ꜥšꜣ

Egyptian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

 m

  1. lizard
Inflection
Declension of ꜥšꜣ (masculine)
singular ꜥšꜣ
dual ꜥšꜣwj
plural ꜥšꜣw

Etymology 2

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ʕiˈʃiʀ/ → /ʕiˈʃiʀ/ → /ʕəˈʃej/

Verb

 3-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to be(come) numerous or abundant
  2. (intransitive, of people) to be(come) rich (+ m: in/with)
Inflection
Conjugation of ꜥšꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ꜥšꜣ, geminated stem: ꜥšꜣꜣ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
ꜥšꜣ
 ꜥšꜣw, ꜥšꜣ
 ꜥšꜣt
 ꜥšꜣ
 ꜥšꜣ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
ꜥšꜣ
 ḥr ꜥšꜣ
 m ꜥšꜣ
 r ꜥšꜣ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect ꜥšꜣ.n
 consecutive ꜥšꜣ.jn
terminative ꜥšꜣt
perfective3 ꜥšꜣ
 obligative ꜥšꜣ.ḫr
imperfective ꜥšꜣ
prospective3 ꜥšꜣ
 potentialis ꜥšꜣ.kꜣ
subjunctive ꜥšꜣ
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect ꜥšꜣ.n
 — —
perfective ꜥšꜣ
 ꜥšꜣ
 ꜥšꜣ, ꜥšꜣw5, ꜥšꜣy5
imperfective ꜥšꜣ, ꜥšꜣy, ꜥšꜣw5
 ꜥšꜣ, ꜥšꜣj6, ꜥšꜣy6
 ꜥšꜣ, ꜥšꜣw5
prospective ꜥšꜣ, ꜥšꜣtj7
 ꜥšꜣtj4, ꜥšꜣt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
Derived terms

Adjective

 3-lit.

  1. many, numerous
Inflection
Declension of ꜥšꜣ (perfective active participle)
masculine feminine
singular ꜥšꜣ
 ꜥšꜣt
dual ꜥšꜣwj
 ꜥšꜣtj
plural ꜥšꜣw
 ꜥšꜣwt1, ꜥšꜣt2
  1. Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun.
  2. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural.
    In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Adverb

  1. often

References
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 95.
  • Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 54
  1. Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 46, 48
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