苦難

See also: 苦难

Chinese

		bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful	disaster; distress; to scold disaster; distress; to scold; difficult (to...); problem; difficulty; difficult; not good
trad. (苦難)		苦	難
simp. (苦难)		苦	难

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kǔnàn

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨˇ ㄋㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fu² naan⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khú-nan
Min Nan (POJ): khó͘-lān

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: kǔnàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨˇ ㄋㄢˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuunann
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ na̠n⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: fu² naan⁶
  - Yale: fú naahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fu² naan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: fu² nan⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /fuː³⁵ naːn²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khú-nan
  - Hakka Romanization System: ku` nan
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ku³ nan⁴
  - IPA: /kʰu³¹ nan⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-lān
  - Tâi-lô: khóo-lān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qoflan
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lan³³/

Noun

苦難

hardship; suffering; misery; distress

Adjective

苦難

hard; miserable; distressing

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (苦難):

→ Japanese: 苦 (く)難 (なん) (kunan)
→ Korean: 고난 (苦難, gonan)
→ Vietnamese: khổ nạn (苦難)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
苦	難
く Grade: 3	なん Grade: 6
on’yomi

Noun

苦難 (hiragana くなん, rōmaji kunan)

hardship; suffering
彼 (かれ)は幾多 (いくた)もの苦 (く)難 (なん)を乗 (の)り越 (こ)えてきた。
Kare wa ikuta mono kunan o norikoete kita.
He had to overcome quite many hardships.

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