandra virginica	Green arrow arum, Green arrow-arum, Arrow arum, Poison arum, Tuckahoe	Native, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT ARS BNA Images, wsp

Tribe Arisaemateae

The Arisaemateae includes two genera that can be found in New York: Arisaema and Pinellia. These include the plants known as Jack-in-the-pulpit and green dragon.

Arisaema

Arisaema triphyllum.
Jack-in-the-pulpit

Two species of Arisaema are native to New York: A. triphyllum (Jack-in-the-Pulpit) and A. dracontium (Green dragon).

Three subspecies of Jack-in-the-Pulpit have been reported in New York. A. triphyllum ssp. triphyllum, a tetraploid with 2n:56 chromosomes, likely originated as a hybrid of subspecies stewardsonii and pusillum, each of which is a diploid with 2n:28 chromosomes.^[1]

↑ M. Treiber (1980). "Biosystematics of the Arisaema triphyllum Complex." PhD Dissertation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

Alismatales — Araceae — Aroideae — Arisaemateae — Arisaema
Arisaema Mart. sect. Pedatisecta^[1]	Jack-in-the-pulpit	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott ssp. triphyllum 1753. Arum triphyllum L. 1832. Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott 1835. Arisaema atrorubens (Aiton) Blume	Common Jack-in-the-pulpit, Indian Jack-in-the-pulpit, Indian-turnip Arisème petit-prêcheur	Native, Secure FAC			NYFA-5 USDA-N NPT Can FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Arisaema triphyllum ssp. stewardsonii (Britton) Huttl. 1901. Arisaema stewardsonii Britton 1910. A. triphyllum var. stewardsonii Stevens 1920. A. triphyllum fo. stewardsonii Engl. 1949. A. triphyllum ssp. stewardsonii Huttl.	Swamp Jack-in-the-pulpit, Stewardson's Jack... Arisème de Stewardson, Arisèma de Stewardson	Native, Secure FAC			NYFA-5 USDA-N Can FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Arisaema triphyllum ssp. stewardsonii × ssp. triphyllum	Hybrid of Swamp Jack-in-the-pulpit & Common Jack-in-the-pulpit	Native, Unknown FAC			NYFA-U Images, wsp
Arisaema triphyllum ssp. pusillum (Peck) Huttl. 1898. A. triphyllum var. pusillum Peck 1901. Arisaema pusillum (Peck) Nash 1903. Arisaema acuminatum Small 1921. A. triphyllum var. acuminatum Engl. 1940. A. triphyllum fo. pusillum Fernald 1949. A. triphyllum ssp. pusillum Huttl.	Small jack-in-the-pulpit, Peck's jack-in-the-pulpit Arisème nain	Native, Vulnerable			NYFA-3 USDA-N Can FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Arisaema Mart. sect. Tortuosa^[1]	Green-dragon	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott 1753. Arum dracontium L. 1832. Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott 1903. Muricauda dracontium (L.) Small	Green dragon, Dragon root, Dragon arum Arisème dragon, Arisèma dragon	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
1 2 Susanne S. Renner, Li-Bing Zhang & Jin Murata (2004) "A chloroplast phylogeny of Arisaema (Araceae) illustrates Tertiary floristic links between Asia, North America, and East Africa." American Journal of Botany 91(6): 881-888.

Pinellia

Alismatales — Araceae — Aroideae — Arisaemateae — Pinellia
Pinellia	Pinellia	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Makino	Crowdipper, Asian green dragon	Introduced from eastern Asia			NYFA-X Images, wsp

Tribe Pistieae

Araceae

Alismatales — Araceae — Aroideae — Pistieae
Pistia	Water-lettuce	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Pistia stratiotes L. 1753. Pistia stratiotes L. 1803. Pistia spathulata Michx. 1878. Pistia stratiotes var. spathulata Engl.	Water-lettuce, Tropical duckweed, Nile cabbage Laitue d'eau	Introduced from US South, South America, Africa, Potentially invasive, NYIS: 62%^[1], Impersistent			NYFA-X USDA-N0 Can ARS ITIS Trop. Images, wsp
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Pistia stratiotes: Not Assessable (62).

Family Tofieldiaceae

Triantha

Alismatales — Tofieldiaceae
Triantha	Tofieldia	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Triantha glutinosa (Michx.) Baker	Sticky false-asphodel	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NN NPT LBJ Images, wsp

Family Alismataceae

The Alismataceae (water-plantain family) has about a dozen documented taxa in three genera growing outside of cultivation in New York.

Sagittaria

Sagittaria latifolia
broad-leaved arrowhead

Alismatales — Alismataceae — Sagittaria
Sagittaria	Arrowhead	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sagittaria latifolia	Broad-leaved arrowhead, Wapato, Common arrowhead, Duck-potato	Native, C:3, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-N NPT Images, wsp
Sagittaria rigida	Sessile-fruited arrowhead	Native, C:6, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-N NPT Images, wsp
Sagittaria graminea ssp. graminea	Grass-leaved arrowhead	Native, C:8, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-N NPT Images, wsp
Sagittaria cuneata	Northern arrowhead, Wapato, Wapatum arrowhead	Native, C:6, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp
Sagittaria engelmanniana	Acid-water arrowhead, Engelmann arrowhead	Native, C:9, Likely secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-4 USDA-N NPT Images, wsp
Sagittaria subulata	Strap-leaved arrowhead	Native, C:7, Rare OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-3 USDA-N NPT Images, wsp
Sagittaria montevidensis ssp. spongiosa Lophotocarpus spathulatus Lophotocarpus spongiosus Sagittaria spathulata S. calycina var. spongiosa	Spongy-leaved arrowhead, Tidal arrowhead, Spongy arrowhead, Hooded arrowhead	Native, C:7, Threatened OBL Annual, Herb-forb			NYFA-2 USDA-N NPT FNA Images, wsp
Sagittaria teres	Slender arrowhead, Quill-leaved sagittaria	Native, C:10, Endangered OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-1 USDA-N NPT FNA Images, wsp
Sagittaria (excluded species)	Arrowhead	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Sagittaria australis (J.G.Sm.) Small 1897. S. longirostra var. australis 1903. S. australis (J.G.Sm.) Small auct. S. engelmanniana ssp. longirostra auct. S. longirostra non J.G.Sm.	Longbeak arrowhead, Appalachian arrowhead	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-N NPT ARS FNA Trop. Images, wsp

Alisma

Alismatales — Alismataceae — Alisma
Alisma	Water-plantain	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Alisma subcordatum	Southern water-plantain, Broad-leaved water-plantain	Native, C:4, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-N NPT Images, wsp
Alisma triviale Pursh Alisma triviale Pursh A. plantago-aquatica L. misappl.	Northern water-plantain	Native, C:4, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-N NPT Images, wsp
Alisma gramineum Lej.	Narrow-leaved water-plantain, Grass-leaved water-plantain, Ribbonleaf water-plantain	Native, C:7, Threatened OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-2-3 USDA-N NPT Images, wsp Note: ^[1]
↑ Changes Since the June 2010 Rare Plant Status Lists: Alisma gramineum State Rank = S3S4

Helanthium

Alismatales — Alismataceae — Helanthium
Helanthium	Burhead	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Helanthium tenellum (Mart. ex Schult.f.) Britton 1830. Alisma tenellum Mart. ex Schult.f. 1856. Echinodorus parvulus Engelm. 1868. Echinodorus tenellus Buchenau 1905. Helanthium tenellum Britton	North American dwarf burhead, Mud-babies, Pygmy chain sword	Native, Likely extirpated			NYFA-Z USDA-NN NPT ARS ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp

Family Butomaceae

Butomus

Butomus umbellatus
flowering rush

The sole species of Butomaceae (the flowering rush family) is the aquatic Eurasian plant Butomus umbellatus, which is listed as moderately invasive in New York. Its first appearance in North America was in the St. Laurence River in 1897, and it is now a problem weed in the Great Lakes.^[1]

Studies by L. C. Anderson in 1974 found that the naturalized North American Butomus populations had separate sources. Those east of Niagara Falls, introduced near the St. Lawernce River, originated in eastern Asia. Those west of the Falls were introduced near Detroit, and were from western Euraasia. R. L. Stuckey, in 1994, recognized these two groups as separate species, with B. umbellatus, from western Eurasia, found west of the Falls, and B. junceus, from eastern Asia, found east of the falls.^[2] B. junceus is not widely accepted as a separate species at this time, but if it were to be accepted, New York's populations would probably be considered to be B. junceus.^[3]^[4]

Alismatales — Butomaceae — Butomus
Butomus	Flowering rush	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Butomus umbellatus L. 1753. Butomus umbellatus L. 1837. Butomus junceus Turcz.	Flowering rush, Water gladiolus, Grass rush Butome à ombelle, Jonc fleuri	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Moderately invasive, NYIS: 64%^[1], NE-1^[2]			NYFA-X USDA-X NPT Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA IPN Images, wsp
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Butomus umbellatus: Moderate (64). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY. ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

Family Hydrocharitaceae

The Hydrocharitaceae (tape-grass family) ...

Subfamily Hydrocharitoideae

Hydrocharis

Hydrocharis morsus-ranae - European frog's-bit

Frog's-bit is a recent invader of northern New York State.

Alismatales — Hydrocharitaceae — Hydrocharitoideae — Hydrocharis
Hydrocharis	Frog-bit	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. 1753. Hydrocharis Morsus ranae L. 1827. Pontederia dubia Blume 1925. H. dubia (Blume) Backer	Common frogbit, European frog-bit, Frog's bit Hydrocharide grenouillette, Grenouillette, Morène, Petit nénuphar	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 86%^[1], Prohibited^[2]			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA IPN Images, wsp
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Hydrocharis morsus-ranae: Very high (86). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species

Egeria

Alismatales — Hydrocharitaceae — Hydrocharitoideae — Egeria
Egeria	Waterweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Egeria densa Planch. 1849. Egeria densa Planch. 1857. Elodea densa Casp. 1931. Anacharis densa Vict. 1933. Philotria densa Small	Brazilian waterweed, Brazilian elodea, South American waterweed	Introduced from Brazil, Highly invasive, NYIS: 75%^[1], Prohibited^[2], NE-2^[3]			NYFA-X USDA-XW NPT Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Egeria densa: High (75). ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species ↑ Category 2 Plants - moderately invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

Limnobium

Alismatales — Hydrocharitaceae — Hydrocharitoideae — Limnobium
Limnobium Rich. 1814	Spongeplant	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Limnobium spongia (Bosc) Rich. ex Steud. 1807. Hydrocharis spongia Bosc 1814. Limnobium spongia Rich. 1818. Hydrocharis cordifolia Nutt. 1840. Limnobium spongia Steud.	American frogbit, American spongeplant	Introduced, US South native, Impersistent			NYFA-X USDA-N0 NEW-0 ARS ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp

Subfamily Stratiotoideae

Stratiotes

Alismatales — Hydrocharitaceae — Stratiotoideae — Stratiotes
Stratiotes	Water-aloe	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	0 NPT
Stratiotes aloides L. 1753. Stratiotes aloides L.	Water-soldiers, Water-aloe Stratiote faux-aloès, Faux-aloès, Aloès d'eau	Introduced from Eurasia, Potentially invasive, NYIS: Not ranked^[1]			USDA-00 Can ARS ITIS Trop. BNA Images, wsp Note: CA
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Stratiotes aloides: Listed but not ranked (No reports outside of cultivation in New York).

Subfamily Anacharidoideae

Elodea

Alismatales — Hydrocharitaceae — Anacharidoideae
Elodea	Waterweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Elodea canadensis L.Rich. ex Michx.	Canadian waterweed, Common waterweed, Broad waterweed	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) St. John	Nuttall's waterweed	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Elodea bifoliata H.St.John E. longivaginata H.St.John E. nevadensis (Planch.) H,St.John	Twoleaf waterweed, Two-leaved waterweed, Long-sheath waterweed	Introduced, Western native			NYFA-X USDA-NN Images, wsp

Subfamily Najadoideae

Tribe Najadeae

Najas

Alismatales — Hydrocharitaceae — Najadoideae — Najadeae — Najas
Najas	Waternymph / Naiad	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Najas flexilis (Willd.) Rostk. & W.L.E.Schmidt 1798. Caulinia flexilis Willd. 1803. Najas canadensis Michx. 1824. N. flexilis Rostk. & W.L.E.Schmidt 1942. N. flexilis ssp. caespitosus 1975. N. caespitosus (Maguire) Reveal	Slender naiad, Slender naias, Slender water-nymph, Nodding water-nymph, Bushy naiad, Northern water-nymph, Wavy waternymph	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT ARS FNA NSE Images, wsp
Najas gracillima (A.Braun ex Engelm.) Magnus 1867. Najas indica var. gracillima 1870. Najas gracillima Magnus	Thread-like naiad, Thread-like water-nymph, Slender waternymph	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp
Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus ssp. guadalupensis 1825. Caulinia guadalupensis Spreng. 1870. Najas guadalupensis Magnus	Southern water-nymph, Southern naiad	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT ARS ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus ssp. muenscheri (R.T.Clausen) R.R.Haynes & Hellq. 1937. Najas muenscheri R.T.Clausen 1979. N.g. var. muenscheri 1996. N.g. ssp. muenscheri	Hudson River water-nymph, Muenscher's water-nymph, Mermaid weed	Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1 Endemic^[1]			NYFA-1E USDA-N0 ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus ssp. olivacea (Rosend. & Butters) R.R.Haynes & Hellq. 1935. N. olivacea Rosend.& Butters 1979. N. guadalupensis var. olivacea 1996. N. guadalupensis ssp. olivacea	Guadalupe water-nymph, Southern naiad	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NN NPT FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Najas marina L. 1753. Najas marina L. 1893. Najas gracilis Morong 1903. Najas gracilis Small	Spiny water-nymph, Spiny naiad, Holly-leaved naiad, Prickly waternymph	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NN ARS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Najas minor All. 1773. Najas minor All. 1807. Fluvialis minor Pers. 1808. Ittnera minor C.C.Gmel. 1845. Caulinia minor Coss. & Germ.	Brittle water-nymph	Introduced from Eurasia, n. Africa, Potentially invasive, ^[2]			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT ARS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
↑ The Hudson River water-nymph is endemic to the lower Hudson River (from the Mohawk River to Piermont), one of the few New York endemic taxa. New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Najas guadalupensis ssp. muenscheri. Endangered, S1/G5T1. ↑ Najas minor is rohibited in Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire. Go Botany: New England Wild Flower Society.

Hydrilla

Alismatales — Hydrocharitaceae — Najadoideae — Najadeae — Hydrilla
Hydrilla	Water-thyme	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle 1782. Serpicula verticillata L.f. 1824. Udora verticillata Spreng. 1839. Hydrilla verticillata Royle 1888. Elodea verticillata F.Muell.	Hydrilla, Florida elodea, Waterthyme, Water-thyme, Esthwaite waterweed	Introduced from Eurasia, Africa, Australia, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 91%^[1], Discovered 2008.^[2]			NYFA-X1 USDA-X0 NPT ARS ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Hydrilla verticillata: Very high (91). ↑ Three large infestations of Hydrilla were discovered in Orange and Suffolk Counties in 2008.

Tribe Vallisnerieae

Vallisneria

Alismatales — Hydrocharitaceae — Najadoideae — Vallisnerieae
Vallisneria	Eelgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Vallisneria americana Michx.	Eel-grass, Tape-grass, Water-celery, Wild-celery	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Images, wsp

Family Scheuchzeriaceae

The monotypic Scheuchzeriaceae (scheuchzeria family)

Scheuchzeria

Alismatales — Scheuchzeriaceae — Scheuchzeria
Scheuchzeria	Rannoch-rush	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Scheuchzeria palustris L. S. americana (Fernald) G.N.Jones S. palustris var. americana Fernald	American scheuchzeria, Rannoch-rush	Native, Vulnerable			NYFA-3 USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp

Family Juncaginaceae

The Juncaginaceae (arrowgrass family)

Triglochin

Alismatales — Juncaginaceae — Triglochin
Triglochin	Arrowgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Triglochin maritima L.	Seaside arrowgrass	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Triglochin palustris L.	Slender bog arrow-grass	Native, Threatened			NYFA-2 USDA-NN Images, wsp

Family Ruppiaceae

The Ruppiaceae (ditch-grass family)

Ruppia

Ruppia maritima
ditch-grass

Alismatales — Ruppiaceae — Ruppia
Ruppia	Widgeonweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ruppia maritima L. 1753. Ruppia maritima L. 1915. Buccaferrea maritima Lunell	Ditch-grass, Beaked ditchgrass, Widgeongrass, Sea ditchgrass, Tassel pondweed Ruppie maritime, Persil d'eau	Native, Vulnerable OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-3-4 USDA-NN NPT Can ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp

Family Zosteraceae

The Zosteraceae (eelgrass family)

Zostera

Alismatales — Zosteraceae — Zostera
Zostera	Eelgrass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Zostera marina L. (1753) Zostera pacifica L.	Eelgrass, Seawrack, Zostére marine	Native, Vulnerable			NYFA-3 USDA-NN ITIS FNA Images, wsp

Family Potamogetonaceae

The Potamogetonaceae (pond-weed family)

Zannichellia

Alismatales — Potamogetonaceae — Zannichellia
Zannichellia	Horned pondweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Zannichellia palustris L. 1753. Zannichellia palustris L.	Horned pondweed	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ITIS FNA Images, wsp

Potamogeton

The Potamogeton (pondweed) subdivisions used here are from Lindqvist et al. (2006).^[1] Chromosome numbers are from Kaplan et al. (2013).^[2]

Potamogeton clade 1A

Potamogeton crispus
curly-leaved pondweed

Alismatales — Potamogetonaceae — Potamogeton — clade 1A
Potamogeton clade 1A	Pondweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Potamogeton robbinsii Oakes	Robbins' pondweed, Flat-leaved pondweed, Fern pondweed Potamot de Robbins	Native, Secure, 2n = 52			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT FNA Images, wsp
Potamogeton crispus L. 1753. Potamogeton crispus L.	Curly pondweed, Curled pondweed Potamot crepu	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, Australia, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 80%^[1], NE-1^[2] Note^[3], 2n = 52			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT ARS FNA Images, wsp
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Potamogeton crispus: Very high (80). ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service ↑ The exotic invasive Potamogeton crispus is easily recognized by being the only species in North America with serrate leaves (Flora of North America).

Potamogeton clade 1B

Alismatales — Potamogetonaceae — Potamogeton — clade 1B
Potamogeton clade 1B	Pondweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Potamogeton natans L.	Floating pondweed, Floating-leaved pondweed	Native, C:4, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 52			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp
Potamogeton nodosus Poir. 1816. Potamogeton nodosus Poir. 1848. P. lonchites Tuck. 1893. P. americanus var. novaeboracensis 1893. P. lonchites var. novaeboracensis	Long-leaved pondweed	Native, C:4, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 52			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp
Potamogeton perfoliatus L. 1753. P. perfoliatus L.	Claspingleaf pondweed, Clasping-leaved pondweed, Clasped pondweed, Perfoliate pondweed Potamot perfolié	Native, C:5, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 52			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT ARS FNA Images, wsp
Potamogeton richardsonii (A.Benn.) Rydb. 1889. P. perfoliatus var. richardsonii 1905. P. richardsonii Rydb. 1941. P. perfoliatus ssp. richardsonii	Richardson's pondweed	Native, C:6, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 52			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT FNA Images, wsp
Potamogeton amplifolius Tuck. (1848)	Largeleaf pondweed, Large-leaved pondweed, Broad-leaved pondweed Potamot à grandes feuilles	Native, C:7, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 52			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can FNA Images, wsp
Potamogeton oakesianus J.W.Robbins	Oakes' pondweed	Native, C:7, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, Chro. # unk.			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT FNA Images, wsp
Potamogeton praelongus Wulfen	Whitestem pondweed, White-stemmed pondweed Potamot à longs pédoncules	Native, C:7, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 52			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT FNA Images, wsp
Potamogeton gramineus L.	Grassy pondweed	Native, C:7, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, n = 26			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp
Potamogeton illinoensis	Illinois pondweed	Native, C:7, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 104			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp
Potamogeton × spathuliformis (J.W. Robbins) Morong (pro sp.) Potamogeton gramineus × Potamogeton illinoensis	Hybrid pondweed	Native, Vulnerable OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 78			NYFA-3? USDA-NN Images, wsp
Potamogeton × nitens Potamogeton gramineus × Potamogeton perfoliatus	Hybrid pondweed	Native, Vulnerable OBL ?, Herb-forb, 2n = 52			NYFA-3? USDA-NN Images, wsp
Potamogeton × subdentatus Hagstr. Potamogeton illinoensis × Potamogeton perfoliatus	Hybrid pondweed	Native, Unranked OBL ?, Herb-forb			NYFA-U USDA-N0 Images, wsp
Potamogeton alpinus Balbis	Alpine pondweed, Northern pondweed, Red pondweed	Native, C:9, Threatened OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 52			NYFA-2 USDA-NN NPT FNA Images, wsp
Potamogeton pulcher Tuck.	Spotted pondweed	Native, C:10, Threatened OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, chr. # unk.			NYFA-2 USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp
Potamogeton clade 1B (excluded species)	Pondweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Potamogeton lucens	Shining pondweed	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, N.Y. excluded OBL, 2n = 52			NYFA-XCLD Images, wsp
Potamogeton × angustifolius Potamogeton gramineus × Potamogeton lucens	Long-leaved pondweed	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa, N.Y. excluded OBL, 2n = 52			NYFA-XCLD Images, wsp

Potamogeton clade 2A

Alismatales — Potamogetonaceae — Potamogeton — clade 2A
Potamogeton clade 2A	Pondweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Potamogeton epihydrus Raf. 1808. Potamogeton epihydrus Raf. 1827. P. nuttallii Cham. & Schltdl. 1894. P. nuttallii var. ramosus 1924. P. epihydrus var. ramosus 1932. P. epihydrus var. typicus (i) 1932. P. epihydrus var. nuttallii 1965. P. epihydrus ssp. nuttallii	Ribbon-leaved pondweed, Nuttall's pondweed	Native, C:6, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 26			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT FNA Trop. Images, wsp

Potamogeton clade 2B

Alismatales — Potamogetonaceae — Potamogeton — clade 2B
Potamogeton clade 2B	Pondweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Potamogeton spirillus Tuck. 1817. P. dimorphus Raf. 1848. P. spirillus Tuck.	Spiral pondweed, Northern snailseed pondweed Potamot spirille	Native, C:7, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 28			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Potamogeton bicupulatus Fernald 1893. P. diversifolius var. trichophyllus Morong 1932. P. bicupulatus Fernald	Snailseed pondweed, Snail-seeded pondweed	Native, C:8, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Potamogeton confervoides Rchb. 1845. P. confervoides Rchb. P. tuckermanii	Algae-like pondweed, Alga pondweed, Tuckerman’s pondweed Potamot confervoïde	Native, C:9, Threatened OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-3 USDA-NN NPT Can Images, wsp
Potamogeton diversifolius Raf. (1808) P. capillaceus Poir. P. dimorphus Raf.	Water-thread pondweed	Native, C:10, Endangered OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, 2n = 28			NYFA-1 USDA-N0 NPT FNA Images, wsp

Potamogeton clade 2C

Alismatales — Potamogetonaceae — Potamogeton — clade 2C
Potamogeton clade 2C	Pondweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Potamogeton foliosus Raf. ssp. foliosus	Leafy pondweed	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp
Potamogeton pusillus L.	Small pondweed	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp
Potamogeton berchtoldii Fieber P. berchtoldii Fieber P. pusillus var. tenuissimus P. pusillus ssp. tenuissimus	Berchtold’s pondweed	Native, C:2, Secure, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 NPT Images, wsp
Potamogeton vaseyi J.W.Robbins	Vasey's pondweed	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT FNA Images, wsp
Potamogeton zosteriformis Fernald auct. P. compressus non L.	Flat-stemmed pondweed, Flatstem pondweed	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp
Potamogeton friesii	Fries' pondweed	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4? USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp
Potamogeton obtusifolius Mert. & W.D.J. Koch	Blunt-leaved pondweed	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp
Potamogeton hillii Morong	Hill's pondweed	Native, Threatened			NYFA-2 USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp
Potamogeton ogdenii Hellquist & Hilton	Ogden's pondweed	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp
Potamogeton strictifolius Benn. auct. P. rutilus non Wolfg.	Straight-leaved pondweed, Narrowleaf pondweed	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp
Potamogeton × haynesii Hellquist & Crow Potamogeton strictifolius × Potamogeton zosteriformis	Hybrid pondweed	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1? USDA-NN Images, wsp
Potamogeton clade 2C (excluded species)	Pondweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Potamogeton compressus 1753. P. compressus L.	Grass-wrack pondweed, Flatstem pondweed, Eelgrass pondweed	Introduced from Eurasia, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD Kew Images, wsp
Potamogeton rutilus Wolfg. 1827. P. rutilus Wolfg.	Shetland pondweed	Introduced from Eurasia, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD Kew Images, wsp

Stuckenia

Alismatales — Potamogetonaceae — Stuckenia
Stuckenia	Pondweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Stuckenia pectinata (L.) Börner Potamogeton pectinatus L. Stuckenia pectinata (L.) Börner Coleogeton pectinatum (L.) Les & R.R.Haynes	Sago pondweed	Native, C:2, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Stuckenia filiformis (Pers.) Börner	Thread-leaved pondweed, Fineleaf pondweed	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Stuckenia (excluded species)	Pondweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Stuckenia vaginata (Turcz.) Holub 1854. Potamogeton vaginatus Turcz. 1984. Stuckenia vaginata (Turcz.) Holub	Sheathed pondweed, Big sheathed pondweed, Large sheathed pondweed Potamot engainé	N. America native, Endangered			NYFA-XCLD USDA-NN FNA Images, wsp

← Nymphaeales & magnoliids	Flora of New York — Acorales & Alismatales				→ Dioscoreales & Liliales
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

References

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[1] P. F. Stevens, (2001 onwards). "Acorales," Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 13, September 28, 2013 (and more or less continuously updated since). http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/Acoralesweb.htm#Acorales.

[2] P. F. Stevens, (2001 onwards). "Alismatales," Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 13, September 28, 2013 (and more or less continuously updated since). http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/Alismatalesweb.htm#Alismatales.

[3] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Orontium aquaticum. Threatened, S2/G5.