蒙古

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (蒙古)		蒙	古

Etymology

From Middle Mongolian ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ (mungɣul). Compare with modern Mongolian ᠮᠣᠩᠭ᠋ᠣᠯ (mongɣ᠋ol) (traditional Mongolian) and Монгол (Mongol) (Mongolian Cyrillic).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Měnggǔ, Ménggǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄥˇ ㄍㄨˇ, ㄇㄥˊ ㄍㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mung⁴ gu²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Mùng-kú
Min Dong (BUC): Mūng-gū
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): Bông-kó͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): mong⁵ gou²
Wu (Wiktionary): mon ku (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Pinyin: Měnggǔ [Phonetic: ménggǔ]
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˇ ㄍㄨˇ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meengguu
  - IPA ^(key): /mɤŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Pinyin: ménggǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˊ ㄍㄨˇ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mengguu
  - IPA ^(key): /mɤŋ³⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: mung⁴ gu²
  - Yale: mùhng gú
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mung⁴ gu²
  - Guangdong Romanization: mung⁴ gu²
  - IPA ^(key): /mʊŋ²¹ kuː³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Mùng-kú
  - Hakka Romanization System: mungˇ gu`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mung² gu³
  - IPA: /muŋ¹¹ ku³¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Mūng-gū
  - IPA ^(key): /muŋ³³⁻³⁵ ^(k-)ŋu³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bông-kó͘
  - Tâi-lô: Bông-kóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bongkor
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kɔ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔŋ¹³⁻²² kɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔŋ²³⁻³³ kɔ⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: mong⁵ gou²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mông kóu
  - IPA ^(key): /moŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kou⁵²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: mon ku (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /mʊŋ²² kv̩ʷ⁴⁴/

Proper noun

蒙古

Mongolia

Derived terms

內蒙／内蒙 (Nèiměng)
內蒙古／内蒙古 (Nèi Měnggǔ)
外蒙 (Wàiměng)
外蒙古 (Wài Měnggǔ)
海西蒙古族藏族自治州 (Hǎixī Měnggǔzú Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu)
蒙古人 (měnggǔrén)
蒙古包 (měnggǔbāo)

蒙古帝國／蒙古帝国 (Měnggǔ Dìguó)
蒙古文 (měnggǔwén)
蒙古斑 (měnggǔbān)
蒙古族 (měnggǔzú)
蒙古語／蒙古语 (měnggǔyǔ)
蒙古高原 (Měnggǔ Gāoyuán)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (蒙古):

→ Japanese: 蒙 (もう)古 (こ) (Mōko)
→ Korean: 몽고 (蒙古, Monggo)
→ Vietnamese: Mông Cổ (蒙古)

Others:

→ Zhuang: Mungzguj

References

Duffus, William (1883), “Mongolia”, in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, Swatow: English Presbyterian Mission Press, page 182

Japanese

Kanji in this term
蒙	古
もう Jinmeiyō	こ Grade: 2
on’yomi

Etymology

From Chinese 蒙古, from Mongolian ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ (mungɣul) / Монгол (Mongol)

Pronunciation

On’yomi
- IPA^(key): [mo̞ːko̞]

Proper noun

蒙古 (hiragana もうこ, rōmaji Mōko)

Mongolia

Synonyms

モンゴル (Mongoru)

Korean

Hanja in this term
蒙	古

Proper noun

蒙古 • (Monggo) (hangeul 몽고)

Hanja form^? of 몽고 (“Mongolia”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this word
蒙	古

Proper noun

蒙古

Hán tự form of Mông Cổ (“Mongolia”).

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