珍珠

Chinese

		precious thing; treasure	pearl; bead
simp. and trad. (珍珠)		珍	珠
variant forms		真珠 obsolete

Etymology

Pearls were previously called 真珠 (“true pearls”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zhēnzhū

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄣㄓㄨ

(Dungan, Cyrillic): җынҗў (žɨnžw, I-I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): zan¹ zyu¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳ̂n-chû
Min Dong (BUC): dĭng-ciŏ / cĭng-ciŏ
Min Nan (POJ): chin-chu / tin-chu
Wu (Wiktionary): tsen tsr (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: zhēnzhū
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄣㄓㄨ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenju
  - IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic: җынҗў (žɨnžw, I-I)
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ʂə̃²⁴ t͡ʂuː²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zan¹ zyu¹
  - Yale: jān jyū
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzan¹ dzy¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zen¹ ju¹
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐn⁵⁵ t͡ʃyː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ̂n-chû
  - Hakka Romanization System: ziin´ zu´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zin¹ zu¹
  - IPA: /t͡sɨn²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dĭng-ciŏ / cĭng-ciŏ
  - IPA ^(key): /tiŋ⁵⁵ ^(t͡s-)ʒuo⁵⁵/, /t͡siŋ⁵⁵ ^(t͡s-)ʒuo⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chin-chu
  - Tâi-lô: tsin-tsu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cinzw
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕin³³ t͡su³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tin-chu
  - Tâi-lô: tin-tsu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dinzw
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tin³³ t͡su³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: tsen tsr (T1)
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡səɲ⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹/

Middle Chinese: /ʈˠiɪn t͡ɕɨo/▼

Rime
Character	珍	珠
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	眞 (44)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	Chongniu III	III
Fanqie	陟鄰切	章俱切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈˠiɪn/	/t͡ɕɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈᵚin/	/t͡ɕio/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶien/	/t͡ɕio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈjin/	/cuə̆/
Li Rong	/ȶjĕn/	/t͡ɕio/
Wang Li	/ȶǐĕn/	/t͡ɕĭu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶi̯ĕn/	/t͡ɕi̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhēn	zhū

Noun

珍珠

pearl (Classifier: 粒; 顆／颗 m)
tapioca pearl (Classifier: 粒; 顆／颗 m)

Derived terms

珍珠奶茶 (zhēnzhū nǎichá)
珍珠岩
珍珠母 (zhēnzhūmǔ)
珍珠港 (Zhēnzhūgǎng)
珍珠粉 (zhēnzhūfěn)

珍珠草
珍珠菜
珍珠貝／珍珠贝
珍珠霜 (zhēnzhūshuāng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (真珠, 珍珠):

→ Japanese: 真 (しん)珠 (じゅ) (shinju)
→ Korean: 진주 (眞珠, 珍珠, jinju)
→ Vietnamese: trân châu (真珠, 珍珠)

Others:

Turkic languages
- Bashkir: ынйы (ïnyï)
- Turkish: inci
- Yakut: чөмчүүк (çömçüük)
Russian: же́мчуг (žémčug) (borrowed from Turkic)
Uralic languages
- Erzya: жемчуг (žemčug)
- Finnish: simpukka 'mollusc, bivalve, clam' (borrowed from Russian же́мчуг)
- Hungarian: gyöngy (borrowed from Turkic)
- Karelian: šimtšukka 'freshwater pearl mollusc, bivalve' (borrowed from Russian же́мчуг)
Muong: tlần chầu

Korean

Hanja in this term
珍	珠

Noun

珍珠 • (jinju) (hangeul 진주)

Hanja form^? of 진주 (“pearl”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this word
珍	珠

Noun

珍珠

Hán tự form of trân châu (“pearl”).

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.