扁桃

Chinese

		flat; tablet; inscription flat; tablet; inscription; small boat	peach
simp. and trad. (扁桃)		扁	桃
variant forms		偏桃匾桃

Etymology

A Central Asian import during the Medieval period. Perhaps a phono-semantic matching of Persian ‎ (bâdâm, “almond”) (as per Cihai), semantically construed as the “flat peach”.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): biǎntáo

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄧㄢˇ ㄊㄠˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bin² tou⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: biǎntáo
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄢˇ ㄊㄠˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: beantaur
  - Tongyong Pinyin: biǎntáo
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pjɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: bin² tou⁴
  - Yale: bín tòuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bin² tou⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: bin² tou⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /piːn³⁵ tʰou̯²¹/

Noun

扁桃

almond (the plant Prunus dulcis or its fruit)
flat peach

Synonyms

(almond): 巴旦木 (bādànmù), 巴旦杏 (bādànxìng), 杏仁 (xìngrén)
(flat peach): 蟠桃 (pántáo)

Derived terms

扁桃腺 (biǎntáoxiàn, “tonsil”)

扁桃體／扁桃体 (biǎntáotǐ)

Japanese

扁桃 (hentō): the tonsils.

Kanji in this term
扁	桃
へん Hyōgaiji	とう Grade: S
on’yomi

Etymology

/pentau/ → /fentau/ → /hentau/ → /hentɔː/ → /hentoː/

From Middle Chinese compound 扁桃 (pen^X daw, literally “flat, thin + peach”), from the way the almond fruit resembles a flat, thin peach.

The modern sense of tonsil came about by contraction from the full term 扁桃腺 (hentōsen, literally “almond gland”).

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Kan’on
- (Tokyo) へんとー [hèńtóó] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- IPA^(key): [hẽ̞nto̞ː]

Noun

扁桃 (hiragana へんとう, katakana ヘントウ, rōmaji hentō, historical hiragana へんたう)

almond
tonsil (from the almond shape)

Synonyms

(almond): 巴旦杏 (はたんきょう) (hatankyō), アーモンド (āmondo)
(tonsil): 扁桃腺 (へんとうせん) (hentōsen)

Derived terms

Derived terms

苦扁桃 (くへんとう) (kuhentō): bitter almond
苦扁桃油 (くへんとうゆ) (kuhentōyu): bitter almond oil
苦扁桃水 (くへんとうすい) (kuhentōsui): bitter almond oil dissolved in water
扁桃炎 (へんとうえん) (hentōen): tonsillitis
扁桃核 (へんとうかく) (hentōkaku): amygdala
扁桃腺 (へんとうせん) (hentōsen): tonsil
扁桃腺炎 (へんとうせんえん) (hentōsen'en): tonsillitis
扁桃腺切除 (へんとうせんせつじょ) (hentōsen setsujo): tonsillectomy
扁桃肥大 (へんとうひだい) (hentō hidai): enlarged tonsils, tonsillar hypertrophy
扁桃体 (へんとうたい) (hentōtai): amygdala
扁桃油 (へんとうゆ) (hentōyu): almond oil

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

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