鞏固

See also: 巩固

Chinese

		secure; solid	hard; strong; solid hard; strong; solid; sure
trad. (鞏固)		鞏	固
simp. (巩固)		巩	固

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gǒnggù

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥˇ ㄍㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gung² gu³
Min Nan (POJ): khióng-kò͘ / kióng-kò͘

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: gǒnggù
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˇ ㄍㄨˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goongguh
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gǒnggù
  - IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ ku⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gung² gu³
  - Yale: gúng gu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gung² gu³
  - Guangdong Romanization: gung² gu³
  - IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ³⁵ kuː³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khióng-kò͘
  - Tâi-lô: khióng-kòo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiofngkox
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kɔ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kióng-kò͘
  - Tâi-lô: kióng-kòo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiofngkox
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔ¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɔ²¹/

Adjective

鞏固

(usually of abstract concepts) solid; stable; consolidated; strong

Synonyms

堅固／坚固 (jiāngù)
堅實／坚实 (jiānshí)
堅硬／坚硬 (jiānyìng)
結實／结实 (jiēshi)
牢固 (láogù)
牢靠 (láokào)
穩固／稳固 (wěngù)

Verb

鞏固

to consolidate; to strengthen; to solidify
為了鞏固學過的知識，你們一定要多做練習。 [MSC, trad.]
为了巩固学过的知识，你们一定要多做练习。 [MSC, simp.]
Wèile gǒnggù xué guò de zhīshí, nǐmen yīdìng yào duō zuò liànxí. [Pinyin]
You should all do more revision to consolidate what you've learnt.

Usage notes

This term is often used with abstract concepts like defense, foundation, knowledge, power, etc.

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