고독하다

Korean

Etymology

From 고독 (孤獨, godok, “loneliness”) and the native Korean adjective 하다 (hada, “to be a certain way”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key)[ko̞do̞kʰa̠da̠]
Phonetic Hangul[고도카다]

Revised Romanization^?	godokhada
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	godog-hada
McCune–Reischauer^?	kodokhada
Yale Romanization^?	kotok.hata

Adjective

고독하다 • (godokhada) (infinitive 고독해 or 고독하여, sequential 고독하니)

To be lonely or isolated.

Conjugation

Selected forms of the adjective 고독하다 (godokhada)

Stems
Stem 1	고독하 (godokha)
Stem 2	고독해 (godokhae)
Stem 2a	고독하여 (godokhayeo)
Stem 3	고독하 (godokha)
Conjugation type	Vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	고독하다 godokhada	고독해 godokhae	고독해요 godokhaeyo	고독합니다 godokhamnida
Indicative	Past	고독했다 godokhaetda	고독했어 godokhaesseo	고독했어요 godokhaesseoyo	고독했습니다 godokhaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	고독하냐 godokhanya	고독해 godokhae	고독해요 godokhaeyo	고독합니까 godokhamnikka
Interrogative	Past	고독했냐 godokhaennya	고독했어 godokhaesseo	고독했어요 godokhaesseoyo	고독했습니까 godokhaetseumnikka
Assertive		고독하겠다 godokhagetda	고독하겠어 godokhagesseo	고독하겠어요 godokhagesseoyo	고독하겠습니다 godokhagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		고독해 godokhae	고독해서, 고독하여서 godokhaeseo, godokhayeoseo	고독하니 godokhani	고독하니까 godokhanikka
Contrast		고독하지만 godokhajiman	고독한데 godokhande	고독하더니 godokhadeoni
Conjunction		고독하고 godokhago
Condition		고독하면 godokhamyeon	고독해야, 고독하여야 godokhaeya, godokhayeoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		고독함 godokham	고독하기 godokhagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		고독했음, 고독하였음 godokhaesseum, godokhayeosseum	고독했기, 고독하였기 godokhaetgi, godokhayeotgi
Determiners	Present		고독한 godokhan
Determiners	Future		고독할 godokhal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	고독하시다 godokhasida	고독하셔 godokhasyeo	고독하세요, 고독하셔요 godokhaseyo, godokhasyeoyo	고독하십니다 godokhasimnida
Indicative	Past	고독하셨다 godokhasyeotda	고독하셨어 godokhasyeosseo	고독하셨어요 godokhasyeosseoyo	고독하셨습니다 godokhasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	고독하시냐 godokhasinya	고독하셔 godokhasyeo	고독하세요, 고독하셔요 godokhaseyo, godokhasyeoyo	고독하십니까 godokhasimnikka
Interrogative	Past	고독하셨냐 godokhasyeonnya	고독하셨어 godokhasyeosseo	고독하셨어요 godokhasyeosseoyo	고독하셨습니까 godokhasyeotseumnikka
Assertive		고독하시겠다 godokhasigetda	고독하시겠어 godokhasigesseo	고독하시겠어요 godokhasigesseoyo	고독하시겠습니다 godokhasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		고독하셔 godokhasyeo	고독하셔서 godokhasyeoseo	고독하시니 godokhasini	고독하시니까 godokhasinikka
Contrast		고독하시지만 godokhasijiman	고독하신데 godokhasinde	고독하시더니 godokhasideoni
Conjunction		고독하시고 godokhasigo
Condition		고독하시면 godokhasimyeon	고독하셔야 godokhasyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		고독하심 godokhasim	고독하시기 godokhasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		고독하셨음 godokhasyeosseum	고독하셨기 godokhasyeotgi
Determiners	Present		고독하신 godokhasin
Determiners	Future		고독하실 godokhasil

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