麻雀

Chinese

		(to have) pins and needles; tingling; hemp (to have) pins and needles; tingling; hemp; numb; to bother	bird; lentigo; sparrow
simp. and trad. (麻雀)		麻	雀
variant forms		蔴雀 “mahjong”

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): máquè

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄚˊ ㄑㄩㄝˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): maa⁴ zoek³, maa⁴ zoek^3-2

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ma³ diak²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mà-chiok
Min Dong (BUC): mà-chiók
Min Nan (POJ): bâ-chhiok / mâ-chhiok / mâ-chhiak / môa-chhiak / môa-chhiok
Wu (Wiktionary): mo qiaq (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: máquè
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄚˊ ㄑㄩㄝˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: machiueh
  - IPA ^(key): /mä³⁵ t͡ɕʰɥ̯œ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: maa⁴ zoek³, maa⁴ zoek^3-2
  - Yale: màh jeuk, màh jéuk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: maa⁴ dzoek⁸, maa⁴ dzoek^8-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: ma⁴ zêg³, ma⁴ zêg²
  - IPA ^(key): /mäː²¹ t͡ʃœ̽ːk̚³/, /mäː²¹ t͡ʃœ̽ːk̚³⁻³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ma³ diak²
  - IPA ^(key): /ᵐba²² tiak̚⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mà-chiok
  - Hakka Romanization System: maˇ jiog`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ma² jiog⁵
  - IPA: /ma¹¹ t͡ɕi̯ok̚²/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: mà-chiók
  - IPA ^(key): /ma⁵³⁻²¹ ^(t͡sʰ-)ʒuɔʔ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bâ-chhiok
  - Tâi-lô: bâ-tshiok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bachiog
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ba²⁴⁻²² t͡ɕʰiɔk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ba²⁴⁻²² t͡ɕʰiɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ba²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡ɕʰiɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ba²³⁻³³ t͡ɕʰiɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Singapore): /ba²⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, variant in Taiwan, Penang, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mâ-chhiok
  - Tâi-lô: mâ-tshiok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: machiog
  - IPA (Singapore): /mã²⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /mã²⁴⁻²² t͡ɕʰiɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Penang): /ma²³⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiɔk̚³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /mã²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡ɕʰiɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /mã²³⁻³³ t͡ɕʰiɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mâ-chhiak
  - Tâi-lô: mâ-tshiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: machiag
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /mã¹³⁻²² t͡ɕʰiak̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: môa-chhiak
  - Tâi-lô: muâ-tshiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: moachiag
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /muã¹³⁻²² t͡ɕʰiak̚³²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: môa-chhiok
  - Tâi-lô: muâ-tshiok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: moachiog
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /muã²³⁻³³ t͡ɕʰiɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /muã²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡ɕʰiɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Singapore): /muã²⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰiɔk̚³²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: mo qiaq (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /mo²² t͡ɕʰia̱ʔ⁴⁴/

Noun

麻雀

sparrow (any member of the Passer genus)
tree sparrow (Passer montanus)
(dialectal) mahjong

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 麻雀 (“sparrow”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		雀
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		麻雀
Taxonomic name		麻雀
Mandarin	Beijing	家雀兒, 老家賊, 老家子
	Taiwan	麻雀
	Tianjin	家雀兒, 老家賊
	Harbin	家雀兒, 老家賊, 家賊
	Shenyang	家雀兒
	Hailar	家雀, 家賊
	Ulan Hot	家雀兒, 家賊
	Tongliao	家雀兒, 家賊
	Chifeng	老家子
	Jinan	家雀兒, 家雀子, 家雀
	Muping	家雀兒, 雀兒
	Luoyang	小蟲兒
	Wanrong	飛蟲
	Xi'an	雀兒, 麻雀兒
	Qingdao	家雀
	Zhengzhou	小蟲兒
	Xuzhou	小老雀兒, 老雀兒
	Yinchuan	麻雀子
	Lanzhou	雀兒
	Ürümqi	麻雀子, 乾頭麻雀子
	Wuhan	麻雀
	Huanggang	麻雀兒
	Chengdu	麻雀, 家麻雀, 麻雀子
	Guiyang	麻雀, 瓦雀
	Liuzhou	麻雀, 麻雀鳥
	Kunming	小雀, 穀雀
	Yangzhou	麻雀子, 麻雀
	Nanjing	麻雀
	Hefei	麻䨂子, 麻雀子
	Nantong	麻雀兒
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	麻雀子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	麻雀, 禾花雀
	Hong Kong	麻雀
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	麻雀
	Foshan	禾雀
	Shunde	禾花雀
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	禾丫雀
	Doumen (Shangheng Tanka)	禾花雀
	Doumen	禾雀
	Taishan	禾雀, 麻雀
	Kaiping (Chikan)	禾雀
	Dongguan	麻雀, 麻鷝 Qishi
	Shaoguan	麻雀
	Yunfu	麻雀
	Yangjiang	麻雀仔
	Xinyi	麻雀
	Lianjiang	麻雀仔
	Kuala Lumpur	麻雀仔
	Ho Chi Minh City	麻雀
Gan	Nanchang	奸雀子, 奸雀, 麻雀子, 麻雀
	Lichuan	禾接
	Pingxiang	麻雀, 麻雀鳥仔
Hakka	Meixian	禾鷝仔
	Xingning	禾鷝哩
	Huidong	禾鷝仔
	Qujiang	禾鷝子
	Xiaosanjiang	禾鷝仔
	Changting	禾鷝子
	Pingyu	禾鷝子
	Wuping	禾鷝子
	Liancheng	禾雀鳥
	Ninghua	禾鷝子
	Yudu	麻鳥子
	Ruijin	禾鷝子, 麻鳥子
	Shicheng	禾雀, 禾雀子
	Shangyou	麻鳥子
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	屋檐鳥, 屋角鳥
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	禾鷝仔, 屋檐鳥
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	屋檐鳥
	Dongshi (Dabu)	瓦雀
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	屋檐鳥
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	必子鳥, 屋檐鳥, 屋角鳥
	Hong Kong	禾鷝仔
	Sabah (Longchuan)	麻雀
	Senai	麻雀
Huizhou	Jixi	麻雀
	Shexian	麻雀
	Tunxi	麻雀兒
	Xiuning	米𪇹兒
	Yixian	米雀兒
	Qimen	麻雀兒
	Wuyuan	童梁, 童梁鳥, 麻雀
	Fuliang	麻雀, 麻鳥哩
	Dexing	麻雀鳥
Jin	Taiyuan	雀兒, 家雀兒, 麻雀
	Pingyao	雀兒, 土雀兒, 老家雀
	Xinzhou	飛鳥兒, 小雀兒
	Hohhot	麻雀, 老家子
	Dongsheng	老家子
	Linhe	老家子
Min Bei	Jian'ou	毛隻仔, 隻仔
	Dikou	黃鷝仔
	Songxi	雀鳥仔
	Zhenghe	隻鳥仔
	Zhenqian	雀鳥
	Jianyang	隻仔
	Wuyishan	禾隻仔
	Shibei	禾味仔, 隻仔
Min Dong	Fuzhou	隻隻, 隻囝 suburban
	Changle	隻隻
	Fuqing	隻囝
	Yongtai	隻囝
	Gutian	隻鳥
	Fu'an	王鴓
	Ningde	粟鳥
	Shouning	鸕鴓
	Zhouning	隻囝
	Fuding	麻鳥
	Matsu	隻隻
Min Nan	Xiamen	粟鳥仔
	Quanzhou	粟鳥仔
	Jinjiang	粟鳥, 雀仔
	Hui'an	雀仔
	Yongchun	粟鳥
	Zhangzhou	粟鳥仔, 厝頭雀仔
	Longhai	厝頭雀仔
	Changtai	粟鳥仔
	Zhangpu	厝頭雀仔
	Dongshan	松鳥仔
	Taipei	粟鳥仔
	Kaohsiung	厝角鳥仔
	Tainan	厝角鳥, 厝角鳥仔
	Taichung	厝鳥仔
	Wuqi	粟鳥仔
	Hsinchu	粟鳥仔, 厝鳥仔
	Taitung	厝鳥仔
	Lukang	粟鳥仔
	Sanxia	粟鳥
	Yilan	粟鳥仔
	Kinmen	杙鳥仔
	Magong	厝角鳥, 厝鳥
	Penang	粟仔鳥, 麻雀鳥
	Singapore	粟鳥仔, 粟鳥, 麻雀
	Datian	檐賓仔
	Chaozhou	麻雀
	Shantou	麻雀
	Haifeng	麻雀
	Johor Bahru	麻雀
	Wenchang	鳥暝
	Haikou	鳥暝
	Leizhou	鳥暝
Puxian Min	Putian	鳥囝
Puxian Min	Xianyou	鳥囝
Pinghua	Nanning	偷飯雀, 麻鷝雀
Shehua	Fuding	麻鳥
	Sanming	八哥鳥
	Hua'an	麻雀
	Jingning	食穀鳥
	Chaozhou	麻雀
	Fengshun	禾鷝
Wu	Shanghai	麻雀, 麻將鳥, 麻將 dated, 麻鳥 dated
	Suzhou	麻雀
	Wuxi	麻雀, 麻雀子
	Hangzhou	麻雀兒, 雀兒
	Wenzhou	雀兒, 吃穀雀兒
	Chongming	麻將
	Danyang	麻雀, 麻雀雀, 麻雀子
	Jinhua	麻雀, 麻雀兒
	Ningbo	麻將
Xiang	Changsha	麻雀子, 麻雀
	Shuangfeng	麻賊子
	Loudi	麻雀子

Dialectal synonyms of 麻將 (“mahjong”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		麻將
Mandarin	Beijing	麻將
Mandarin	Taiwan	麻將
Cantonese	Guangzhou	麻雀
	Hong Kong	麻雀
	Taishan	麻雀
Gan	Nanchang	麻將
Hakka	Meixian	麻雀
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	麻雀
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	麻雀
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	麻雀
	Dongshi (Dabu)	麻雀
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	麻雀
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	麻雀
Jin	Taiyuan	麻將
Min Bei	Jian'ou	雀牌
Min Dong	Fuzhou	麻雀
Min Nan	Xiamen	麻雀
	Quanzhou	麻雀
	Zhangzhou	麻雀
	Taipei	麻雀
	Kaohsiung	麻雀
	Penang	麻雀
	Philippines (Manila)	麻雀
Wu	Shanghai	麻將
Xiang	Changsha	麻將

Descendants

→ Burmese: မာကျောက် (ma-kyauk)

Japanese

麻雀 (mājan): a round of mahjong

Kanji in this term
麻	雀
Grade: S	Jinmeiyō
Irregular

Alternative forms

(rare) 麻将

Etymology

First attested around the late Meiji period.

Borrowed from Mandarin 麻將 (májiàng).[1][2]

The kanji spelling is ateji (当て字), from Chinese 麻雀 (literally “sparrow”).

Pronunciation

(Irregular reading)
- (Tokyo) マージャン [màájáń] (Heiban – [0])[2]
- (Tokyo) マージャン [máꜜàjàǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
- IPA^(key): [ma̠ːʑã̠ɴ]

Noun

麻雀 (katakana マージャン, rōmaji mājan)

mahjong

Usage notes

Usually refers exclusively to the Japanese variation, also known as 立直麻雀 (rīchi mājan). See Japanese Mahjong on Wikipedia.Wikipedia .

Derived terms

雀 (ジャン)士 (し) (janshi)
雀 (ジャン)荘 (そう) (jansō)
脱 (だつ)衣 (い)麻 (マー)雀 (ジャン) (datsui mājan)

References

1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
麻	雀

Noun

麻雀 • (majak) (hangeul 마작)

Hanja form^? of 마작 (“mahjong”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this word
麻	雀

Noun

麻雀

Hán tự form of mạt chược (“mahjong”).

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[1] 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN