sꜥšꜣ

Egyptian

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ ꜥšꜣ (“to be numerous”).

Pronunciation

Verb

 caus. 3-lit.

  1. (transitive) to multiply, to make numerous

Usage notes

The plural strokes in this word function as a determinative for numerousness.

Inflection
Conjugation of sꜥšꜣ (causative triliteral / caus. 3-lit. / caus. 3rad.) — base stem: sꜥšꜣ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
sꜥšꜣ
 sꜥšꜣw, sꜥšꜣ
 sꜥšꜣt
 sꜥšꜣ
 sꜥšꜣ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
sꜥšꜣ
 ḥr sꜥšꜣ
 m sꜥšꜣ
 r sꜥšꜣ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect sꜥšꜣ.n
 sꜥšꜣw, sꜥšꜣ
 consecutive sꜥšꜣ.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative sꜥšꜣt
perfective3 sꜥšꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative sꜥšꜣ.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective sꜥšꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 sꜥšꜣw, sꜥšꜣ, sꜥšꜣy
 sꜥšꜣw, sꜥšꜣ, sꜥšꜣy
 potentialis sꜥšꜣ.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive sꜥšꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect sꜥšꜣ.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective sꜥšꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 sꜥšꜣ
 sꜥšꜣ, sꜥšꜣw5, sꜥšꜣy5
imperfective sꜥšꜣ, sꜥšꜣy, sꜥšꜣw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 sꜥšꜣ, sꜥšꜣj6, sꜥšꜣy6
 sꜥšꜣ, sꜥšꜣw5
prospective sꜥšꜣ, sꜥšꜣtj7
 — sꜥšꜣwtj1 4, sꜥšꜣtj4, sꜥšꜣt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

References
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 175.
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