髑髏

See also: 髑髅

Chinese
skull skull
trad. (髑髏) 髑 髏
simp. (髑髅) 髑 髅

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 髑 髏
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 屋 (3) 侯 (137)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 徒谷切 落侯切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /duk̚/ /ləu/
Pan
Wuyun		 /duk̚/ /ləu/
Shao
Rongfen		 /duk̚/ /ləu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /dəwk̚/ /ləw/
Li
Rong		 /duk̚/ /lu/
Wang
Li		 /duk̚/ /ləu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /dʱuk̚/ /lə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 dú lóu
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 髑 髏
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 11819 8459
Phonetic
component		 蜀 婁
Rime
group		 屋 侯
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 獨 樓
Old
Chinese		 /*doːɡ/ /*roː/

Noun

髑髏

  1. skull of a corpse
  2. head of a corpse

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
髑 髏
どく
Hyōgaiji		 ろ
Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 髑髏 (MC duk̚ ləu, “skull”).

Pronunciation

Noun

髑髏 (hiragana どくろ, rōmaji dokuro)

  1. a weathered clean skull
  2. a death's head
Derived terms
  • 髑 (どく)髏 (ろ)崇 (すう)拝 (はい) (dokuro sūhai): a skull cult
  • 髑 (どく)髏 (ろ)杯 (はい) (dokurohai): a goblet made from a skull

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
髑 髏
Hyōgaiji Hyōgaiji
Irregular

/sarekaube/ → /sarekɔːbe/ → /sarekoːbe/

Compound of 曝れ (sare, “weathering”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 曝れる (sareru, “to weather, to degrade in color or form due to long exposure to wind, rain, and sun”)) +‎ 頭 (kōbe, “head”).[4][5][1][3]

The fricative readings are less common, and derive as shifts from sarekōbe:

  • /sarekoːbe/ → /ɕarekoːbe/
  • /sarekoːbe/ → /ɕarekoːbe/ → /ɕarikoːbe/

Pronunciation
  • (Irregular reading)
  • (Irregular reading)
  • (Irregular reading)

Noun

髑髏 (hiragana されこうべ, rōmaji sarekōbe, historical hiragana されかうべ)
(alternative reading hiragana しゃれこうべ, romaji sharekōbe, historical hiragana しゃれかうべ)
(alternative reading hiragana しゃりこうべ, romaji sharikōbe, historical hiragana しゃりかうべ)

  1. a weathered clean skull

Synonyms

Basic sense of skull:

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  5. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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